Objective To approach the effect on mechanical barricade of the mucous membrane of small intestine caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The rats of the model group were given 7.5 mg/kg diclofenac by gavage,bid;the rats of the control group were given the same dose of saline.Then thev were further randomly divided into two subgroups(n=8)at the first day and the fifth day after making the models to observe the scores of anatomical lesion on stomach and small intestine and the scores of tissue damage of mucous membrane and to quantitatively analyze the height of villi,as well as the thickness and the section area of mucous membrane with Carl Zeiss Imaging Systems.Observation of the change of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane was carried out with transmission electron microscope.Results The mucous membrane of stomach of the model groups was slightly edematous.There was no difference between the scores of the model groups and control groups.It was seen that the mucous membrane of small intestine of the first day model group presented with erythema,anabrosis and ulcer.The ulcer was distributed along mesentery.The mucous membrane of small intestine of the fifth day model group showed bleeding,perforation and sinus tract formation,and the scores of anatomical lesion was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The scroes of the lesions of the first and fifth day model groups were 3.5 and 5.0.The difference had statistical significance when compared with those of the control groups(the scores were O)(P＜0.05).Cell degeneration and cellular necrosis of epithelial mueosa of small intestine wag also seen in the first day model group.The top of villi was ablated.The height of the pile on jejunum was (126.9±32.0)μm and that on ileum wag(118.6±22.9)μm They were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).However there was no difference of the thickness and section area between them,but the thickness and section area showed a tendency of decrease.It was also seen that there were apomorphosis and sphacelism of epithelial cells in the fifth day model group.Some villi were ablated and laminae propna exposed.The height of villi on jejunum[(73.4±25.4)μm]and that on ileum[(109.3±17.6)μm]decreased significantiy.The thickness of mucous membrane[(123.8±51.6)μm and(165.7±37.4)μm]decreased alnd the section area[(2.48±1.01)mm2 and(3.27±0.76)mm2]became smaller(P＜0.05 vs control group).The mucous membrane of the villi on small intestine wag continuous but arranged disorderly.Cytochondriome swelled,endocytoplasmic reticulia expanded with different degrees,intercellular junction widened Dartly.The microviili in the fifth day model group were ablated more obviously and intercellular iunctions were broken and destroyed gravely.Conclusions Diclofenac can cause damage to the function of mucous membrane barricade of small intestine.It could also lead to shortening of the villi,thinning of the mucous membrane,ablation of the microvilli,and widening of the tight intercellular junction as the characteristic morphological change.

· AIM: To report a rare case of mesenchymalchondrosarcoma in the orbit and to explore its clinicmanifestations, pathologic characters, management andprognosis. · METHODS: We report a case of mesenchymalchondrosarcoma of the orbit. The clinical materials,including ophthalmological examination, computed tomo-graphy scan of the orbit, histopathology and immunohis-tochemistry of the biopsy specimen was reported, and itspertinent literatures were reviewed.· RESULTS: A 36-year-old female was seen with proptosisand decreased vision. Histopathology demonstrated anadmixture of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells andislands of mature hyaline cartilage. Immunohistochemicalstudies revealed positivity for vimentin and S-100, whichwas consistent with the diagnosis of mesenchymalchondrosarcoma.· CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in theorbit is extremely rare malignant tumor. Multi-modalitytreatments (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy)may lead to long-term survival.

A simulated moving bed (SMB), equipped with eight silica-gel columns, was used to separate phosphatidylcholine (PC) from soybean phospholipids. The effects of flow rate in Sections 2 (Q(2)) and 3 (Q(3)), switching time, feed flow rate and feed concentration on the operating performance parameters: purity, recovery, productivity and desorbent consumption were studied. Operating conditions leading to more than 90% purity in both outlet streams have been identified, together with those achieving optimal performance. Regions leading to complete separation are observed and explained theoretically. As the mass-transfer effect was not considered, the triangle theory only gives initial guesses for the optimal operating conditions.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Chemical ; Phosphatidylcholines ; isolation & purification ; Phospholipids ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; Soybeans ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy of RevoLix 120 W 2 µm continuous-wave (cw) laser enucleation of the prostate with transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). And to evaluate clinical value of 120 W 2 µm cw laser enucleation.

METHODSAll 168 patients with BPH underwent 2 µm cw laser enucleation (n = 88) or TURP (n = 80) between January 2010 and January 2011. The operative time, drop in hemoglobin, drop in serum sodium, indwelling catheterization time and operative complications were recorded. International prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), urinary peak flow rate (Qmax) and post-voiding residual urine (PVR) were also compared.

