Objective To investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.Methods Twenty-eight healthy male rats were injected streptozotocin at dose of 45 mg/kg by tail and be fed with normal diet for 4 weeks,then rats were randomly divided into iscbemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group.ST segment of electrocardiograph changes and arrhythmias of all rats were recorded before ischemia and 0,15,30 minuets after ischemia and 0.5,2 h after reperfusion.TTC staining was performed to determine myocardial infarct size.TUNEL assay was used to assesse cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The expression of antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with I/R group,ST segment elevation of patients in IP group decrease from (0.675 ±0.150) mV to (0.489 ±0.161) mV at 30 min after ischemia(P ＜0.05).Meanwhile the onset of ventricular premature contraction(VPC) in IP group was (18.21 ± 5.36) min,later than that of control group ((6.47 ± 4.28) min,t =5.241,P =0.000).The duration of VPC was (6.07 ± 4.33) min,shorter than that of I/R group ((16.71 ± 5.48) min,t =4.924,P ＜ 0.01)).The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of lP group remarkably decreased compared with I/R group (VT:57.14％ (8/14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =5.600,P =0.018 ; VF:50.00％ (7/ 14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =4.094,P=0.043).The myocardial infarct size in IP group was (12.50 ± 9.45) ％,smaller than that of I/R group ((37.50 ± 11.40)％,t =3.211,P =0.006).Cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (AI) was attenuated in IP group than that of I/R group((24.31 ± 3.12)％ vs.(19.01 ± 4.32)％,t =3.227,P =0.006),which was correlate with increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax((0.103 ±0.045) vs.(0.221 ±0.101),t =2.670,P =0.015).Conclusion IP treatment for diabetic rats shows a protect effect on myocardial I/R injury through attenuating myocardial apoptosis,and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Humans ; Incisor ; Tooth Apex ; abnormalities

Objective To explore the associations of anxiety with optimism ,resilience and related demographic factors in lung cancer patients , and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the level of anxiety and improving the psychosomatic health. Methods A total of 130 lung cancer pa-tients from the department internal medicine of respiratory tumors in Liaoning Cancer Hospital&Institute were investigated by convenience sam-pling method from February 2013 to January 2014. The survey was anonymous. Finally,107 questionnaires were effective,and the effective rate was 82.307%. Results Among lung cancer patients,optimism and resilience were positively and significantly associated with anxiety. Physical ex-ercise had an effect on the anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Optimism and resilience have significant predictive value on the anxiety among lung cancer patients. It is important to encourage lung cancer patients to improve their psychological health ,so as to reduce their anxiety symptoms effec-tively.

ObjectiveTo compare the real-time analgesic effects between two different groups of acupoints in treating primary dysmenorrhea, for providing objective evidences for optimizing the treatment protocol for primary dysmenorrhea.MethodSixty eligible patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into 3 groups: group A received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), group B received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan (CV4), and group C as a blank control group, 20 cases in each group. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was observed prior to the acupuncture treatment, after the insertion of the needles, and after removal of the needles in the three groups.ResultThe VAS scores changed significantly in group A and B after intervention (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the VAS score between group A and B after intervention (P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Sanyinjiao alone and acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan both can produce analgesic effect at the attackof primary dysmenorrhea. However, for optimizing the treatment protocol, selecting Sanyinjiao alone will be enough.

The widely application of the radio knife alleviates the patient's pain and improve the medical quality.The radio knife is high frequency power equipment based on the theory that electricity concentrates on the skin.It can directly cut the tissue,homeostasis and cauterize.The safety requirement of this equipment is very strict because unsafe operation will burn the tissue,cause temporal unaware hurt and even endanger the patient's life.If the safety support system is imperfect,disastrous loss or medical conflict will be caused.Users must be cautious in using and familiar with the safety and protection of the radio knife.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):96-98,104]

