OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic drug use in our hospital where the authors work in order to provide the reference for scientific management and rational use of these drugs. METHODS: The yearly amount of narcotic drugs administered in the whole hospital, the yearly amount in the separate departments, as well as drug expenditures and ratios between January 2002 and November 2005 were added up and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The amount of bucinnazine use dominated in the first. The amount of morphine for oral use was increasing year by year. The amount of fentangl transdernal patch use was also bigger and increasing rapidly. However, the amount of pethidine and morphine for injection use was decreasing. CONCLUSION:Analgetics for oral and transdermal use will be the main categories of analgetics in the future.

In order to investigate the effect of deep brain stimulation on diseases such as epilepsy, we developed a closed-loop electrical stimulation system using LabVIEW virtual instrument environment and NI data acquisition card. The system was used to detect electrical signals of epileptic seizures automatically and to generate electrical stimuli. We designed a novel automatic detection algorithm of epileptic seizures by combining three features of field potentials: the amplitude, slope and coastline index. Experimental results of rat epileptic model in the hippocampal region showed that the system was able to detect epileptic seizures with an accuracy rate 91.3% and false rate 8.0%. Furthermore, the on-line high frequency electrical stimuli showed a suppression effect on seizures. In addition, the system was adaptive and flexible with multiple work modes, such as automatic and manual modes. Moreover, the simple time-domain algorithm of seizure detection guaranteed the real-time feature of the system and provided an easy-to-use equipment for the experiment researches of epilepsy control by electrical stimulation.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; instrumentation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; Equipment Design ; Rats ; Seizures ; diagnosis

Objective To preliminarily analyze the credibility and validity of Chinese Medical Constitution Questionnaire(CMCQ).Methods CMCQ was used to investigate the distribution of Chinese medical constitution types of 450 women inpatients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery from March to October of 2013.Credibility and validity were analyzed by Cronbach's α coefficient and factor analysis.Results Mixed constitution was identified in 184 (40.9％) patients.Cronbach's α coefficient of two dimensions (yang deficiency and qi stagnation) of CMCQ was proper,being 0.815 and 0.803 respectirely,while that of the dimension of harmony type was the lowest (0.514).The total variance explained by 9 common factors extracted from the results of factor analysis was only 48.5％.Conclusion CMCQ may need further revision based on the results of clinical application.

Objective To review the clinical features of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in elderly Chinese patients.Methods A literature search was conducted with the key wordsdrug-induced liver injury ordrug-induced liver disease andelderly; four Chinese medical databases were used:including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP),Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),from when the bases established to December 2011.Data from retrieved literatures of retrospective controlled studies of DILI were analyzed by SPSS 14.0 software.Results Five studies met the inclusion criteria,including 275 elderly patients (aged group) and 602 non-elderly patients (non-aged group) with DILL There was no significant difference in gender between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Clinical manifestations of jaundice,fatigue,anorexia,and skin itching were more commonly seen in the aged group (P ＜ 0.01).Cholestatic hepatic injury occurred more frequently in the aged group than in the non-aged group [24.9％ (61/245) vs.18.8％ (102/245),P ＜ 0.05],while hepatocellular type occurred more frequently in the non-aged group [64.3％ (350/544) vs.55.1％ (135/245),P ＜ 0.05].More DILI were induced by Chinese herb medicine and cardiovascular drugs in the aged group than in the non-aged group [47.0％ (79/168) vs.35.9％ (93/254) and 8.3％ (14/168) vs 1.2％ (3/259) respectively,P ＜ 0.05].As for the prognosis,there was no significant difference in clinical cure and improvement rate between the two groups [84.4％ (141/167) vs.81.5％ (291/357),P ＞0.05].Conclusion The elderly are more sensitive to the drugs and have a high risk of DILI.Prevention and timely diagnosis and treatment of DILI are particularly important for elderly patients.

Objective: To study the influence of high cell incubating temperature on AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) activity and lipid metabolites of piglets hepatocytes in vitro.Method: Primary hepatocytes of piglets about age 55d were separated and cultured under 37 ℃(control) or 42 ℃(heat stress).The anabolic and catabolic products of [14C]-oleic acid were detected for hepatocytes and culture media at 60min,120min and 180min.There were 9 replicates per time point.Result: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced fatty acid oxidation.The production of [14C]-CO2 and [14C]-acid soluble metabolites(ASM) was higher in heat stress group than in the control.At the same time,heat stress depressed the incorporation of [14C]-oleate into phospholipids,monoglycerides,triglycerides,cholesterol and cholesteryl ester.Conclusion: Heat stress activated AMPK activity and enhanced the formation of anabolic products and depressed catabolic products in piglets hepatocytes in vitro.

