Objective To study disfunction of activated T cell from peripheral blood and explore its role on pathogenesis in patients with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).Methods T cell subsets and expression of membrane molecule on activated T cell in peripheral blood were measured in 26 refractory MPP patients by using immunofluorescence and flowcytometry,and compared with those of 18 control healthy children.Results The percentage of CD4~+ cell from peripheral blood in refractory MPP children was significantly lower than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusions There are disfunctions of T cell in refractory MPP patients in acute period,and the abnormal T cell activated disfunction may play an important role on pathogenesis.

Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis ; complications ; metabolism ; virology ; Enterovirus ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factors ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Background and purpose: Cervical nodal metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma plays an important role in the definition of radiotherapy area and clinical staging, it is also one of the main factors influencing prognosis. So this study was designed to explore the pattern of metastatic lymph nodes for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which may provide a basis for clinical treatment and research. Methods: From Jun. 2005 to Sep. 2007,779 histologically diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients had routine MRI scan before radiation therapy at Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital. Diagnostic radiologists and radiation oncoiogists together assessed the nodal distribution according to the guideline CT-hased delineation of lymph node levels. Then, Chi-sqnare test was used to analyze the correlation between T stage and nodal metastasis rate and between nodal diameter and nodal extracapsular invasion. Results: Of 779 patients, 592(76.0%) had nodal involvement. The distribution was as follows: 1 in level Ⅰ,384 in level Ⅱa, 499 in level Ⅱ_b, 184 in level Ⅲ, 33 in level Ⅳ, 67 in level V_a, 21 in level V_b, 597 in retropharynx.In these patients, a total of 1 479 postive nodes, including 973 (65.79%) extracapsular spread nodes, were detected.The rate of nodal extracapsular invasion was higher when the axial diameter increased. Leap metastasis rate was 1.0%. No significant correlation was found between T stage and nodal involvement. Conclusion: The level Ⅱ and retropharyngeal node were the most frequently involved regions, they had similar metastatic rate and were both the first echo node to metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Level Ⅰ metastasis was lower. The proportion of extracapsular spread of metastatic lymph nodes increased with axial diameter of lymph nodes-dependent. The cervical node involvement of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was spread orderly down the neck, and the incidence of skip metastasis is rare. The relationship between T stage and nodal involvement has no statistical significance.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal locking plates in treating Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2010 and October 2012, 38 calcaneal fractures with Sanders type II or III were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal locking plate. According to the Sanders classification, 15 fractures were classified as type II, 23 fractures as type III. The patients were divided into two groups (group A and B) according to the different fixed methods. Sustentaculum tali was fixed with one screw in group A, including 13 males and 5 females, with a mean age of (38.56±8.03) years old (ranged, 25 to 55). And sustentaculum tali was not fixed in group B, including 16 males and 4 females, with a mean age of (42.35±8.29) years old (ranged, 29 to 53). Clinical effects were evaluated according to the changes of Böhler's angle and the Maryland Foot Score and VAS score.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 20 months with a mean of 14 months. Böhler's angles and subtalar joints obtained satisfactory reconstruction in all patients. One year after operation, the mean Maryland Foot Score was 88.61±7.59 in group A; and was 82.40±9.24 in group B; Maryland Foot Score of group A was higher and foot functional rehabilitation was better than group B. The mean VAS score was 13.39±11.47 in group A; and was 22.50±13.10 in group B; VAS score of group A was lower and foot pain was less than group B.

