With the development of the medical imaging and computer aided technology,the trend of the medical imag es visualization from2D to3D is focused.This paper introduces the methods and ke y technology of3D medical images visualization,and discusses its applications to medical diagnoses and clinic therapy.There is a promising direction in the fiel ds of virtual endoscope,computer assisted operation and long-distance operation.

Objective To investigate the current policy of medical insurance expenditure control in Shanghai and put forward feasible advice. Methods Survey in 5 tertiary first-class hospitals in Shanghai involving 400 doctors and patients was conducted.The result of the questionnaire was tracked with Microsoft Excel 2000.The expense reports during 2001 to 2006 from the Office of Medical Insurance of Shanghai Renji Hospital was collected.All the data were statistically analysed. Results The global budget system was accepted by both the doctors and patients.Charging based on disease categories was proved a relatively satisfying method.Drug expenditure control was concerned by both the doctors and patients. Conclusion Ever since the global budget system of medical insurance is implemented in Shanghai,the medical insurance expenditure has been effectively controlled.The key point is the restraint of irrational consumption during the medical treatment.

Objective: To establish a HPLC method for the determination of ginsenoside Re、Rg1 in Yianhuisheng Oral Liquor(Radix Ginseng Rubra, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Scorpio etc.) Methods: RP-HPLC was used to quantitative analysis. The Synchropak C 4 column (250mm?4.6mm, 5?m) was used, and mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-0.05% H 3PO 4(18∶82). Detection wavelength was at 203nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min -1 , the injection volume of sample was 10?L and of reference 8?L. Results: The linear response range from 0.432 ～3.456?g of Re(r=0.9992, n=5), 0.360～2.88?g of Rg1(r=0.9998, n=5), respectively. The recovery of Re: 97.0%, RSD=1.4%, the recovery of Rg1: 96.8%, RSD:=1.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was proved to be simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible, and suitable for content determination of the oral liquor.

Objective To analyse the distribution characteristics of negative pattern of hepatitis B virus Markers (HBV‐M ) in healthy population in Hangzhou district in 2014 ,and provide strategy for the prevention and control of HBV infection in HBV‐M negative population .Methods The HBV‐M (HBsAg ,HBsAb ,HBeAg ,HBeAb and HBcAb) in blood specimens of health examina‐tion population were tested by using ELISA .For 300 cases preserved HBV‐M negative specimens ,HBsAg and HBsAb were detec‐ted by using chemiluminescence immunoassay and HBV‐DNA was detected by using PROCLEIX ULTRIO? Assay .The viral load of HBV‐DNA reactive sample was quantitatively determined .Results Among 9 143 blood samples ,2 213 samples were HBV‐M negative ,and the negative rate was 24 .20% .The negative rate of male to female was 1∶1 .21 .Using chemiluminescence immunoas‐says and PROCLEIX ULTRIO? Assay simultaneously ,we found one case of low concentration of HBsAg(both HBsAb and HBV DNA nonreactive) ,four cases of low concentration of HBsAb(both HBsAg and HBV DNA nonreactive) ,two cases of HBV‐DNA reactive(HBV‐M negative) .One HBV‐DNA reactive sample could be quantified as 560 IU/mL .Conclusion In HBV‐M (ELISA) negative population of health examination of Hangzhou district ,a few subjects had low concentrations of HBsAg or HBsAb or HBV‐DNA .For HBV‐M negative population ,quantitative detection of HBV‐M and HBV‐DNA before HBV vaccination is recom‐mended to determine w hether they need HBV vaccine and the HBV vaccination plan .

ObjectiveTo develop the manipulation and scoring system of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) into a Chinese software.MethodsThe manual manipulation and scoring system of LOTCA was developed into a technological procedure and changed into primary product of software through conforming computer programs such as Basic, C, C++ and Flash Maker. The primary product was tested in clinic and feedback suggestions were collected. The questions found during assessment and items with reliability and validity not satisfied were optimized.ResultsThe Chinese software of LOTCA, including mandarin and Cantonese, composed manipulation system, scoring system, administer system and affiliated system. It could run on systems of Windows 2000 and Windows XP.ConclusionThe Chinese software of LOTCA is objective, standard and convenient for clinic.

