20 % . In both groups CH was induced with infusion of 0.01 % NTP at a rate 0.5-6.0 ?g?kg-1?min-1 to maintain MAP at 55-65 mm Hg. MAP, HR, CVP and CO were continuously monitored. Arterial lactate concentration was measured by enzyme assay. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases were analyzed, and oxygen delivery (DO2 ) and consumption (VO2) were calculated before AHH (T0) after AHH was performed (T1), 30 min after CH was induced (T2) and 30 min after termination of CH (T3) in group Ⅰ and in group Ⅱ before CH (T1), 30 min after induction of CH (T2) and 30 rain after termination of CH (T3 ) .ResultsIn group Ⅰ(AHH + CH) compared with the baseline values (T0 ) HR significantly decreased while CVP significantly increased after AHH (T1 ) ; cardiac output (CO) significantly increased after AHH (T1 ) and during CH (T2) while DO2 was significantly decreased after AHH (T1) and CH (T3 ) but arterial lactate concentration was significantly decreased during and after CH (T2, T3). In group Ⅱ (CH alone) compared with the baseline values (T1) HR significantly increased while CVP significantly decreased during and after CH (T2, T3 ) ; there was no significant change in CO and DO2 at T2 and T3 but arterial lactate concentration significantly increased during and after CH (T2, T3). There was significantly less blood loss during operation in group I than in group Ⅱ . ConclusionThere was tissue deoxygenation during and after deliberate hypotension as shown by increased arterial lactate concentration while AHH combined with CH can improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation. AHH can also maintain hemodynamic stability during CH.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Phthalic Acids ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; methods ; Workplace

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; chemically induced ; Myocardial Infarction ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome ; etiology

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Objective To study the genetic regulation mechanism of colorectal LST,polypoid adenomas and clolrectal cancer by detecting the expression of p53,c-myc and Ki-67 in these three lesions.Methods The expressions of p53,c-myc,Ki-67 were determined via two-step of immunohistochemistry method in LST,polypoid adenomas,invasive colorectal cancer and their significant difference were compared.Statistical analyses were used to analyze the correlation among Ki-67 expression and p53,c-myc expression in these three group lesions.Results Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 38 LST,62polypoid adenomas and 36 colorectal cancer.For p53 and c-myc,the positive rates in LST,polypoid adenomas and colorectal cancer were significantly different from each other.For Ki-67,the positive rates in LST and polypoid adenomas were significantly lower than that in colorectal cancer,but there was no statistical significant difference between LST and polypoid adenomas.The expression of Ki-67 did not correlate with p53and c-myc both in LST and polypoid adenomas.But in colorectal cancer,the expression of Ki-67 was strongly related to p53 and c-myc.Conclusion The expressions of p53,c-myc and Ki-67 were different in LST,polypoid adenomas and colorectal cancer,indicating that their genetic regulation mechanism might be different,and the genetic avenue for LST may be different from polypoid adenomas.

Objective Respiratory variations in the pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude (△POP) have been popularly studied as a dynamic indicators for fluid responsiveness assessment.The authors hypothesized that △POP can indicate fluid responsiveness in septic shock patient in emergency department.Methods A prospective study of 28 patients with septic shock was carried out in Emergency Room and Emergency Intensive Care Unit from 1 October,2010 to 30 September,2011.Hemodynamic data including cardiac index,stroke volume Variation (SVV) and △POP were recorded before and after volume expansion treatment.Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac index of 15％ or greater.Results Changes in △POP after volume expansion were greater in responders than that in non-responders (P ＜ 0.01).There was a significant relation between △POP and SVV before volume expansion (r =0.900,P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusions △POPcan indicate fluid responsiveness non-invasively in septic shock patient in emergency department.This marker has potential clinical application with high sensitivity and reliability.

