Objective To systematically evaluate the safety of high dose atorvastatin (80 mg daily) in Chinese patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating 80 mg/ d atorvastatin vs. low-dose atorvastatin or placebo or blank were electionically retrieved in date bases of EMbase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, WanFang, CNKI and WeiPu. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5. 2 and Stata 11. 0 software. Results A total of 20 RCTs involving 2282 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed no significant differences betweent the 80 mg/ d atorvastatin group and the control group in the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (RR 1. 53, 95% CI 0. 85-2. 76, P = 0. 16), hepatic adverse events (RR 1. 53, 95% CI 0. 99 - 2. 36, P = 0. 05), muscular adverse events (RR 1. 51, 95% CI 0. 92 -2. 49, P = 0. 10), serious hepatic injuries ( RR 2. 33,95% CI 0. 88 - 6. 20, P = 0. 09) and serious muscular myopathies (RR 1. 40, 95% CI 0. 46 - 4. 30, P = 0. 56). Subgroup analysis by type of cotrast media used and durations of taking 80 mg/ d atorvastatin showed there were higher risks of gastrointestinal adverse events in the 80 mg/ d group when compared to blank control ( RR 4. 22, 95% CI 1. 11 - 16. 04, P = 0. 03). Conclusions The current evidence shows that 80 mg / d atorvastatin may be relatively safe in terms of adverse events in gastrointestinal tract, liver and muscular system, and relatively has risk in causing severe liver injuries and myopathies. With limited quantity and quality from the RCTs available, more high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Objective To summarize the safety and clinical therapeutic effect of advanced aged coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods The clinical data,arteriography and the interventional results of 9 aged patients with angina recurrence treated by CABG were retrospectively analyzed .Results There were 8 patients received intervention ,among them 5 patients received coronary artery intervention , another 3 patients received graft vessels intervention .During operation and hospitaliza-tion,angina recurrence,acute myocardial infarction,revascularization,complication and mortality were not observed in 8 patients who received intervention .All patients were followed up for 12 months,there were 3 patients had angina recurrence and cured by drugs , but had no acute myocardial infarction and revascularization .Conclusion The intervention for advanced aged patients after CABG is a safe and effective treatment .The advanced aged patients with angina recurrence need receive arteriography quickly and receive coronary artery interventional treatment or graft vessels interventional treatment .

Objective To detect the microsatellite instability (MSI) of D9S166,D9S171,D9S941, D9S942 and IFNA located at chromosome 9p21 in gastric carcinoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissue,and investigate the correlation of p14,p15,p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis. Methods 55 cases of gastric carcinoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and normal tissue were se- lected to detect MSI by microdissection,polymerase chain reaction,denaturing polyaerylamide gel elec- trophoresis and silver nitrate staining technology of five microsatellite markers on 9p21.Results In the infor- mative cases,total ratio of MSI in gastric carcinoma was 27 % (64/233) and it was 18% (42/233) in high- grade intraepithelial neoplasia.The ratio of MSI was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than that in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (P

Objective To study the changes and significance of serum beta 2-microglobulin(?2-MG),cytocine interleukin-2(IL-2) in the clinical progress of childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods One hundred and ten patients of childhood ITP were chosen for the test group(70 cases of primary ITP and 40 cases of recurrent ITP),and 110 normal children for the control group.Levels of serum ?2-MG and IL-2 were determined by radioimmunoassay kit and analysed with two sample t-test.Results Among the patients,the serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower and serum ?2-MG levels were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Determining serum IL-2 and ?2-MG levels has important significance to reflect the progress of disease and direct treatment.

Objective To evaluate the role of the beta3 subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Scn3b) in neuropathic pain in mice.Methods The target gene Scn3b was embedded in the vector pBROAD-mcs and pBROAD3-mcs-Scn3b plasmid was then obtained.The primary mice were bred.The primary mice mated with C57/B6 mice and the transgenic mice were then generated.DNA,RT-PCR and Western blot experiments were performed to confirm the mice in which Scn3b was over-expressed.The mice with Scn3b over-expression multiplied rapidly to carry out the follow-up experiment.Ten transgenic mice (Scn3b group) and 10 control mice in the same litter (Con group) of both sexes,aged 2 months,weighing 25-30 g,were randomly chosen to establish the model of neuropathic pain.The mechanical pain threshold was measured before operation and on 3,5,7 and 14 days after operation.Results There was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold at each time point between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Scn3b is not involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain in mice.

Objective To explore the effect of scoliosis-specific exercises ( SSE) on patients with mild ado-lescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS) . Methods Thirty patients with mild AIS were assigned to a control group ( n=10) or an SSE group ( n=20) . The control group received routine health education, while the SSE group completed a 60-minute set of SSE 2 to 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The angle of trunk rotation ( ATR) , maximum Cobb angle and angle of vertebral rotation (AVR) were recorded. Bone strength parameters including the speed of sound (SOS), Z-score and percentile distal radius were measured. Surface electromyography ( sEMG) was performed for the erector spinae muscle. In addition, forced vital capacity ( FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1) were measured and compared with the predicted values ( FVC/pred% and FEV1pred%) . A falling index ( FI) and quality of life ( QOL) were measured. Results Compared with before the treatment, the average maximum Cobb angle in the control group increased significantly after the lessons, but there was no significant difference in any of the other measures, including QOL. For the control group the activation rate of the concave side of the apex level erector spi-nae was significantly lower than on the convex side both before and after the lessons. The SSE group showed no sig-nificant improvement in their average ATR, maximum Cobb angle, AVR or FI results, but their average SOS, Z-score and percentile of the distal radius, FVC, FEV1 and motor function improved significantly after the treat-ment. Before the treatment the activation rate of their concave side was also lower than on the convex side, but after the treatment there was no significant difference between them on average. Conclusion Early SSE can prevent further deformation, promote bone strength, improve lung function reduce the difference in the motor control of the bilateral erector spinae muscles among patients with mild AIS. It can promote a better quality of life and is worth ap-plying in clinical practice.