Objective To investigate the role of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in the protective effects of hydrogen gas (H2) on acute lung injury (ALI) in a mouse model of sepsis.Methods Eighty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n =20 per group):sham surgery group,H2 control group (sham + H2 inhalation),sepsis model group and H2 treatment group (sepsis + H2 inhalation).The mouse model of sepsis was created by cecal ligation puncture (CLP),and the mice in sham surgery group didn't undergo cecal ligation and puncture.The mice in the H2 inhalation groups received inhalation of 2％ H2 for 1 hour at 1 hour and 6 hours after CLP or sham surgery,respectively.Ten mice in each group were selected and subjected to Evans blue (EB) test to evaluate the pulmonary endothelial permeability at 24 hours after CLP operation.The rest of 10 mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 hours after CLP operation,the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the measurement of protein concentration,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) content,and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)counts.The lung tissues were obtained to determine the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) was calculated,the lung pathological changes in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained sections were evaluated under a light microscope,the activity of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway and expression of zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1) were detected by Western Blot,and the distribution and expression of ZO-1 were also examined by immunofluorescence staining.Results There was no statistical difference in the above indexes between the sham surgery group and the H2 control group.Compared with the sham surgery group,the sepsis group demonstrated significant increases in the concentrations of protein,TNF-α,IL-1 β and PMN counts in BALF,the lung EB and MDA content,W/D ratio,the ratio of Rho-GTP/total Rho,the expressions of ROCK1 and ROCK2,the ratio of phosphorylated-myosine phosphatae targeting subunit 1 (p-MYPT1)/MYPT1,and significant decreases in the lung SOD activity and ZO-1 expression.Compared with the sepsis group,the H2 treatment group showed statistically significant decreases in the concentrations of protein,TNF-α,IL-1 β,PMN counts in BALF [protein (g/L):3.12 ± 0.33 vs.6.37±0.56,TNF-o(ng/L):128.45± 17.33 vs.563.83±61.72,IL-1β (ng/L):75.76± 14.35 vs.245.52±30.56,PMN counts (× 105/L):7.46± 1.34 vs.18.55± 5.73],and permeability of lung [EB concentration (μg/g):73.33±6.98vs.144.83± 12.38],the lung MDA content (mmol/g:3.66±0.53 vs.6.04± 1.13),the lung W/D ratio (5.02± 0.34 vs.7.26 ±0.56),the ratio of Rho-GTP/total Rho,the expressions of ROCK1 and ROCK2,the ratio of p-MYPT1/MYPT1 [Rho-GTP/total Rho:(43.12 ± 4.69)％ vs.(68.82± 5.44)％,ROCK1 (gray value):2.42 ± 0.42 vs.6.03 ± 0.64,ROCK2(gray value):2.56± 0.52 vs.4.85 ± 0.53,p-MYPT1/MYPT1:(57.83 ± 8.67)％ vs.(112.50± 13.43)％],and statistically significant increases in the lung SOD activity (kU/g:18.58± 1.68 vs.13.31±2.20) as well as the expression of ZO-1 (gray value:0.61 ± 0.07 vs.0.32 ± 0.06,fluorescence intensity:0.77 ± 0.06 vs.0.54 ± 0.05;all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,lung HE staining showed that there were obvious lung injuries in the sepsis group which were alleviated in the H2 treatment group.Conclusion H2 could improve endothelial permeability and suppress inflammation and oxidative stress to alleviate ALI in septic mice through inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.

Objective Based on the traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and sharing system, to explore the application of famous doctor Yu Ying'ao's regulating the liver method. Methods The medical records of Yu Ying'ao from the outpatient department of Chinese Academy of Sciences were used as the data source. The traditional Chinese medical knowledge service and information sharing system(V1.1.5) was applied to construct database. The regulating liver core combination of drugs, drug application mode, and combined treatment of diseases and syndromes were determined by analysis methods of frequency and association rules. Results The use of regulating liver method was often used in the treatment of irregular menstruation, cirrhosis, pain and other diseases. Differentiation of liver qi stagnation, blood stasis, liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, liver and kidney deficiency were the main TCM syndromes. Treatment included Tongluo, nourishing Yin treatment. The core drugs were Bupleurum and Rhizoma Cyperi. Conclusions The use of traditional Chinese medical service and knowledge sharing system could explore the clinical diagnosis and medication rules of regulating liver methods.

