Objective To improve the mammographic diagnostic level of breast ductal diseases.Methods X-ray features,operationand pathologic findings in 166 cases of breast disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results The galactography of all 166 cases showed the manifestations including 78 cases of mammoductal ectasis with ductal dilatation,smooth wall;2 cases of ductal ectasis complicated by infection with ductal dilatation,inregular coarsening wall and interstitial extravasation of contrast medium;11 cases of mammoglandular cystic lobular hyperplasia with cyetic dilatation of terminal ducts in different sizes;49 cases of intraductal papilloma with sound as ovoid fillingdefects showing as interrupted smooth bordered,"cupping" in 26 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma or intraductal carcinoma with post dilatation ductal stenosis and sigid "amputation" absuption together with sound cauliflower or inregular filling defects.In this series of 166 cases,75 cases vice prover to be tumor(45.1%) with malignancy in 26 cases(15.7%).Conclusion Galactography is an important method for diagnosis and differential diagrosis of mammoglandular disease with nipple discharge.

Objective To investigate the effect of purified urinary IgG from patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy on the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Methods Proteins were precipitated from urine with (NH4)2SO4, and urinary IgG was purified by protein G column chromatography. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were performed to analyze the urinary IgG. HK-2 cells were incubated with urinary IgG (0,0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,10.0 mg/ml) from either minimal change nephrotic or membranous nephropathy patients. The expression of MIF mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR, and MIF protein was assessed by Western blotting. Results SDS-PAGE showed that there were four bands, which were all IgG fractions confirmed by Western blotting. The urinary IgG up-regulated the expression of MIF mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells. The expression increased in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MIF mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells increased significantly when they were incubated with urinary IgG from membranous nephropathy patients at 1mg/ml (P

Aged ; Anthracosis ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

Dental Bonding ; Dental Implant-Abutment Design ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinases

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

Objective To study the expression of Th1 and Th2 types cytokines in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the clinical significance. Methods The expressions of Th1 ( INF-γ、IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4) types cytokines in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 healthy controls and 45 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control group, the expressions of Th1 type cytokines, IL-2 and INF-γwere significantly lower in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients (tINF-γ= 18. 24 ,tIL-2 = 15.31 ,Ps ＜0. 01 ) ,while the expression of Th2 type cytokines,IL-4 was significantly higher in the cultured PBMCs from the cancer patients ( tIL-4 = 5.79, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression changes of the cytokines showed a correlation with TNM (tumou-node-metastasis) stage of the tumor. Conclusion The Th1/Th2 shift existed in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and it might be one of the underline mechanisms of tumor immune escape.

Objective To compare the influences of different routes of nutrition on the outcome and respiratory muscle strength of elderly patients in respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). Methods Totally 147 elderly patients in RICU were equally randomized into combined nutrition group ( combinination of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition), total enteral nutrition (EN) group, and total parenteral nutrition (PN) group. The changes of energy metabolism, respiratory muscle strength, and short-term outcome were observed or determined.Results Plasma albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb), creatinine (Cr) levels, and nitrogen balance significantly increased in all group 7 days later ( all P ＜ 0. 01 ), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) significantly decreased ( P ＜0.01 ). The increase of ALB, Hb, Cr levels, and nitrogen balance were significantly more remarkable than that in EN group and PN group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The decrease of BUN level in the combined nutrition group was significantly more remarkable than that in EN group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). After nutritional support, the maximum inspiratory pressure in the combined nutrition group (P =0. 021 ) and EN group (P = 0. 011 ) became significantly higher, and occlusion pressure at 0.1 second inspiration level in the combined nutrition group became significantly lower ( P =0. 025). The incidences of infectious and non-infectious complications in PN group were significantly higher than those in EN group (P = 0. 002 and 0. 017, respectively) and combined nutrition group ( P = 0. 005 and 0. 004, respectively). Gastric retention was more common in EN group than that in PN group ( P = 0. 035). The weaning time,length of RICU stay, length of hospital stay and 20-day-mortality were significantly decreased in the combined nutrition group than those in the other two groups ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The effectiveness of the combined application of PN and EN is superior to PN or EN alone in improving nutritional status and respiratory muscle strength as well as in improving the short-term outcome in elderly patients in RICU..

Objective To provide histological evidence for clinic tendon reconstruction on severe medial collateral ligament injury in rabbits. Methods Medial collateral ligaments of two knee joints were completely incised to create own control model of MCL rupture. The operation group intimated the procedure of human being MCL reconstruction with semitendinous tendon. In the 4th,12th,16th,24th weeks, healing of MCL was observed by anatomy and the picrosirius-polarization method. Results In the 4th week, the MCL healing tissue of ex-periment group is more than control group. The average ratios of type Ⅲ collagen to Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen in the experiment group [(0.263±0.075), (0.235±0.041), (0.210±0.045), (0.197±0.029)] were significantly lower than those in control group [(0.310±0.072), (0.286±0.045), (0.261±0.046), (0.236±0.043) ] in the 4th, 12th, 16th, 24th weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions The semitendinons tendon reconstruction can improve MCL healing in early and middle period after injury.

We defined the prerequisite managing capacity of hospital directors through a comprehensive set of methods including literature review, interview of specialists and questionnaires. There were altogether 7 assessment items with 36 assessment indexes. The acquired assessment items and indexes were edited as Likert Scales and as signed to extprts concerned. The weight ofthe assessment indexes was obtained through a statistical analysis of the results. Hence the pre iluninary establishment of the system of standards for assessing the managing capacity of hospital directors.

More and more attention has been drawn on nano-materials in the application of molecular imaging and targeted cancer therapy. Quantum dots, due to their rich surface chemical properties and bright stable fluorescence, have been used as a new type of nano-probes and widely used in molecular, cellular and vivo biological imaging. In recent years, many inspiring achievements have been obtained in the study on quantum dots surface modification and biological imaging in cell and animals. In this article, current status and the latest developments of the study and the application are reviewed.