Objective To evaluate the cardioprotection induced by ischemic preconditioning ( IPC) and hypoxic preconditioning ( HPC) which were carried out by using the double cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) circuits in in vivo hearts of dogs. Methods Eighteen healthy male dogs, weighing 17?5-24?5 kg, aged 13-24 months, were divided into 3 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table: my?ocardial ischemia?reperfusion group (group I∕R), IPC group and HPC group. The double CPB circuits were established as follows: systemic and coronary circulation, and independent systemic and coronary cir?culation was carried out. In group IPC, the aorta was clamped, and the coronary circulation pump was sus?pended for 5 min followed by 5 min opening, repeating for 3 cycles. In group HPC, the aorta was clamped, the coronary circulation was started, and pure nitrogen was insufflated for 5 min followed by 5 min of oxygen insufflation, repeating for 3 cycles. CPB was performed for 1 h starting from the time point immediately after IPC or HPC. Before splitting of sternum ( T1 ) , after establishment of double CPB circuits ( T2 ) , at the end of preconditioning ( T3 ) , and at 60 and 120 min after restoration of spontaneous heart
beat ( T4,5 ) , heat rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, left ventricular end?systolic pres?sure, left ventricular end?diastolic pressure and the maximum rate of increase∕decrease of left ventricular pressure were recorded. Blood samples were collected from the right internal jugular vein at T1 and T4,5 for determination of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations. The animals were sacrificed after determination of the parameter or after blood sampling at T5 , myocardial specimens were obtained for examination of the ul?trastructure and for detection of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and apoptosis index was calculated. Before aortic clamping, immediately after aortic unclamping and at 30 min after aortic unclamping, myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of ATP contents in cardiomyocytes. Results Compared with I∕R group, left ventricular end?systolic pressure was significantly increased, and the serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were significantly decreased at T4,5 , the myocardial ATP contents were significantly in?creased immediately after aortic unclamping and at 30 min after aortic unclamping, apoptosis index was sig?nificantly decreased ( P<0?05 or 0?01) , and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in IPC and HPC groups. Compared with group IPC, the myocardial ATP contents were significantly increased (P<0?05), and the pathological changes were attenuated in group HPC. Conclusion Both HPC and IPC can exert cardioprotection when carried out by using the double CPB circuits, and HPC provides better cardioprotection than IPC in in vivo hearts of dogs.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of the spinal cord during neck flexion in Hirayama disease for diagnosis.Methods MRI examinations in neutral neck position and a fully flexed neck position were performed on 18 cases of Hirayama disease and 31 young normal control subjects.We measured an antero-posterior diameter(APD)and transverse diameter(TD)of the cervical cord at the superior margin of the C6 vertebral body for each position,and investigate the dynamic changes.The different in frequency of these findings between the control and patient groups was examined by means of the x~2 test.The group means were compared by independent-sample t-test.Significance was defined as P

Objective To analyze the impact of multiple factors on the incidence of pneumothorax associated with CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy.Methods The sign of pneumothorax after 162 cases(lesion diameter from 1cm to 6cm)CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy was observed and its relationship with multivariate factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model.Results Thirty-two cases presented pneumothorax accounting for 19.8%.Single variate analysis showed that the sign of pneumothorax ralated to intercurrent COPD,distance from lesion and chest wall,needle dwelling time and lesion diameter.67 patients of intercurrent COPD with postoperative pneumothorax occurred in 22 cases (32.8%);With respect to those having lesions close to the chest wall(48 cases),and the cases with the distance between the chest wall and lesions less than 2cm(55 cases)and greater than 2cm(59 cases), the postoperative pneumothorax occurred in 0,14(25.5%),18(30.5%)cases respectively;For those patients with needle in the chest residence time of less than 10 minutes(82 cases),10—20 minutes (51 cases),more than 20 minutes(28 cases)after the occurrence of pneumothorax were 8(9.6%), 10(19.6%),14(50%)cases respectively;In contrast,those with lesion diameter less than 2 cm (65 cases),2—4cm(52 cases),more than 4cm(45 cases)were 19(29.2%),8(15.4%) and 5(11.1%)respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prior three factors were risk factors of pneumothorax(OR=4.652,4.030,2.855 respectively).Conclusions To avoid the pneumothorax,caution must be taken with respect to CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy, patients with intercurrent COPD,long distance between lesion and chest wall,and smaller lesion diameter. For operation the needle dwell time within thorax should be minimized.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) refers to the single base sequence variation in specific location of the human genome. Phenotype informative SNP has gradually become one of the research hot spots in forensic science. In this paper, the forensic research situation and application prospect of phenotype informative SNP in the characteristics of hair, eye and skin color, height, and facial feature are reviewed.
Eye Color/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/trends* ; Forensic Sciences ; Genome, Human ; Hair ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*