CONCLUSIONSustentaculum tall screw fixation has advantages of strong fixed strength, high stability, less postoperative pain, rapid functional recovery in treating Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function

Objective To carry out a comparative study between the Chinese 2008 and'92 staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A total of 777 patients presented with untreated nondisseminated NPC who had received MRI scan of nasopharynx and neck were studied retrospectively. The clinical materials and information of imaging were collected. All patients were restaged according to the Chinese 2008 and 92 staging system of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Distribution of T, N stage, survival and prognostic value were compared. 513 patients of the 777 cases were treated with conventional radiotherapy,264 cases with intensity modulated radiation therapy. Results The 3-year follow-up rate was 97.6%. The consistency of T stages was 95.0%. T, N and clinical stage distributions in two systems were similar ( Kappa = 0. 93, P = 0. 000; Kappa = 0. 58, P = 0. 000; Kappa = 0. 74, P = 0. 000). Local failure-free survival and disease specific survival were also similar. There was no difference of distant metastasis between N0 and N1(x2 = 1.94,P=0. 164), and a marginal difference between N1 and N2(x2 =3.83,P=0.051) in the Chinese'92 staging system. However, although there was also no difference of distant metastasis-free survival between No and N1a(x2 =0. 07,P =0. 797), ) the difference of overall survival among N1b, N2, and N3 were significant ( x2 = 4. 95, P = 0. 026; x2 = 6. 74, P = 0. 009) in the Chinese 2008 staging system. Conventional radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiation therapy was not a prognostic factor for survival ( x2 = 3.60,P =0. 058). It is reasonable for the Chinese 2008 staging system integrated lymph node characteristics such as laterality, level and extranodal neoplastic spread into the N staging criteria ( x2 = 6. 59, P = 0. 010; x2 =4.78,P=0. 029;x2=9.32,P=0. 002). Conclusions For the Chinese 2008 staging system, it was reasonable to simplify the previous T stage. The N stage showed a better predictive role of distant failure.The role of retropharyngeal lymph node in stage system needs further investigation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate magnesium sulfate and compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte in bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy.MethodsA total of 81 patients were randomly divided into two groups.Group A (n =41 ) received compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte,and group B (n =40) received magnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte. Positive detection rate,intestinal preparation score,the incidence of capsule retention and solution quality,liver and kidney function were compared between those two groups.ResultsThe positive detection rates of capsule endoscopy were 65.9％ (27/41) in group A and 62.5％ (25/40) in group B,which were nonsignificantly different (x2 =0.099,P ＞ 0.05).The intestinal preparation scores of 19 patients in group A were ≤4 and those of 22 patients were ≥6,while those of 28 patients in group B were ≤4 and of 12 patients were ≥6,which were significantly different (x2 =4.653,P ＜ 0.05). The rates of capsule retention of group A and B were 2.4％( 1/41 ) and 5.0％ (2/40) respectively,which were not significantly different (x2 =0.372,P ＞ 0.05 ).Obvious abdominal pain,nausea or vomitting occurred in no patients of the two groups.There was no difference in electrolyte level or liver and kidney function between those two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionMagnesium sulfate combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte is applicable for the bowel preparation before capsule endoscopy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of CT-guided localization with combination of methylene blue and a Hookwire system for small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic resection.Methods CTguided localization the SPNs before resection in 56 patients and 60 nodules,then underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) resection.Among 56 patients,19 males and 37 females,aged from 35 to 81 years,mean age was (61.1 ±8.9)years.Results SPNs diameter (6.80 ±4.12) mm,distance from the parietal pleura (15.38 ±4.63) mm.CT-guided localization success rate was 100％,positioning time (10.76 ± 8.17) min,8.9％ (5/56) had micro pneumothorax aftet positioning,7.1％ (4/56) occurrence of needle tract bleeding,no conservative treatment.VATS resection rate was 100％.The pathology of 60 lesions were shown:Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma(BAC) were 33 lesions(55.0％),BAC and adenocarcinoma were 11 lesions(18.3％),Atypicaladenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) were 7 lesions (11.8％),Inflammation were 4 lesions (6.7％),Harmatoma were 3 lesions(5.0％),Tuberculoses were 2 lesions(3.3％).Conclusion CT-guided localization with combination of methylene blue and a Hookwire system before video-assisted thoracoscopic resection is a promising technique for small solitary pulmonary nodules.It could play an important role in accurate localization of small pulmonary nodules,and it is a safe technique with clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation training on learning and memory ability and the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)in