Purpose To explore the reason which resulted in the flow-empty area in carotid artery, establishing a logistic regression model of carotid artery by power Doppler ultrasound, screening the risk factors of the occurrence of this phenomenon and analyzing their reasons. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 172 male subjects who had undergone power Doppler ultrasound were analyzed retrospectively, whether there was flow-empty area at the edge of carotid artery lumen during diastole was observed, brachial artery systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and pressure difference, carotid artery intima media thickness, and the existence of atherosclerotic plaques was measured, the age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, blood lipid, history of smoking and cerebrovascular accident situation was collected to establish the logistic model to analyze the risk factors resulted in flow-empty area. Results Among the 172 patients, intima media thickened in 89 cases, systolic blood pressure increased in 97 cases, diastolic blood pressure increased in 7 cases, the pulse pressure increased in 90 cases, with the age of 65 years or older in 92 cases, atherosclerotic plaque formation in 84 cases, long smoking history in 63 cases, cerebral vascular accident history in 11 cases, diabetes mellitus in 79 cases, hyperlipidemia in 101 cases, and abnormal BMI in 13 cases. Doppler energy imaging showed flow-empty area wave type in 98 cases, no flow-empty area wave type in 74 cases. 5 statistically significant variables for the occurrence of flow-empty area in carotid artery lumen during diastole were selected using logistic regression, which were carotid artery intima media thickness, BASP, the pressure difference of brachial artery, existence of atherosclerotic plaque, and the age of patients (OR=50.643, 47.248, 29.426, 32.667 and 20.514, P<0.05). Conclusion The risk factors resulted in flow-empty area in carotid artery are increased IMT, systolic BP and pressure difference, existence of atherosclerotic plaque and the age of 65 years or older. The flow-empty area provides hemodynamic information for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, and it also plays a helping role in evaluating the degree of arteriosclerosis.

Objective:To explore the pharmaceutical care points in advanced lung cancer patients with brain metastases. Meth-ods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug treatment process of one case of small cell cancer patient with brain metastases. Pharmaceutical care was carried out from various aspects, including brain metastases treatment, chemotherapy, antiviral therapy and patient education. Results:Cerebral transfer symptoms and quality of life of the patient were effectively improved and adverse reactions were reduced by the pharmaceutical care. Conclusion:By the implementation of pharmaceutical care on the patient, clinical pharma-cists can not only improve their own knowledge base and exploit professional advantage, but also provide suggestions on rational drug use for health care professionals.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational clinical use of drugs and sound management thereof. METH-ODS:The relative data of antihypertensive drugs applied in 34 hospitals in Wuhan city during 2011 and 2013 were analyzed sta-tistically by using the analytical method of the Defined Daily Dose(DDD)recommended by WHO. RESULTS:Both consump-tion amount and DDDs of antihypertensive drugs in Wuhan city were increasing during 2011 and 2013,where calcium-channel blockers(CCB)enjoyed the largest consumption amount and the highest DDDs,with the constituent ratio of over 40% respec-tively,followed by angiotensinⅡreceptor antagonist (ARB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). The con-sumption amount and DDDs of new compound preparation also increased. Top three single drugs in terms of consumption amount were amlodipine,levamlodipine and valsartan,while amlodipine,nifedipine and felodipine ranked the top three in DDDs list. CONCLUSIONS:Wide usage of antihypertensive drugs in Wuhan City are respectively CCB,ARB,ACEI,adrener-gic receptor blockers and diuretics,which are applied in current principle of antihypertensive drugs use and basically rational in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effects of different disinfectants on results of antibiotics skin test,and to improve the accuracy of the judgment results of antibiotics skin test. METHODS:1 500 patients undergoing antibiotics skin test of penicillin and cephalosporin were randomly divided into group A and group B with 750 patients in each group. Group A was given 75% etha-nol disinfection,and group B was given iodine disinfection. The incidence of false positive results were compared after disinfected with 2 kinds of disinfectants. RESULTS:The incidence of false positive result in group B was lower than in group A,with statisti-cally significant difference (χ2=10.004,P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For skin disinfection of antibiotics skin test,iodine is better and safer than 75%ethanol.