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

Objective To evaluate bacteriophage therapy for gut-derived sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in mice.Methods Lyric phages of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from environment by using double-layer agar method.A murine model of gut-derived sepsis was established by oral administration of ampicillin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and injection of ampicillin and cyclophosphamide into peritoneal cavities of mice.Bacteriophage therapy were given 1 d before infection (group 1),2 d(group 2) and 6 d(group 3) after infection.The survival of the mice was observed,mice without bacteriophage therapy were as control.Independent-sample t test was performed to compare inflammatory cytokines levels in peripheral blood and liver,number of bacteria in liver and spleen between mice with and without bacteriophage therapy.Results The minimal lethal dose of Acinetobacter baumannii for mice with gut-derived sepsis was 1 × 107 CFU/mL.The survival of the mice in group 2 (4/6 survived),which were treated with bacteriophage 2 d after inoculation of Acinetobacter baumannii,was higher than those of group 1 (2/6 survived),group 3 (3/6 survived) and the control group (phage-untreated,0/6 survived).Interleukin (IL)-1 β,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood in mice with bacteriophage therapy were (105 ±6) ng/L,(105 ± 11) ng/L and (104 ± 12)ng/L,which were lower than those in control group (t =5.04,9.05 and 9.33,P ＜ 0.01) ; IL-1 β and TNF-α in liver of mice with bacteriophage therapy were (104 ± 9) ng/L and (104 ± 11) ng/L,which were lower than those in the controls (t =13.70 and 12.80,P ＜0.01),but IL-6 levels were not of statistical difference between therapy and control groups (t =1.06,P ＞ 0.05).Number of bacteria in liver and spleen in mice with bacteriophage therapy were (2.9 ± 1.3) × 103CFU/g and (8.3 ±7.6) × 102 CFU/g,which were also lower than those in control group (t =9.16 and 8.96,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Bacteriophage therapy can be effective against gut-derived sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

Objective To investigate the value of Real-time PCR in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis(IA) and to compare it with galactomannan antigen assays.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 110 episodes of hospitalization of 88 patients who were at risk of invasive aspergillosis at Peking University First and Renmin Hospital from May 2008 to December 2010.23 cases with diagnosis and clinical diagnosis IA were classified as infection group and 87 cases with suspected diagnosis and non-IA were classified as non-infeciton group according to the international criterion.Real-time PCR and gaiactomannan antigen detections were performed on 257 serum samples.A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)was developed based on the quantitative cycle numbers and an optimal cut off value of quantification cycle (Cq) was determined.The sensitivity (Se),specificity (Sp),positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated under different considerations among which McNemar chi-square tests were used for statistical analyze.Results The area under ROC curve of Real-time PCR for the diagnosis of IA was 0.91 (95％ CI:0.825-0.995) and the optimal cut off value of Cq was 39.45.The Se and Sp of one positive PCR,two positive PCR,one positive GM and two positive GM were 87.0％,79.3％ ; 58.3％,97.8％ ; 78.3％,63.2％ ; and 58.3％,82.6％,respectively.When one positive PCR was considered as the diagnostic criterion of IA,Real-time PCR was able to diagnose 100％ and 84.2％ of proven and probable IA cases,respectively.The Sp of one/two positive PCR were statistically higher than one/two positive GM (P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The Sp of two positive PCR was statistically higher than one positive PCR (P ＜0.05).The Se and Sp were 65.2％,89.7％ and 100％,52.3％ for one positive PCR combined one positive GM and one PCR or GM positive,respectively.Conclusions Real-time PCR assays have better sensitivities and specificities than GM in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis.When two PCR positive were considered,better specificity and positive predictive value were achieved.