rats modeling vascular dementia.Methods Foay-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a rehabilitation group(20 rats),an immobilization group(20 rats),or a sham-operation group(5 rats).The experimental vascular dementia model was established by repeatedly clipping the common carotid artery to induce repetitive isehemia-reperfusion,and by reducing blood pressure with intra-abdominal injection of sodium nitroprusside.The rats' learning and memory were tested on the 27th and 28th days after the operation using a water-maze step-down avoidance test.A RT-PCR technique was used to detect NCAM expression around the hippocampal area at different times after the operation.Results The rehabilitation group rats showed significantly better learning and memory ability than those in the immobilization group.NCAM was also more strongly expressed in their hippocampi than in those of the immobilization group and sham-operation group.Conclusion Rehabilitation can accelerate recovery of learning and memory ability in rats,and the mechanism possibly is related to the increase of NCAM expression in the hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the effect of selenium on proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes of articular cartilage cultured in vitro in Kaschin-Beck disease(KBD) patients and normal person, to explore the role of selenium in control of KBD, and to provide evidence for selenium's effect on the growth of normal cartilage cells. Methods The articular cartilage samples of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ KBD patients were selected according to the national "Clinical Diagnosis of KBD" (GB 16003-1995). Chondrocytes of 5 KBD and 5 non-endemic normal accidentswere separated and cultured in vitro. KBD group and control group were given different doses of selenium (0,0.0125,0.0250,0.0500,0.1000,0.2500,0.5000,1.0000 mg/L, respectively). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),flow cytometric analysis, and immunocytochemical staining were used to observe the effect of selenium on cell growth and apoptosis in KBD and normal persons. Results MTT results showed that the cell proliferation rate in each dosage group of the control group at the 6th day(0.086 ± 0.025,0.077 ± 0.012,0.073 ± 0.027,0.071 ± 0.017,0.058 ± 0.028,0.052 ± 0.028 and 0.046 ± 0.037) was significantly lower than that of 0 mg/L group(0.138 ± 0.026,all P ＜ 0.05);the average cell proliferation rate was negative( - 0.001 ± 0.001, - 0.003 ± 0.000, - 0.003 ± 0.001and - 0.004 ± 0.001 ) in 0.1000 - 1.0000 mg/L dose group, which was significantly lower than that of the 0 mg/L group(0.025 ± 0.003, all P ＜ 0.05);compared with 0 mg/L group(0. 115 ± 0.011), the KBD 0.2500 mg/L dose group promoted cell proliferation(0.128 ± 0.037, P ＜ 0.05), the KBD 1.0000 mg/L dose group inhibited cell growth (0.071 ± 0.019, P ＜ 0.05). The apoptotic rate of 0.0500 - 1.0000 mg/L dose control group [ (18.88 ± 0.02)%,(17.58 ± 0.01)%, (17.09 ± 0.04)%, (56.00 ± 0.02)%, (57.85 ± 0.03)% ] were higher than that of the 0 mg/L group[(13.51 ± 0.01)%, all P ＜ 0.05];compared with 0 mg/L group[(25.84 ± 0.02)%], the apoptotic rate in KBD 0.0250 - 0.2500 mg/L dose group [ ( 13.69 ± 0.02) %, ( 15.96 ± 0.03 ) %, ( 16.68 ± 0.03 ) %, ( 16.67 ± 0.02) % ]were lower, and the apoptotic rate in 0.5000, 1.0000 mg/L dose group [ (59.58 ± 0.03)%, (73.48 ± 0.04)% ] were significantly higher(all P ＜ 0.05). The Fas expression in KBD 0.0500 - 0.2500 mg/L dose groups[ (41.2 ± 1.5)%,(40.3 ± 2.0)%, (50.2 ± 2.5)%] were lower than those of the same dose control group with selenium intervention [(52.4 ± 1.0)%, (67.2 ± 4.0)%, (75.1 ± 5.0)%, all P ＜ 0.05], the caspase-3 expression in KBD 0.0500,0.1000 mg/L dose groups[ (40.8 ± 1.1 )%, (45.1 ± 2.1 )%] were lower than those of the same dose control group with selenium intervention[ (68.0 ± 3.0)%, (70.6 ± 3.5)%, all P ＜ 0.05 ]. Conclusions Appropriate dose of selenium supplementation (0.1000 - 0.2500 mg/L) could promote the growth of KBD chondrocyte, decrease cell apoptosis,but have a damage when the dose of selenium ＞ 0.5000 mg/L;doses of selenium that could promote the growth of KBD chondrocyte does not mean to promote the growth of normal cartilage cells in vivo.

The concentrations of berberine (BBR) and 8-cetylberberine (8-BBR-C16) in rat plasma and tissue were determined by RP-HPLC. Both the plasma pharmacokinetics characteristic and tissue distribution differences of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 were compared to provide experimental data for the mechanism research and further drug development. After the oral administrations of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1) for rats, the pharmacokinetics result showed that compared with BBR, the C(max) and AUC(0-t), of 8-BBR-C16 increased by 2.8 times and 12.9 times respectively, t1/2 extended from 3.61 h to 11.90 h. The tissue distribution result showed that compared with BBR, the concentration of 8-BBR-C16 in various organizations increased and the retention time extended remarkably. The maximum concentration was achieved in lung and the highest concentration in it was 3 731.82 ng x g(-1). After being derived, the C(max) in plasma and bioavailability of 8-BBR-C16 increased remarkably and the circulation time in vivo extended. The drug concentration in tissue increased remarkably, and the distribution ratio changed too, with strong targeting selection in lung.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution