Objective To analyze the effect of ATAD2 on glioma cell lines.Methods ATAD2 level in U87MG, U251 and normal human astrocytes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.U87MG and U251 cells were divided into four groups: control, mock (lipofection control), ATAD2 siRNA (transfected with ATAD2 siRNA) and ATAD2 overexpression (transfected with ATAD2).Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were respectively measured by MTT and Transwell assay.The level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin was measured by Western blot.Results ATAD2 was highly expressed in U87MG and U251 cells.Compared with control, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, N-cadherin and Vimentin expression were decreased by ATAD2 siRNA, while they were promoted by ATAD2 overexpression (P<0.05).E-cadherin expression was upregulated by ATAD2 siRNA and it was inhibited by ATAD2 overexpression (P<0.05).Conclusions ATAD2 participants in human glioma cells metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

AIM: To develop a method to determine the content of emodin and chrysophanol in Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Flos Lonicerae, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, etc.). METHODS: HPLC was used to determine the content of emodin and chrysophanol in Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets. The separation was performed on YWG ODS column with methanol (0.1%) phosphoric acid(85∶15) mixture as a mobile phase and the wavelength of UV detector was at 254nm. RESULTS: The resolution and the linearity of this method was good. in the range of emodin was 50.2～401.6ng( r =0.9999); chrysophanol was 49.9～ 399.2 ng( r =0.9994); and with the average recovery of emodin: 99.4%( RSD =2.2%); chrysophanol:100%( RSD =1.1%). CONCLUSION: The method is simple, rapid and satisfactory and suitable for quality control of Fuyanling Effervescent Tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment.METHODS:The preparation technology of Seborrhea liniment was optimized by orthogonal experiment design L9(34)using 60% alcohol as solvent with the content of Berberine hydrochloride as index for evaluation and with the extraction method,extraction time,amount of solvent and number of extraction times as factors.RESULTS:The optimum preparation technical conditions were as follows:by impregnating method,the extraction time was 48 h using 1 500 mL alcohol and the extraction frequency was 2 times.CONCLUSION:The preparation technology of Chinese traditional medicine Seborrhea liniment is stable and feasible,and it serves as a theoretical basis for the industrial production.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between sternum protection and bone marrow suppression in postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Methods Total of 98 postoperative patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma were randomly divided into experimental group (52 cases) and control group (46 cases). All patients were given intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), with the dose of 50-50.4 Gy. The patients in experimental group were irradiated by 6 fields (4-fields in front, 2-fields behind) which were crossed to avoid direct exposure to the sternum. The patients in control group were irradiated by 5 fields (3-fields in front, 2-fields behind) with front-middle of the field passing through the sternum. Concurrently all patients received 2 cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy. Results Dmean, V20 and V30 of the sternum in the experimental group were (20.21 ±3.60) Gy, (40.78 ±7.19) % and (33.78 ±9.44) %, which were lower than those in the control group [(30.91±5.21) Gy, (81.01±4.81) %, (51.60±6.84) %], respectively (P<0.05). However, the volume and dose distribution of lung, spinal cord and heart were similar between the two groups (P> 0.05). Both the incidence rates of bone marrow suppression at 14th day and 35th day after radiotherapy were significantly higher in the control group (52.2%, 73.9%) than those in the experimental group (28.8 %, 50.0 %) (P< 0.05), and the incidence rate of bone marrow suppression at 7th day after radiotherapy was similar between the two groups. Conclusion Protecting and sketching for sternum in postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma can reduce the incidence of bone marrow suppression effectively, which would not increase the radiation dose in the lung, heart and spinal cord.

Objective:To study the biotransformation rule of the chemical components of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves tranformed by submerged fermentation of ganoderma lucidum,and to lay the foundation for further development and research of the medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves.Methods:The total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves were fermented by ganoderma lucidum,the changes of chemical components before and after fermentation were measured by thin-layer chromatography;the levels of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves before and after fermentation were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry;the levels of ginsenoside Rb1,Rg3,Rd,CK,Re,Rg,and Rh1 before and after fermentation were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.The human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells were divided into blank control group,low,medium and high doses of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves groups and medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves groups.The dosages of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves and medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves were 5,10 and 20 mg·L-1,respectively.The inhibitory rate(IR) of the cells was determined by MTT assay.Results:The results of thin-layer chromatography showed that the saponins before and after fermentation occured mutual transformation;the levels of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves before and after fermentation were 749.98 and 602.26 mg·g-1,respectively;the levels of panaxadiol saponins Rb1,Rg3,Rd and CK before fermentation were 24.54,2.21,87.22 and 0 mg·g-1,and the levels of panaxatriol saponins Re,Rg and Rh1 were 151.34,77.02,and 3.06 mg·g-1.After fermentation,the level of Rb1 was decreased by 61.45%,the levels of Rg3,Rd and CK were increased by 238.91%,34.43% and 268.00%.The levels of Re and Rg1 were decreased by 63.75% and 64.41%,and the level of Rh1 was increased by 408.88%;the IR of the SMMC-7721 cells in medium dose of medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves group was higher than that in medium dose of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves group(P<0.05);the IR of the SMMC-7721 cells in high dose of medicinal fungus of ginseng stems and leaves group was higher than that in high dose of total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves group(P<0.01).Conclusion:The total ginsenosides from ginseng stems and leaves transformed by the submerged fermentation of ganoderma lucidum can significantly change its chemical components,which have stronger anti-proliferation activity in the SMMC-7721 cells.