Objective: To study the preparation technique and release characteristic of 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres for the intranasal administration. Methods:Using the liquid paraffin as the oil phase,and span-80 as the emuifier; 5- fluorouracil-loaded chitosan microspheres were achieved by emulsion-chemical crosslink technique. The orthogonal experimental design was applied to optimize the preparation procedure. Dynamic dialysis method was used to determine the releasing characteristic of microspheres in vitro and it influencing fators.Swelling behavior was expressed by swelling ratio.The degree of mucoadhesion was investigated by determining the mucociliary transport rate(MTR) of the microparticle across a frog palate. Results: Microspheres with a good shape and narrow size distribution were prepared. The average diameter was (43?4) ?m. The drug loading was 38.5%? 1.0%. The entrapment efficiency was 79.0%?1.8%.The drug release profile in vitro could be described by Higuichi eqution Q=0.1035t 1/2 +0.0284 (r=0.9965). Chitosan had good mucoadhesive property and caused a siginificant reduction in MTR(P

Objective To study the anti-dermatophytic effect of chitosan-acetate solution and to determine the antifungal MIC. Methods To determine the antifungal MIC of chitosan and acetic acid by agar dilution method,respectively. Results Both antifungi MIC of chitosan to Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans were 2500mg?L~ -1 ,and to Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Microsporum gypseum,C. albicans were 5000mg?L~ -1;while the antifungi MIC of acetic acid to Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans were 630mg?L~ -1, to Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Microsporum gypseum,Candida albicans were 1260mg?L~ -1. Conclusion Chitosan and acetic acid show inhibitory effect on the growth of dermatophytes.

Objective To research patients with ophthalmologic perioperative information systems, strengthening the information management of nursing work, achieving consensus and sharing of health care information resources, and then to explore the clinical application effects of this ophthalmologic peri- opera-tive information systems. Methods The convenient sampling method was used in the study. The control group was consisted of 1 740 patients in our hospital from January to March 2013 (before the application of ophthalmologic perioperative information systems). The observation group included 2 078 patients of the same hospital (after the application of ophthalmologic perioperative information systems). The control group adopted routine pre- operative information acquisition method, the observation group applied ophthalmologic perioperative information systems, which included input function, reading function and statistical function. The incidence rate of canceled operation and satisfaction were compared between two groups. Results Ophthalmologic peri- operative information systems provided patients with information gathering, query and analysis in different periods. The rate of the canceled operation reduced in the observation group from 3.74% (65/1 740) to 2.69% (56/2 078) in the control group, χ2=3.91, P<0.05. The satisfaction degree increased from 91.84 % (1 598/1 740) in the observation group to 96.78% (2 011/2 078) in the control group, χ2=44.60, P<0.05, the difference was statistically different. The hospitalization days from April to September in 2013 shortened compared with those of the same period in 2012. Conclusions Ophthalmologic peri- operative information systems promotes the scientific and informatization of nursing information, which is worthy of wide clinic application.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Zhenqing Recipe (ZQR) on non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and the expression of hepatic salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) and sterol-regulatory element binding protein-ic (SREBP-lc) in type 2 diabetes rats.

METHODSA rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by high fat/sucrose diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of small dose streptozotocin (STZ) . Modeled rats were randomly divided into the model group, the ZQR group, and the metformin group, 8 in each group. Eight rats were recruited as a normal control group. ZQR at the daily dose of 12 g crude drugs/kg was administered to rats in the ZQR group by gastrogavage. Metformin suspension at the daily dose of 150 mg/kg was administered to rats in the metformin group by gastrogavage. Equal volume of distilled water was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. All medication lasted for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), free fatty acid (FFA), serum triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected. The body weight and wet liver weight were weighed, and the liver weight index calculated. The liver TG content was measured. The pathological changes of liver and the expression of SIK1 were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 and SREBP-1c were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, FBG, FFA, TG, TC, ALT, AST, liver weight index, and liver TG contents significantly increased (P < 0.01); liver steatosis was severe, the mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 obviously decreased (P < 0.01); mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c increased (P < 0.01). After drug therapy, compared with the model group, FBG, FFA, TG, TC, ALT, AST, and liver weight index significantly decreased, liver TG contents significantly decreased, the mRNA and protein expression of SIK1 obviously increased, while mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the ZQR group and the metformin group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and the pathological changes were also improved. All the indices were improved more in the ZQR group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn this experiment, we found that the expression of SIK1 decreased in NAFL rats with type 2 diabetes. ZQR could alleviate lesion of NAFL type 2 diabetes rats possibly by up-regulating hepatic SIK1 expression at mRNA and protein levels.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fatty Liver ; complications ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; metabolism