Objective:To investigate the influence of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells under high glu-cose concentration.Methods:MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to glucose at 5.5 mmol/L,25.5 mmol/L and 25.5 mmol/L combined with SB203580 respectively.Cell proliferation was analysed by MTT assay,calcified nodules were quantitated by Alizarin Red S stai-ning.Osteogenesis gene(OCN,Runx2)mRNA level was examined by realtime PCR.Results:High glucose decreased cell prolifera-tion(P<0.05),ALP activity(P<0.05),calcified nodule formation and osteogenesis gene expression of MC3T3-E1 cells.SB203580 reversed the down-regulation of osteogenic markers under high glucose,increased the ALP expression but decreased cell proliferation. Conclusion:SB203580 is antagonistic to P38MAPK in the regulation of preliferation and differetiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Objective To evaluate the cytotoxicity of trichostatin A (TSA),a histone deacetylase inhibitor,plus paclitaxel to H1299 strain lung cancer cells. Methods H1299 cells were exposed to TSA and/or paclitaxel in different concentrations in different ways. The proliferation rates were determined by MTT assay,the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel was calculated and the growth curve was plotted. The H1299 cells were then divided into 4 groups:control group (cells were normally cultivated for 36h),TAX group (cells were treated with 10nmol/L of paclitaxel for 24h),TSA group (cells were treated with 300nmol/L of TSA for 24h) and TF group (cells were exposed to TAX for 24h after being treated with TSA). Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The morphological changes in nuclei as stained with Hoechst 33342 were observed by fluorescence microscopy. The protein expression levels of p21 and cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) were determined by Western blotting. Results TSA significantly enhanced the inhibition of paclitaxel in lung cancer cell lines H1299. When combined with TSA,the IC50 of paclitaxel decreased significantly from 110.6?38.7nmol/L to 63.7?11.8nmol/L in H1299 cells (P0.05). Conclusion The HDAC inhibitor TSA,combined with TAX,may enhance the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel to,and promote the death of,lung cancer cell line H1299,which may not be related to apoptosis.

AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of interleukin-4(IL-4),IL-10,IL-12 in rat serum and lung tissues during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: The ARDS model of rats was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. The levels of IL-4 ,IL-10,IL-12 in serum and the supernatant of lung tissues were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The Levels of serum and lung IL-10,IL-12 in ARDS rats were increased in 4 h ,8 h,16 h group compared with control group . The levels in IL-10 in serum in 16 h group and IL-10 in lung tissues of 8 h group were lower than that in 4 h group. The Levels of IL-4 in serum in 4 h, 8 h group were higher than that in control group , while IL-4 in 16 h group was lower than that in 8 h group. IL-4 of lung tissues in 4 h,8 h,16 h group were increased significantly,but in 16 h group were lower than that in 8 h group. The biggest changes of pulmonary coefficient and histopathology were observed at 4 h after injection of oleic acid. CONCLUSIONS: IL-4,IL-10 and IL-12 might play important roles in inflammatory reaction induced by oleic acid. The pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced successively during ARDS. The relationship between unbalanced cytokines and lung injury in ARDS needs to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum of respiratory viruses in infants and young children with acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI) in Chongqing area from 2003-2007.And to assess the clinical diagnostic value of virus detection in nasopharyngeal secretions(NPS) and serum viral antibody detection for ALRI.Methods Cases of 2 529 specimens of NPS in hospitalized children with ALRI from Apr.2003 to Oct.2007 were taken for detecting 7 common respiratory virus antigens by immunofluorescence assay including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(IA),influenza B (IB),parainfluenza virus1-3 (PIV1,PIV2,PIV3).Fifty-five thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven samples were tested for ADV-IgM by ELISA.Among those,45 159 cases were further tested for RSV-IgM by ELISA.Results Respiratory virus pathogens were detected in 778 samples out of 2 529(30.76%) including RSV positive in 668 samples (85.86%),PIV3 positive in 75 samples (9.64%),IA positive in 22 samples (2.57%),ADV positive in 15 samples ( 1.93%),only 1 sample ( 0.13%) positive for both PIV1 and RSV. And the positive rate of RSV-IgM was 0.9%-15.2%,and the positive rate for ADV-IgM was about 0.6%-10.6%.RSV infection occured mainly in winter and spring.Conclusions Respiratory virus is the most common pathogen in children with ALRI during the survey period in Chongqing area,especially for RSV infection.The pattern of RSV circulation varied every year with seasonality.It is suggest that this year is peak one for RSV infection from the monthly positive results,especially in Feburary(50%) in 2007.But the infection rate of PIV3,IA,ADV and PIV1 are lower,particularly IB and PIV2 infection have not been seen for the last 5 years.It is fast and accurate to detect RSV antigen and suit to clinical diagnosis by using immunofluorescence assay than other antibody detection.