Objective To study the expression of KAI1 and CD40 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods The expression of KAI1 and CD40 of 64 gastric cancer tissues was examinated by S-P immunohistochemieal methods.Results The overall positive rate of KAI1 was 22% in gastric cancer.Expression of KAI1 was positively related to the degree of tumor differentiation,it was negatively related to invasion depth and lymph node metastasis and the tumor clinical stage.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of KAII was significantly higher than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=42.426,P=0.000).The expression rate of CD40 in gastric cancer tissue was 34%.The expression of CD40 was significantly correlated with metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of CD40 was significantly lower than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=4.841,P=0.028).There is no relationship between KAI1 and CD40 expression in gastric cancer.Conclusion KAI1 is associated with gastric cancer differentiation,invasion and metastasis.CD40 status helps to evaluate metastasis,and predict prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway on mitochondrial fusion in rat alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells (AECⅡ) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Once the cultured in vitro rat AECⅡcells line RLE-6TN reached confluency of 85%, they were subcultured and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 5 each). RLE-6TN cells were routinely cultured in control group. The cells in LPS group was stimulated with 10 mg/L LPS to reproduce the model of endotoxin challenge in AECⅡ cells. The cells in carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2, in vitro CO release agent) + LPS group (CL group) and Hemin (HO-1 inducer) + LPS group (HL group) were pretreated with 100 μmol/L CORM-2 or 20 μmol/L Hemin for 1 hour, respectively, followed by 10 mg/L LPS stimulation. The cells in zinc protoporphyrin-Ⅸ (ZnPP-Ⅸ, HO-1 inhibitor) + LPS group (ZL group) was pretreated with 10 μmol/L ZnPP-Ⅸ for 0.5 hour followed by 10 mg/L LPS stimulation. The cells in CORM-2 + ZnPP-Ⅸ + LPS group (CZL group) and Hemin + ZnPP-Ⅸ + LPS group (HZL group) were pretreated with 100 μmol/L CORM-2 or 20 μmol/L Hemin respectively for 1 hour, and other treatments were similar to those previously described in ZL group. At 24 hours after LPS stimulation, interleukin-6 (IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the protein expressions of HO-1, mitochondrial fusion related proteins 1 and 2 (Mfn1, Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) were determined by Western Blot. Results Compared with control group, IL-6 and TNF-α contents in the supernatant were increased, HO-1 protein expression was up-regulated, Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1 protein expressions were down-regulated in all treatment groups. Compared with LPS group, IL-6 and TNF-α contents were significantly decreased after CORM-2 or Hemin pretreatment [IL-6 (ng/L): 48.6±3.7, 48.4±3.1 vs. 58.7±2.5; TNF-α (ng/L):40.7±5.3, 39.4±4.3 vs. 51.8±5.1], the protein expressions of HO-1, Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1 were significantly up-regulated (HO-1 protein: 0.873±0.051, 0.839±0.061 vs. 0.671±0.044; Mfn1 protein: 0.673±0.037, 0.654±0.025 vs. 0.568±0.021; Mfn2 protein: 0.676±0.044, 0.683±0.035 vs. 0.571±0.043; OPA1 protein: 0.648±0.031, 0.632±0.031 vs. 0.554±0.032; all P < 0.05); while opposite effects were found after ZnPP-Ⅸ preincubation, and there were significant differences in IL-6 and TNF-α contents and protein expressions of HO-1, Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1 as compared with those of LPS group [IL-6 (ng/L): 69.8±5.1 vs. 58.7±2.5, TNF-α (ng/L): 61.9±3.3 vs. 51.8±5.1, HO-1 protein: 0.545±0.023 vs. 0.671±0.044, Mfn1 protein: 0.406±0.051 vs. 0.568±0.021, Mfn2 protein:0.393±0.051 vs. 0.571±0.043, OPA1 protein: 0.372±0.050 vs. 0.554±0.032; all P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences in the parameters mentioned above between HL group and CL group, as well as among LPS, CZL and HZL groups. Conclusion HO-1/CO pathway promotes mitochondrial fusion and alleviates inflammatory response in LPS-induced rat AECⅡ cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and postoperative complications of arthrotomy and arthroscopy in repair of 170 menisci in 168 cases.Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with meniscus injury were repaired by arthrotomy or arthroscopy.They were 121 males and 47 females.There were 77 left knees and 91 right knees;117 medial menisci and 53 lateral ones.Their average age was 25.5?8.4 years old.Arthro- scopic repair methods included puncture and grinding,bio-absorbable meniscus arrow fixation,Outside-In suturing, Inside-Out suturing,Elite scuff instrument repairing,T-Fix fixation and FasT-Fix fixation techniques.The clinical results were assessed on the basis of symptoms,physical signs,Tegner scores and Lysholm scores of the cases. Postoperative complications were also investigated.Re-arthroscopic exploration was done for patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs.Results The average folluw-up time was 49.3?28.8 months.Their mean pre- operative Tegner score was 3.3?2.3,and their postoperative one 6.8?2.1 (P＜0.05).Their preoperative Lysholm score was 30.1?18.2,and their postoperative one 87.5?22.5 (P＜0.01).There were significant differences in Tegner and Lysholm scores before operation and after operation.Ninety-eight repaired menisci were rated as excellent(57.7%),57 as good (33.5%),10 as fair (5.9%),and five as poor (2.9%).The total ex- cellent and good result was 91.2%.Of the 19 patients with obvious symptoms and physical signs,re-arthroscopic exploration found no healing in five and partial healing in six.Postoperative complications included pain at the Outside-In suture nodes in three cases,referred pain at posterior articular capsule resulted from failed Outside-In meniscus anterior horn suturing in one case,and twinge at the meniscus arrow site in the posterior capsule in five cases.No serious lesion occurred at blood vessels or nerves.The postoperative complication incidence was 5.3%. Conclusion The eight methods of arthrotomy and arthroscopy to repair injured menisci investigated in our study can have a high successful rate and low perioperative and postoperative risk.