Objective To study the risk factors associated with death of patients suffered from acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia (AE-IP) with very high mortality and very difficult to handle so as to find the most suitable treatment strategy for these patients.Methods The data of 26 patients with AE-IP admitted to Emergency Intensive Care Unit in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2010 to September 2013 were restrospectively analyzed.Comparison of general condition of patients,treatment strategy and response to non-invasive ventilation of patients was made between survival group and death group.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of patients between death group and survival group.But compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF),connective tissue disease-related interstitial pneumonia had a tendency to accounting for higher proportion in the survival group.The rats of endotracheal intubation and invasive ventilation were significantly increased in death group (14％ vs.84％,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after non-invasive ventilation for 2 hours in the survival group (176 ± i10 vs.218 ±64,P ＜0.05) while the death group had no significant improvement.Conclusions In patients with AE-IP,connective tissue disease associated interstitial pneumonia might have better outcome than IPF.AE-IP patients have a very high mortality rate once patients intubated,thus the decision of intubation in such patients needs to be very cautious.The patients with negligible improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after non-invasive ventilation for 2 hours may have a poor prognosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MS)in the army elderly.Methods Totally 1 230 veterans (aged 70 years and over) from 26 military sanatorium in Shijiazhuang city were studied.The prevalence of BPH and MS was calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of BPH among the elderly was 77.0％.There was a trend of increase in the prevalence of BPH with increasing age (x2 = 50.4,P＜0.01).The prevalence of MS among the male elderly was 19.6％.MS was a risk factor for BPH(x2 =24.2,P＜0.0001).ConclusionsMS may be one of risk factors for the prevalence of BPH.

Objective To investigate the effects of the silence of teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1 ( TDGF-1 ) gene on invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell. Methods Three small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting for TDGF-1 genes (S1, S2, S3 ) were designed and established, then the gene with the best silencing effects was screened. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 were transfected by siRNA with different concentrations (3. 125, 6.25, 12.5 nmoL/L), the cells without transfection, and simply treated with liposomes were controls. The expressions of mRNA and protein of TDGF-1 were determined by real time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth was examined by clon formation in soft agar, and invasion ability was evaluated by boyden chamber model. PANC1 cells with transfection for 48h were injected into the nude mice to evaluate the invasion ability in vivo. Results The expressions of TDGF-1 mRNA and protein of cells transfected by siRNA were decreased in a dose-and time-dependent manner, which were significantly lower than those in liposomes group. Number of colony formation and transmembrane cell were 19.8 ± 2.2 and 49.8 + 2.6 in the control group, and 5.6 + 1.2 and 8. 1 + 1.1 in the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group. The volumes of tumor 4 weeks after transplation in the control group, liposomes group and the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group were (2.228 ± 0.016 ) cm3, ( 2.186 ± 0.028 )cm3 and ( 0.728 ± 0.023 )cm3. Conclusions TDGF-1 gene silence could inhibit invasion ability of human pancreatic cancer cell PANC1.

Objective Comparing three screening schemes of colorectal cancer in general population to provide scientific basis for coiorectal cancer screening in communities. Methods Questionnaire screening among high-risk population and immunoassay fecal occult blood test (FOBT) were used for colorectal cancer detection. Colonescopy and pathological test were considered as gold standard of screening results. Results Nine coloreetal cancers and 796 colorectal adenomas were detected in 68 953 participants. Mean onset age of coloreetal adenoma was 7. 7 years earlier than colorectal cancer. For questionnaire and FOBT,the sensitivity was 44.4% ,77.8% and 100.0% ,while the specificity was 98.6%, 95.5% and 94.4%, respectively. The Youden index of questionnaire, FOBT, and questionnaire-FOBT sequential method was 0.4,0.7,and 0.9,and the likelihood ratio ( +/- ) was 32.7/0.6,17. 2/0.2,and 17.8/0.0,respectively. When 50 was used as initial age of screening, screening receivers accounted for 9.7% ,and 66. 7% colorectal cancer could be detected. When 40 was used as initial age of screening, screening receivers and cost increased by 57.1% ,and only 11.1% more patients with colorectal cancer could be detected. Conclusions Questionnaire-FOBT sequential method has high sensitivity and specificity of colorectal cancer screening. Screening at 50 year-old may be better for community residents. The time of colorectal adenoma developed to colorectal cancer is about 8 years.