Cohort studies are important observational epidemiological studies. In this perspective, we briefly introduced several ongoing prospective cohort studies of cardiometabolic diseases in China and in the U. S. , which have shaped our current understanding of cardiometabolic diseases. We hope that this perspective could shed lights on the research of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Child ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroiditis, Suppurative ; pathology

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and safety of Yanhuning injection in the treatment of bronchial pneumonia in children.Methods 102 cases of bronchial pneumonia were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,51 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional treatment, the observation group was given Yanhuning injection on the basis of the treatment of control group.The clinical efficacy after treatment,clinical symptoms and signs disappeared time and adverse drug reaction were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group after treatment,the cured,improvement,invalid cases were 27 cases, 23 cases,1 case,the total effective rate was 98.04%,which in the control group were 18 cases,25 cases,8 cases,the total effective rate was 84.31%.The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 =5.97,P <0.05).The cough asthma,shadows in the lungs,pulmonary rales and heating time in the observation group were (5.19 ±2.31)days,(6.00 ±1.86)days,(5.16 ±1.51)days,(2.07 ±0.85)days, which were significantly shorter than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =4.23, 5.01,3.95,384,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse drug reactions in the observation group was 25.49%, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with the control group (P >0.05).Conclusion Yan-huning injection for the treatment of children with bronchial pneumonia can significantly improve the clinical curative effect,shorten the disappearance time of the clinical symptoms and signs,the curative effect is reliable,high security.

Objective To discuss CT and MRI performance and pathologic features about pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)con‐firmed by pathology which improves the PMP diagnosis level .Methods The CT and MRI informations about five cases with pseud‐omyxoma peritonei confirmed by abdominal puncture or surgery were analyzed retrospectively .Analyze the CT and MRI performance and clinical pathologic characteristics .Results In 5 cases ,one case of appendiceal mucous adenocarcinoma ,one case of acute appendi‐citis surgeried 2 years ago ,one case without any primary tumor ,one case of duodenal mucous adenocarcinoma ,one case of bilateral ovarian cancer with intra‐abdominal separated cystic lesion and/or peritoneal diffuse pie “frozen abdomen” change showed by CT , MRI ,and one case with pressure trace like scallops sample and multiple nodular around liver and spleen .Conclusion The lesion area and the shape of peritoneum pseudo myxoma can be showed by CT ,MRI scans .There is a certain special imaging feature .

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of montelukast sodium in the treatment of cough vari-ant asthma in children,to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods 128 cases of children with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 64 cases.The control group with routine measures for the treatment of asthma in children for treatment,the observation group in the control group based on the treatment regimen,plus montelukast sodium chawing treatment.The changes of the two groups were compared after 12 weeks of treatment,the clinical efficacy and lung function indexes before and after treatment.Through 6 months of follow -up,the recurrence of the disease between the two groups after treatment.Results The effective rate in the observation group was 43.75%,the total effective rate was 93.75%,which were significantly higher than those of the control group (χ2 =4.53,P <0.05);the two groups after treatment of FEV1 ,FVC,FEV1 /FVC,PEF and PEF during the day at night were significantly higher than those before treatment (t =4.11,3.23,3.82,5.12,3.12,5.54,4.31, 4.98,6.22,4.45,all P <0.05);After treatment,the FEV1 [(3.08 ±0.43)L],FVC[(3.89 ±0.52)L],FEV1 /FVC [(75.95 ±6.51)%],PEF day[(3.24 ±0.91 )L/s],PEF for the night[(3.51 ±1.01 )L/s]of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t =3.67,3.10,3.43,2.92,3.01,all P <0.05);The recurrence rate of the observation group was 3.13%,which was significantly lower than that of the control group (χ2 =4.82,P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical efficacy of montelukast can significantly improve cough variant asthma in children,improve children's lung function,reduce the recurrence rate of cough variant asthma.

Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of microbe?derived antioxidant on sleep and antioxidant ability in mice. Methods Sixty male Kunming mice with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group received normal saline, and the experimental groups received microbe?derived antioxidant in a dose of 0?5 g/kg bw, 1?0 g/kg bw or 1?5 g/kg bw once per day, respectively. The experiment period was 30 days. At the end of experiment, the mice of each group were intraperitoneally injected sodium pentobarbital to induce sleep. The mice fall sleep was judged by righting reflex. After the test of sleep, blood was taken for detection of serum antioxidant ability. Results Compared with the low dose and high dose groups, the middle dose group showed a significantly prolonged sodium pentobarbital?induced sleeping time (P<0?05). Compared with the control group, low and high dose groups, the middle dose group had highly significantly increased GSH?Px activity ( P <0?01 ) and significantly increased content of SOD. Under these conditions, the middle dose group reduced both the contents of MDA and 8?ISO?PGF2α ( P<0?05 ) compared with the control group. Conclusions Our results suggest that microbe?derived antioxidant exerts effect on sleep and antioxidant ability in rats. Supplement of 1?0 g/kg bw/d shows the most significant effects.

The paper firstly introduces the research status of autism and analyzes the gap between China and the US in autism net-work service, proposes using the mainstream socialized Q&A community data in foreign countries to construct an autism Q&A knowledge base.It introduces data collection, management, service process and key issues of the knowledge base and gives application examples of the knowledge services.Construction of this knowledge base can provide targeted and valuable knowledge services to users and can help enhance the retrieval efficiency.

To a certain extent, itemized government subsidies to public hospitals, primarily used for hospital infra-structure and large equipment investments, can alleviate the financial pressure of development expenditures and thus re-duce the medical expenditure burden on patients. To test the hypothesis, the panel data method has been adopted based on the data of 23 tertiary hospitals. Empirical results find that:(1) increases in itemized subsidies will reduce the burden of medical expenses on patients;(2) conversely, the impact of itemized subsidies on outpatient medical expenses is more sig-nificant. By sharing a portion of public hospital expenses and impacting hospital service providing behavior, itemized sub-sidies help to reduce the burden of medical expenses on patients.

Objective To evaluate the CT findings and diagnostic value of splenic lymphoma.Methods 15 cases of splenic lymphoma proved by clinical or pathohistological evidence and examined with plain and enhanced CT scans were retrospectively analyzed with literature reviewed.Results Of 15 cases of splenic lymphoma,The CT findings of splenic lymphoma included:5 cases of Solitary pattern displayed as a uniform density,solitary lesion in the liver with mildle uniform enhancement or peripheral enhancement;8 cases of multiple nodular patterndemonstrated multiple,round-like or lobular lesions with uniform density(in most lesions) with clear margin,and with mildle uniformenhancement or peripheral enhancement after contrast medium administration;2 cases of diffuse pattern showed diffuse enlargement of thespleen with hypodensity or miliary low-density foci.Of 15 cases of hepatic lymphoma,the lesion extended out of spleen in 9 cases.Conclusion The CT findings of splenic lymphoma are of certain characteristics,the presence of abdominal lymphoma is also helpful tosuggest the diagnosis.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of phthalates in water by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPE-GC-MS).Methods The water samples were extracted and enriched by solid phasse extraction,using 10%methanol-methyl tert-butyl ether as eluant,dimethylphthalate(DMP),diethylphthalate(DEP),dibutylphthalate (DBP)and diethylhexylphthalate(DEHP)were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring mode(SIM).Results The concentration had a good linear range in the range of 0.00~10.00?g/ml,the correlation coefficient was above 0.998.The detection limit of DMP,DEP,DBP and DEHP were 2.7,2.1,1.6 and 2.5 ng/L respectively,the average recovery rate and the RSD of the method were 78.0%～102.5%and 3.3%～7.8%respectively.Conclusion This method,with small amount of solvent,is simple,fast,accurate and is applicable to the determination of phthalates in water.