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of low back pain. Microenvironmental and cytological changes of intervertebral disc are main factors inducing disc degeneration. However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To review the application of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of IDD.METHODS: First, the article structure was designed, and then WanFang and CNKI databases were retrieved for related articles using Chinese and English keywords. After analyzing the abstract and main body, the eligible articles were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment has achieved remarkable outcomes in the treatment of middle- and late-stage IDD. However, there is still no good conservative therapy for early degeneration. PRP has been extensively applied in the treatment of IDD due to its improvement in tissue healing and regeneration. PRP has been proved to be capable of effectively delaying and even reversing IDD through cytology tests and animal experiments. Some clinical trials have shown that PRP treatment can ease low back pain, while others have demonstrated that the combination of PRP and other biological treatments can significantly improve IDD. Nowadays, most of the experiments are limited in the study of cytology and zoology rather than clinical trials, and there is still no unified standard for extraction method, dose and optimal injection time of PRP. Moreover, there is little reported on its side effects. Consequently, the curative effect of PRP for IDD needs to be verified further.

Water soluble extract (WSE) is an important index for the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix (AR). In this study, the WSE of the wild AR from Shanxi province (SX) and the cultivated AR from Gansu Province (GS) were compared. The WSEs of two types of AR were determined according to the appendix of Chinese pharmacopoeia. Then the WSEs were subjected to NMR analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using HCA, PCA, OPLS-DA, microarray analysis, and Spearman rank analysis. In addition, the Pearson correlation of differential metabolites were also calculated. The results showed that the WSE content of GS-AR (37.80%) was higher than that of SX-AR (32.13%). The main constituent of WSE was sucrose, and other 18 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, were also detected. Multivariate analysis revealed that SX-AR contained more choline, succinic acid, citric acid, glutamate, taurine and aspartate, while GS samples contained more sucrose, arginine and fumaric acid. In addition, the Pearson correlations between different metabolites of the two types of AR also showed apparent differences. The results suggested that the WSE of two types of AR differs not only in the content, but also in the chemical compositions. Thus, the cultivation way is important to the quality of AR. This study supplied a new method for the comparison of extract of herbal drugs.
Arginine ; analysis ; Aspartic Acid ; analysis ; Choline ; analysis ; Citric Acid ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; analysis ; Glutamic Acid ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phylogeography ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Succinic Acid ; analysis ; Sucrose ; analysis ; Taurine ; analysis