RESULTSThe mean operative time was slightly longer in the 2 µm laser group ((63.2 ± 21.6) min) than the TURP group ((59.4 ± 18.6) min) (P > 0.05). Transfusions were not necessary in 2 µm laser group. Catheter indwelling time were (1.8 ± 0.6) days vs. (3.5 ± 2.6) days in 2 µm laser group than in TURP group (t = 3.912, P < 0.05). All cases were followed up for 3 - 12 months, the IPSS, QOL, Qmax and PVR were 6.1 ± 2.0, 4.4 ± 1.6, (18.8 ± 4.8) ml/s and (21.6 ± 16.5) ml in the 2 µm laser group, and were 6.3 ± 2.4, 1.9 ± 1.1, (18.4 ± 4.2) ml/s, (23.2 ± 14.6) ml in TURP group respectively. All the markers were improved significantly compared with that of preoperative in both groups (t = 12.453 - 26.213, P < 0.01), but no statistical differences could be found between the two groups. Perioperative complications were less in the 2 µm laser group.

CONCLUSIONSThe 120 W 2 µm cw laser enucleation is an novel excellent treatment for BPH as well as TURP, and has the advantage of significantly less blood loss, shorter hospitalization, shorter catheter indwelling time and rapid recovery after surgery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Electrosurgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDLiver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases; however, infections after transplantation can seriously affect the patient's health. The aim of this research was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection following liver transplantation.

METHODSClinical data for 232 liver transplant patients at risk of fungal infection were examined for the presence of fungus in the blood, fluid, sputum, urine and stools of patients and by chest or abdominal CT scans. Patients diagnosed with a fungal infection were treated with Fluconazole or, if this was not effective, Voriconazole or Amphotericin B. Immunosuppressive therapy was also reviewed.

RESULTSThirty-seven of 232 (15.9%) patients were diagnosed with a fungal infection, which occurred 4 to 34 days post-transplantation. Candida infections were diagnosed in 23 cases (62.2%) and Aspergillus infections in 12 cases (32.4%). Twenty-one cases were effectively treated with Fluconazole, 11 cases with Voriconazole, and two cases with Amphotericin B; however, three cases were not effectively treated with any of the antifungal agents. Overall, treatment was effective in 91.9% of patients.

CONCLUSIONSFungal infection has a significant influence on survival rate after liver transplantation. Imaging studies, and pathogenic and biopsy examinations can diagnose fungal infections, which can be effectively treated with antifungal agents such as Fluconazole, Voriconazole or Amphotericin B.

Adult ; Amphotericin B ; therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fluconazole ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Triazoles ; therapeutic use ; Voriconazole

OBJECTIVETo investigate the main risk factors for postoperative severe complications, and establish Logistic regression model to predict severe complications in gastric cancer following gastrectomy.

METHODSThe data of 1728 gastric cancer patients underwent gastrectomy between June 2001 and June 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for postoperative severe complications in those patients.

RESULTSPostoperative severe complications were associated with extent of lymph node dissection (D(2)(+)-D(3)), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), invasion to the adjacent organ, combined organ resection, extent of lymph node dissection (D(2)), diabetes mellitus (DM), TNM staging IV, heart diseases, malnutrition, surgeon's operative volume, operative time, blood loss and age. The Logistic regression model was P = 1/[1+e((14.806-2.523X1-1.792X2-1.558X3-1.551X4-1.270X5-1.150X6-1.101X7-0.981X8-0.817X9-0.657X10-0.578X11-0.542X12-0.309X13))]. A testing sample showed that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the Logistic model were 72.5%, 70.0% and 75.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe extent of nodal dissection (D(2)(+)-D(3)), COPD, invasion to the adjacent organ, combined organ resection, extent of nodal dissection (D(2)), diabetes mellitus, TNM staging IV, heart diseases, malnutrition, surgeon's operative volume, operative time, blood loss and age are the independent risk factors associated with severe complications in gastric cancer post gastrectomy. The Logistic regression model based on these factors is reliable in predicting the severe complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo biomechanically compare the stability of the short and long iliac screw fixation constructs in lumbo-iliac reconstruction.

