Animals ; Glutamine ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Swimming ; physiology

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the suitability of the first screening examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of ROP screening records of 459 infants admitted to the NICU of Seoul National University Children's Hospital between January 2006 and December 2011 was performed. The first examination was performed at 31-32 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA) or 4-5 weeks of postnatal age (PNA), whichever was earlier. The infants were divided into subgroups according to the gestational age (GA), and the time of the first examination, time of onset of ROP, and time of laser surgery were assessed with regard to the PMA and PNA. RESULTS: Of the 459 infants, 139 infants developed ROP, with the mean PMA at onset of ROP being 34+2+/-2+3 weeks. Type I ROP developed in 57 infants, with the median PMA at laser surgery being 36+0 weeks. The median PMAs at the time of onset and the time of surgery did not significantly differ between groups divided according to GA. Infants with a GA of <26 weeks showed a higher incidence of Type I ROP compared to those with a GA of > or =26 weeks. None of the infants with a GA of <26 weeks were diagnosed with ROP at the first examination, and none of the patients in either group missed treatment. Six infants developed ROP before 31 weeks of PMA, at which time the first screening for ROP is generally performed. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the timing of the initial examination for ROP should be based on PMA or PNA, whichever is earlier, particularly in infants with GA of <26 weeks.
Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Laser Therapy ; Mass Screening* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity* ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We aimed to analyze the discordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based surrogate subtyping and PAM50 intrinsic subtypes and to assess overall survival (OS) according to discordance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 607 patients were analyzed. Hormone receptor (HR) expression was evaluated by IHC, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was analyzed by IHC and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization. PAM50 intrinsic subtypes were determined according to 50 cancer genes using the NanoString nCounter Analysis System. We matched concordant tumor as luminal A and HR+/HER2–, luminal B and HR+/HER2+, HR–/HER2+ and HER2–enriched, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and normal- or basal-like. We used Ion Ampliseq Cancer Panel v2 was used to identify the genomic alteration related with discordance. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS. RESULTS: In total, 233 patients (38.4%) were discordant between IHC-based subtype and PAM50 intrinsic subtype. Using targeted sequencing, we detected somatic mutation–related discordant breast cancer including the VHL gene in the HR+/HER2– group (31% in concordant group, 0% in discordant group, p=0.03) and the IDH and RET genes (7% vs. 12%, p=0.02 and 0% vs. 25%, p=0.02, respectively) in the TNBC group. Among the luminal A/B patients with a discordant result had significantly worse OS (median OS, 73.6 months vs. not reached; p < 0.001), and among the patients with HR positivity, the basal-like group as determined by PAM50 showed significantly inferior OS compared to other intrinsic subtypes (5-year OS rate, 92.2% vs. 75.6%; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: A substantial portion of patients showed discrepancy between IHC subtype and PAM50 intrinsic subtype in our study. The survival analysis demonstrated that current IHC-based classification could mislead the treatment and result in poor outcome. Current guidelines for IHC might be updated accordingly.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Classification ; Fluorescence ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Methods ; Phenobarbital ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms