Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thalamic Diseases ; therapy

Adenoid hypertrophy is a disease that mostly occurs among children of 3-5 years old. It is caused by repeated inflammation and infection of nasopharynx and its adjoin parts, or the adenoid itself, which will finally leads to pathological hyperplasia of adenoid. With so much information we have acquired about this disease, its specific mechanism remains unknown. In recent years, some researches have indicated that adenoid hypertrophy may have something to do with extra-gastroesophageal reflux, in which pepsin plays a very important role, and pepsin will do a series of pathological damages to the upper airway as it reaches the upper respiratory tract. Based on relative domestic and foreign literature, this paper attempts to make a review about the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and adenoid hypertrophy.
Adenoids ; pathology ; Child ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; complications ; Nasopharynx ; pathology ; Pepsin A ; metabolism

Animals ; Benzodiazepines ; pharmacology ; Ducks ; physiology ; Growth Hormone ; blood ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; metabolism ; Serum ; metabolism ; Weight Gain ; drug effects

Objective To explore the association between the polymorphisms of TSC1,TSC2,PTEN genes and autism in Chinese Han population.Methods 274 autism patients and 386 heahh controls were recruited,and SnaPshot technique was used to genotype the 13 tagSNPs of TSC1,TSC2 and PTEN genes.The allele,genotype and haplotype frequencies of the SNPs were compared using SHEsis and SNPStats softwares.Results Mter Bonferroni correction,the allele distribution of rs2809244 (TSC1) (x2 =9.537,P=0.002,adjusted P=0.016),rs1050700 (TSC1) (x2 =9.313,P=0.002,adjusted P=0.016),rs2072314(TSC2) (P＜0.01,adjusted P＜0.01) and rs8063461 (TSC2) (P＜0.01,adjusted P＜0.01)showed significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05).The genotype frequencies of rs2072314(TSC2)and rs8063461(TSC2) showed significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Moreover,the frequency of haplotype A-G (OR =14.548,95％ CI =5.450-38.830) in the haplotype block rs2809244-rs3761840 showed significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05),A-G significantly increases the risk of autism.The frequencies of haplotype A-A (OR=0.608,95％ CI =0.409-0.903,P=0.013),G-A (OR=7.812,95％ CI =5.338-11.459,P＜0.01)and G-G (OR=0.356,95％ CI =0.274-0.463,P＜0.01) in the haplotype block rs2074969-rs8063461 were identified,which were significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05),and AA and G-G significantly reduced but G-A increased the risk of autism.Conclusion The polymorphisms of TSC1 and TSC2 genes might associate with autism in Chinese Han population.

According to the requirements of the ‘three guidance’ talent-cultivation model pro-posed by our university, humanistic spirit was permeated from multi angels during the process of phys-iology. Students'occupation quality was cultivated; physiology knowledge and clinical practice was combined for students; early contacting with clinical knowledge was conducted and teacher-student role reversal method was applied to train students' communication skills. Teaching practice showed that the reformed teaching model not only can ensure the quality of teaching but also can improve the comprehensive quality of students.

Objective To measure and conduct statistic analysis of normal eyes by Pentacam. Methods Two hundred and twenty-one healthy people (442 eyes) underwent examinations of Pentacam, and they were divided into 5 groups by age: <40 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 40-49 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 50-59 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes), 60-69 years old group (50 people, 100 eyes) and >70 years old group (21 people, 42 eyes). Results With the increase of age, there were significant differences in chamber volume, chamber angle and anterior chamber depth among age groups (P<0.05). In elder age groups, there were significant differences in these parameters between males and females (P<0.01). Conclusion Anterior segment parameters are significantly correlated with age. After 60 years old, the anterior segment parameters become significantly different with gender.

Compared with normal tissues and cells, the tumor microenvironment has significant differences. For example, glutathione-related metabolic enzymes and reactive oxygen species are highly expressed in different subcellular structures, resulting in an unbalanced redox state. Aiming at the specific redox state in tumor tissues and cells, a series of small molecule prodrug self-assembled nanoparticles can be designed and connected by intelligent response linkers including disulfide bonds, sulfide bonds, and selenium bonds, thioketal bonds, etc. The in vitro and in vivo efficiency and metabolic mode of these nanoparticles are related to the type of linker. This review will summarize the tumor redox microenvironment, the design of intelligent responsive small molecule prodrug nanoparticles, and the metabolic pathways of small molecule prodrug nanoparticles with different connecting linkers and their relationship with drug efficacy.

T_4 was coupled to human serum albumin(HSA)to make the conjugate T_4-HSA,a polyvalent T_4 analogue rather than monovalent T_4 per se alone.A new strategy for sandwich enzyme immunoassay model system of small molecular hapten hormones FT_4 was developed,such as intra-assay CV,inter-assay CV,average recovery, normal and abnormal values were fit for clinical application.The sensitivity was as much as 10 times higher than conventional competitive enzyme immunoassay.