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) is an important transcription factor to regulate anti-oxidative stress reaction. Some researches indicate that NF-E2-related factor-2 can be phosphorylated by numerous members of protein kinase C family. In order to investigate generant mechanism of microwave radiation on oxidative stress injury, whether microwave radiation can influence on anti-oxidative regulating system through NF-E2-related factor-2 or not should be further studied.OBJ ECTIVE: To analyze the effect of microwave radiation on phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2 and activity of protein kinase C in vascular endothelial cells.DESIGN: Observational-contrast study.SETTING : Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Vascular endothelial cell strain; H332PO4; Protein-A Sepharose (Sigma Company); mono-antibody of NF-E2-related factor-2 (H-300, Santa Cruz); α-mono-antibody of protein kinase C (Santa Cruz); glass microfiber filters(Whatman Company); gel scanning system (Gel Doc 2000, Bio-Rad); liquid scintillation spectrometer (LKB-117, Sweden).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Laboratory of Electromagnetic radiation and Biological Effect, Department of Labor Hygiene, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from March to July 2003. ① Analysis of phosphorylation of NF-E2-related factor-2: Vascular endothelial cells were cultured with DMEM medium till the period of productive growth and incubated with 32Pi for 2 hours. And then, cultured bottle was maintained in water bath at 37℃ and performed with microwave radiation in dark chamber, whose reflectivity was about zero. It was regarded as radiation group, and the average power density of radiation was 30 mW/cm2; in addition, the duration of radiation was 30 minutes.Cells did not deal with microwave radiation were regarded as control group. Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was measured at 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation with immune coprecipitation-autoradiography technique and dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system. Cells in the control group were analyzed directly. ②Active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C: Cells in the radiation group and the control group were dealt with the same cultured method, condition, radiation styles, dosage and environment as mentioned above. At 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after radiation, cells were split to extract plasma and membrane protein. Furthermore, activity of protein kinase C was measured with r-32P-ATP labeled liquid scintillation spectrometer; gray value of protein strap was dealt with semi-quantitative analysis with gel scanning system; staining degree of plasma was observed after immunocytochemical staining of protein kinase C. In addition, cells in the control group were measured and observed directly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group; ②Results of active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C in radiation group and control group.RESULTS: ① Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in radiation group and control group: Gray value of NF-E2-related factor-2 was higher in radiation group than that in control group at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation.Phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 reached the peak at four hours after radiation. In addition, results of semi-quantitative scanning analysis showed that, at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation, phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 was increased 33%, 261% and 141% in radiation group as compared with that in control group,respectively (t = 2.974, 4.209, 4.047, P ＜ 0.05), and then, fallen down to normal value 24 hours later. ② Results of active analysis and expressional measurement of protein kinase C in radiation group and control group: At 2, 4 and 8 hours after microwave radiation, expression of protein kinase C in radiation group was higher than that in control group,especially at the 4 hour. In addition, at 24 hours after radiation, expression of protein kinase C recovered the normal value. Results of immunocytochemical staining showed that staining of plasma was deeper in radiation group than that in control group at 4 hours after radiation. Moreover, results of r-32P-ATP labeled liquid scintillation spectrometer also suggested that, at 2, 4 and 8 hours after radiation, activity of protein kinase C was increased 36%, 93% and 47% in radiation group as compared with that in control group, respectively (t =2.801, 3.654, 3.035, P ＜ 0.05). And then, activity of protein kinase C was decreased after 24 hours, otherwise, activity of protein kinase C reached the peak at 4 hours after radiation.CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation can strengthen the phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2 in vascular endothelial cells during a special period; meanwhile, it can also cause the increase of expression of protein kinase C.Time effect of activity of protein kinase C is coincidence with phosphorylation level of NF-E2-related factor-2.

Objective To investigate the change of HepG2 liver tumor perfusion after microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment and observe the related pathological injury.Methods Twenty eight Balb/c(nu/nu) nude mice transplanted subcutaneous HepG2 tumor were divided into three groups randomly,including the microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation group,the ultrasound group and the sham group.Microbubble enhanced ultrasound cavitation treatment was performed by 0.1 ml microbubbles intravenous injection combined with pulse ultrasound emission in experimental group,while in control groups only ultrasound exposure or microbubble injection were applied.The perfusion of tumors was imaged using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography before and after treatments.Time-intensity curve and peak intensity were analyzed.The tumors were then harvested for histological examination.Results The perfusion of HepG2 tumors almost vanished immediately after treatment in experimental group,with the peak intensity reduced from (26.9 ± 10.9)％ to(8.2 ± 5.8)％ (P ＜0.05).There was no significant changes before and after treatments (P ＞ 0.05) in the two control groups.Histological findings were disruption of the endothelia,significant hemorrhage and increased intercellular fluid.Conclusions Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound cavitation can significantly reduce tumor blood perfusion and disrupt tumor vascularture.This new ultrasound therapy can potentially become a new physical anti-angiogenetic therapy for liver tumor.

This study is to report the preparation of complexes of Ad5 and anionic liposomes (AL-Ad5), the amplification of adenoviruses with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene performed by HEK 293 cells, the adenoviral vectors purified by cesium chloride gradient centrifugation, and the titer of adenovirus determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) method, hexon capsid immunoassay and quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR), separately. The prescription and experiment conditions were optimized by central composite design (CCD). The complexes of Ad5 and AL-Ad5 were formulated by the calcium-induced phase change method. The morpholopy, particle size and zeta potential were detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Additionally, the bicolourable fluoresce-labeled complexes (F(labeled)-AL-Ad5) were prepared and their intracellular location in MDCK cells was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicate that the complexes of AL-Ad5 exhibited a uniform distribution with a particle size of 211 +/- 10 nm and a zeta potential of -41.2 +/- 2.2 mV. The result of CLSM demonstrates that the intracellular location of red fluoresce-labeled adenovirus was consistent with that of green fluoresce-labeled liposomes suggesting that the naked adenovirus was well encapsulated by the anionic liposomes in complexes of AL-Ad5.

Objective To evaluate the use of endoscopy in assessment of invasion depth of colorectal flat lesions and in choice of treatment strategy. Methods The invasion depth of 222 colorectal flat lesions from 188 patients was endoscopically estimated by pit patterns, air-induced deformation testing and/or lifting sign. The lesion was endoscopically rosected if both tests were positive, otherwise, surgery was applied. The pathological evaluation of resected lesion was made according to WHO criteria and was used as a reference of tumor invasion depth. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of airinduced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were calculated. Results The air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign were both positive in 212 cases, in which 192 were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 15 with endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR), 2 with additional surgery after EPMR and 3 with surgery only. Either air-induced deformation tesring or lifting sign was negative in 10, in which 4 cases underwent surgical resection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were 97.2%, 44. 4%, 97.6% and 40. 0%, respectively. Conclusion Endoscopic air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign can be used to predict invasion depth of colorectal flat tumors, which can guide instant therapeutic strategies and avoid excessive or insufficient treatments.

Diagnostic Errors ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; Meningioma ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis