OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in breast carcinoma tissues and its association with microvessel density (MVD), and explore the relationship between FAK-mediated cell signaling and angiogenesis in breast carcinoma.

METHODSFAK and CD34 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry with SP method in 88 breast carcinoma tissues and 30 tissues of benign breast disease. The correlations of FAK protein expression with MVD marked with CD34 and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed in breast carcinoma.

RESULTSIn the 88 breast carcinomas, the positivity rate of FAK was 68.2% (60/88) with MVD of (34.52-/+13.11) /HPE, showing significant differences from those of the benign disease group (P<0.01). FAK expression and MVD in breast carcinoma tissues were positively related to tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P<0.05), but not to the patients' age or histopathological grade of the tumors (P>0.05). In breast carcinoma, the expression of FAK was positively related to MVD (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFAK protein expression and MVD are closely correlated with the invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma. FAK expression can promote angiogenesis of breast carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the changes of behavior after ketamine anesthesia, and changes of serum antibodies against beta-amyloid (Abeta) and Abeta protein in the hippocampus of aged rats, thus exploring the effects of EA on the cognitive dysfunction.

METHODSThirty 14-month old SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, i. e. , the control group (Group A), the ketamine anesthesia group (Group B), and the EA+ketamine anesthesia group (Group C), 10 in each group. 50 mg/kg katemine was intraperitoneally injected to rats in Group B and Group C, once daily for 7 successive days. EA was performed to rats in Group C from the 1st day of the experiment after rats awoke completely from anesthesia, twice daily for 7 successive days. Changes of the ratio of the swim time in the original platform quadrant to the total swim time and the escape latency phase were observed by Morris water maze. The peripheral blood was withdrawn by the end of the experiment. Serum anti-Abeta antibody contents were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of Abeta in the hippocampus were detected using Westen blot.

RESULTSLong-term application of ketamine could lower aged rats' cognitive function. In the navigation test, the escape latency phase of rats in Group B was significantly prolonged ( P < 0.01) . On the 7th day of the experiment, the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05), while the serum level of anti-Abeta antibodies was significantly higher in Group C than in Group B (P < 0.01). On the 7th day of the experiment, the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus was higher in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA could increase the contents of anti-Abeta antibodies in aged rats with ketamine anesthesia, decrease the expression of Abeta in the hippocampus, alleviate the deposition of Abeta, thus improving rats' cognitive dysfunction.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; immunology ; Anesthesia ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Antibodies ; blood ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Ketamine ; adverse effects ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To investigate the role of volatile components in the compound and to find the substance foundation of Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) for curing extremities spasticity after stroke. The chemical compositions of essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation from Gualou Guizhi decoction and its major constituting herbs (Trichosanthis Radix, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) were analyzed by GC-MS to evaluate the correlativity between volatile components of GLGZD and its major constituting herbs, and volatile components after oral administration of GLGZD in the rats' brain. Volatile components of GLGZD are mainly derived from Cinnamomi Ramulus, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Radix. The volatile components in the brain is mostly derived from radix trichosanthis. Compared with individual herbs of GLGZD, the dissolution of the components increase or new components appear after compatibility of six herbs. Adminstrated with GLGZD, the results point out that volatile components in the brain play a neuroprotective role through passing the brain.
Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Bone remodeling is balanced by bone formation and bone resorption as well as by alterations in the quantities and functions of seed cells, leading to either the maintenance or deterioration of bone status. The existing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), known as a family of short non-coding RNAs, are the key post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression, and growing numbers of novel miRNAs have been verified to play vital roles in the regulation of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and adipogenesis, revealing how they interact with signaling molecules to control these processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of miRNAs in regulating bone remodeling as well as novel applications for miRNAs in biomaterials for therapeutic purposes.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the three-dimensional reconstruction methods of the portal vein using 64-slice spiral CT data and the anatomical variation of the portal vein.

METHODSThree-dimensional reconstruction of the portal vein was performed using Mimics software based on the 64-slice spiral CT data of 64 cases. Each model of the portal vein and its branches was evaluated according to the presentation rate, depiction quality and anatomic variation.

RESULTSThe reconstructed model showed a depiction rates of 100% for the 4-grade branches of the portal vein. The stem of the portal vein and the left and right branches of the level III or above were all displayed, but in 2 cases the superior mesenteric vein and in 1 case the spleen vein was displayed only to the level IV. Of the 64 cases, 50 (78.1%) had normal portal vein and 14 (21.9%) showed anatomical variations.

CONCLUSIONThe 3D model vividly mimics the anatomic variations of the portal vein to provide valuable information for surgical plans.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEAlpha-thalassemia is one of the most common monogene disorders in the world. Most frequently, it is caused by deletions of alpha-globin gene (-alpha or --), and less commonly resulted from the non-deletional mutation (alpha(T)alpha). Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease is the most severe type among survivors of alpha-thalassemia. The clinical presentation of children with the disease was highly heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha-globin genotypes in the children with HbH disease on predicting the phenotypic severity and to define the factors involved in the disease progress.

METHODSForty-three children with the disease in Zhuhai area of Guangdong, China were examined by using established techniques to detect genotypes of alpha-globin and to determine all hematological parameters. All detailed clinical data of the cases were recorded. Then clinical and hematological findings, and the correlation with genotypes were evaluated.

RESULTSSix alpha-thalassemia mutations were detected and interacted to produce 5 HbH disease genotypes. Of these genotypes, -alpha(3.7)/--(SEA)(60%), -alpha(4.2)/--(SEA) (19%) and alpha(CS)alpha/--(SEA) (12%) HbH diseases were prevalent in the area. Compared with -alpha(3.7)/--(SEA) HbH disease, significantly lower red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) and HbA(2) (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.01, respectively), and significantly higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin volume (MCV) and HbH levels (both P < 0.01), and more severe clinical phenotypes were found in the HbH disease with alpha(T)alpha/--(SEA) genotype. While the differences were much more significant when compared with -alpha(3.7)/--(SEA) then compared with -alpha(4.2)/--(SEA) not only in the hematological parameters, but also in the severity of clinical phenotypes. In addition, HbH levels showed anegatively correlation with the RBC count (r = -0.39, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe phenotypes of HbH disease may be mainly related to the underlying genotypes. The children with alpha(T)alpha/--(SEA) genotype presented with more severe hematological and clinical phenotypes followed by the -alpha(4.2)/--(SEA) and then -alpha(3.7)/--(SEA) genotypes. But phenotypic severity was not simply related to the degree of alpha-globin deficiency. HbH levels were found to exacerbate anemia. These data might provide comprehensive and very valuable and basic information for the management of HbH disease, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Child ; China ; Disease Progression ; Genotype ; Hemoglobin H ; genetics ; Humans ; Phenotype ; alpha-Globins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate cell apoptosis induced by survivin ASODN and clarify the precise mechanism of anti-apoptotic action of survivin.

METHODSCells of lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 were treated with survivin ASODN at different concentrations. The changes of survivin mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. The apoptosis index (AI) and proliferation index (PI) were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). After 500 mmol/L survivin ASODN treatment, cells were stained with Rh123 to detect changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsim) by FCM. The concentration of cytoplasmic cytochrome c (cyt-c) was continuously determined by ELISA. Relative activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were assessed by colorimetric assay. The expression of caspase-8 protein was measured by Western blot assay. The apoptotic rates of lung cancer cells induced by survivin ASODN with or without mitochondrial permeability transition pole (MPTP) inhibitor CsA treatment were assessed by FCM.

RESULTSDown-regulated survivin mRNA was shown to be in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. Its maximal effect was achieved at a concentration of 500 nmol/L for 72 h, at which mRNA was down-regulated by 62.7%, the expression of survivin protein in NCI-H446 cells was also obviously decreased. After treatment with survivin ASODN at concentration of 500 mmol/L for 72 h, AI was 48.35%, higher than that of control, lipofectin, NSODN, survivin ASODN 100 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L groups (3.75%, 3.41%, 4.69%, 19.85% and 34.39%, respectively). PI was 24.38%, lower than that of control, lipofectin, NSODN, survivin ASODN100 and 300 mmol/L groups (75.74%, 73.12%, 71.76%, 51.03% and 38.94%, respectively). Deltapsim was decreased in 9.54% of NCI-H446 cells treated with survivin ASODN for 3 h and 97.06% for 24 h. Following it, release of cyt-c from mitochondria to cytosol and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 increased significantly. The above mentioned indicators changed with a time-dependent and time diversity relationship. In the presence of CsA, the apoptotic rate of lung cancer cells induced by survivin ASODN was decreased significantly. No up-regrulation and activation in caspase-8 protein was observed.

CONCLUSIONSurvivin inhibits apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial-dependent pathway. survivin ASODN can not only induce apoptosis but also inhibit cell proliferation through blocking the expression of survivin mRNA and protein.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; physiology ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Cytosol ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the association between HLA-DQA1 gene copy number polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk in Chinese population, and the interaction of those genes and environmental factors.

METHODSThe genotype of HLA-DQA1 gene copy number polymorphisms was determined in 343 patients with gastric cancer and 330 controls by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the impact of this polymorphism on the risk of developing gastric cancer and the gene-environment interaction.

RESULTSCompared with 0 copy of HLA-DQA1 gene carriers, the 2 copies of HLA-DQA1 gene carriers had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.87, 95%CI = 1.15 - 3.06, P = 0.012). Gene-environment interaction of HLA-DQA1 gene copy number polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection significantly increased the risk of gastric cancer in a multiplicative manner, with an OR of 3.89 (95%CI = 1.75 - 8.57, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSHLA-DQA1 gene copy number polymorphism is associated with gastric cancer susceptibility, and there is a multiplicative gene-environment interaction between this polymorphism and Hp infection in the development of gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; genetics ; Helicobacter Infections ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; immunology ; microbiology

The prognosis of T-cell lymphoma (TCL) has been shown to be associated with the clinical characteristics of patients. However, there is little knowledge of whether genetic variations also affect the prognosis of TCL. This study investigated the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily(TNFRSF) genes and the survival of patients with TCL. A total of 38 tag SNPs in 18 TNFRSF genes were genotyped using Sequenom platform in 150 patients with TCL. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were plotted and significance was assessed using log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze each of these 38 SNPs with adjustment for covariates that might influence patient survival, including sex and international prognostic Index score. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated. Among the 38 SNPs tested, 3 were significantly associated with the survival of patients with TCL. These SNPs were located at LTβR (rs3759333C>T) and TNFRSF17(rs2017662C>T and rs2071336C>T). The 5-year survival rates were significantly different among patients carrying different genotypes and the HRs for death between the different genotypes ranged from 0.45 to 2.46. These findings suggest that the SNPs in TNFRSF genes might be important determinants for the survival of TCL patients.
Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; genetics ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; classification ; genetics ; Survival Rate

Based on the characteristics of forensic pathology, this paper explains the concept, connotation and advantages of holistic medicine and integrated medicine in the teaching of forensic pathology. Then, through the introduction of the specific teaching process design and effect analysis of the death cause analysis practical cases, it clarifies the necessity and effectiveness of integrated medicine and holistic medicine in the teaching of forensic pathology, and provides new ideas for the reform of the overall teaching of forensic pathology.