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive vascular ultrasound is used to assess in tima-media thickness (IMT) and atheromatous plaque, of which the result is better correlated to that of pathological examination. OBJECTIVE: Non-invasive vascular ultrasound was used to assess the hemodynamical changes of external and internal carotid in hypertensive elders, so as to investigate the relationship between pulse pressures, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), vascular resistance index (VRI) and shearing ratio. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, correlative analyzedstudy. SETTING: Ultrasound Department of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangshu University. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 54 hypertensive elders, including 33 males and 21 females, were recruited from the Ultrasound Department of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangshu University, from September 30th 2000 to March 30th 2002. Meanwhile 26 normotensive elders (systolic pressure ＜ 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic pressure ＜ 85 mm Hg), including 16 males and 10 females, were selected as controls, METHODS: Color duplex blood flow imaging technique was used to assess the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and the interventricular septum thickness (IVST), so as to calculate the LVMI. The insiddiameter of bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid,IMT, the systolic peak flow velocity and resistance index were measured in order to calculate the vascular shearing ratio and atheromatous plaque index,moreover arterial pressure, LVMI, as well as resistance index and shearing ratio were subjected to linear correlative analysis,of which the results were compared with that of control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Pulse pressure, LVMI and atheromatous plaque index of CCA. ② The inside diameter of bilateral CCA and internal carotid, IMT and the systolic peak flow velocity and resistance index were measured in order to calculate the atheromatous plaque index and maximum vascular shearing ratio. RESULTS: According to the experimental objective,data of all 80 cases were analyzed without loss. ① The pulse pressure and LVMI, the incidence of atheromatous plaque and plaque index of CCA in hypertensive elder group were obviously higher than that of control group [(64.36±7.44) mm Hg,(45.78±8.72) mm Hg; (131.47±18.73) g/m2, (83.28±12.34) g/m2; 5.62 ±1.78,3.44±1.10; 66.7％, 23.1％, (x2=13.37, t=5.730-13.234, P ＜ 0.01)]. ② The inside diameter of bilateral CCA and internal carotid, IMT and resistance index in hypertensive elders were significantly higher than that of control group [CCA: (8.96±1.20) mm, (8.08±0.96) mm; (1.28±0.88) mm, (0.91±0.17) mm;0.75±0.05, 0.69±0.06; ICA: (6.82±1.12) mm, (5.72±0.92) mm; (1.06±0.17) mm,(0.76±0.15) mm; 0.70±0.07, 0.64±0.06, t=2.872-10.850, P ＜ 0.01], but the systolic peak flow velocity and shearing ratio were markedly lower than that of control group [CCA: (47.44±12.85) cm/s, (60.20±14.32) cm/s;(225.78 ±95.76)/s, (300.26 ±110.42)/s. ICA: (41.22 ±10.18) cm/s,(48.64±11.58) cm/s; (268.54±112.56)/s, (324.52±121.42)/s, t=2.872-10.850, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ The pulse pressure, LVMI, the resistance index of CCA and ICA and shearing ratio were linearly correlated (r=0.30-0.36, P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pulse pressure and LVMI were found increased in hypertensive elders, together with carotid vessels dilated, IMT and resistance index increased, as well as shearing ratio decreased, atheromatous plaque formed, vascular stiffness increased, which resulted in consequently decrease of vascular compliance.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of theaflavins on thymus injury caused by total body irradiation (TBI).Methods Twenty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,4 Gy TBI group,4 Gy TBI + 25 mg/kg theaflavins group,4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group and 4 Gy TBI + 100 mg/kg theaflavins group.Thymus index and total number of thymocytes were detected at the 14th d post-irradiation to determine the optimal dose of theaflavins.According to this optimal dose,32 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,theaflavins group,4 Gy TBI group and 4 Gy TBI + theaflavins group.Thymus histomorphology,CD4CD8 T cell subsets,and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in thymocytes were examined at the 14th d post-irradiation.Results The irradiated thymus exhibited decreased thymus index and total number of thymocytes (P ＜ 0.05),aberrant histomorphology and T cell subsets (P ＜ 0.05),and increased ROS level in thymocytes (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 4 Gy TBI group,the thymus index and total number of thymocytes were significantly increased in 4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).The total number of thymocytes was significantly higher in 4 Gy TBI + 50 mg/kg theaflavins group than that in 4 Gy TBI + 25 mg/kg theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).Therefore,50 mg/kg theaflavins was chosen as the optimal dose for subsequent experiments.Moreover,the aberrant histomorphology of irradiated thymus was alleviated by theaflavins.A decline in the percentage of CD4-CD8-T cells and an elevation of CD4+CD8-and CD4+CD8+ T cells were found in irradiated mice administered with theaflavins (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 4 Gy TBI group,the ROS level was significantly decreased in 4 Gy TBI + theaflavins group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Theaflavins exhibits a protective effect on radiation-induced thymus injury.