METHODSSeven adult human embalmed cadavers (L(3)-pelvis) were used. Using posterior spinal fixation system, L(4)-S(1) pedicle screw fixation was performed. This was defined as intact state of the sacroiliac joint. After the intact test, total sacrum resection and L(4)-L(5)-pelvis reconstruction by pedicle screw and iliac screw with different lengths were performed as follow: short screw group (as the length of exceeding 2 mm over ischial notch) and long screw group (as the length of exceeding 2 mm over anterior inferior iliac spine). Using the 858 MTS material testing machine, biomechanical testing was performed under 800 N compression and 7 Nm torsion loading modes. At last, the axial pullout test of two iliac screws was executed. Construct stiffness in compression and torsion test, and maximum pullout force were analyzed.

RESULTSInsertion lengths of the short and long iliac screw were (70 +/- 2) mm and (138 +/- 4) mm respectively. The lumbo-pelvic reconstruction using short and long iliac screw, respectively restored 53.3% +/- 13.6% and 57.6% +/- 16.2% of the initial stiffness in compression testing, and respectively harvested 55.1% +/- 11.9% and 62.5% +/- 9.2% of the initial stiffness in torsion testing. No significant difference was detected between the two reconstructions (P > 0.05), however, the compressive and torsional stiffness of the two techniques were markedly less than the intact condition (P < 0.05). The maximum pullout strength of long iliac screw was significantly higher than short screw (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSUnder the physical loading, lumbo-pelvic fixation construct using the short iliac screw may obtain mechanical stability comparable to that by long iliac screw. The short iliac screw is only the half of the long iliac screw by length, could reduce the implantation risk. However, the long iliac screw behaves greater axial pullout force, should be applied as far as possible in the osteoporosis patient. The lumbo-pelvic reconstruction utilizing any length of iliac screw is difficult to restore the local stability.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; surgery ; Sacrum ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo analyze the pathogenic mechanism and the clinical significance of post-traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia through reviewing the clinical manifestations.

METHODSThe data of 15 patients (14 males and 1 female, aged from 28 to 56 years, with an average of 36 years) with post-traumatic syringomyelia treated in our hospital from December 1997 to February 2002 were studied retrospectively. Two patients suffered from T11 fractures, 7 from T12 fractures and 6 from L1 fractures. There were 12 patients with burst fractures and 3 with fracture dislocations. Anterior decompression, bone graft, bone fusion and internal fixation were made on 6 patients, posterior decompression, bone graft, bone fusion and internal fixation on 1 patient, and non-surgical treatment on 8 patients.

RESULTSSyringomyelia of the patients was diagnosed accurately with magnetic resonance imaging at 0.5-4 years after the original thoracolumbar fracture. The cavern was round in 6 cases, elliptic in 6 cases, and irregular in 3 cases. The patients also suffered from pain (80%), myodynamia attenuation in lower extremities (66.7%), aggravated spasm (46.7%), sensation loss or hypesthesia (46.7%), decreased coordinate function of lower extremities (20%) and autonomic nerve symptom (6.7%).

CONCLUSIONSPost-traumatic thoracolumbar syringomyelia should be suspected if the patient has new neurological symptoms, such as myodynamia attenuation in lower extremities, after the neural function becomes stable for certain time.

Adult ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; physiology ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sampling Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; diagnosis ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Syringomyelia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDCholedochal cyst excision and biliary enteric reconstruction constitute the best therapy for choledochal cyst. And laparoscopy is currently used to cure this disease now.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 cases of total laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision between January 2007 and August 2011. All patients underwent in vitro Roux-en-Y hepatoenterostomy.

RESULTSAll 34 patients underwent successful total laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision. The operation time was 200 - 360 minutes. The duration of hospital stay was 3 - 7 days. Follow-up observations lasted 1 - 56 months. One patient developed an anastomotic stoma stricture, but no other cases had postoperative complications. No patients died.

CONCLUSIONTotal laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision is safe and feasible.

Adult ; Choledochal Cyst ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the feasibility and actuality of MR imaging on diagnosis and evaluation of velopharyngeal insufficiency preoperatively.

METHODSSince 2002, six patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency were examined with MRI using midsagittal, coronal, and axial images, contrast with radiography, to affirm configuration and movements of soft palate, posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls, and velopharyngeal opening for the choices of following surgeries.

RESULTSMRI visualizes directly and measures objectively the shorter soft palate, confined movements of soft palate, lateral or/and posterior pharyngeal wall, and deeper and enlarged velopharyngeal opening, which were coincided with clinical symptoms and affirmed by observations in the following operations, surpassing radiography.

CONCLUSIONSMRI is effective, actual, and uninvasive in imaging and measuring the velopharyngeal insufficiency, thus has a potential role in investigation and planning surgical repairs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Young Adult