20 % . In both groups CH was induced with infusion of 0.01 % NTP at a rate 0.5-6.0 ?g?kg-1?min-1 to maintain MAP at 55-65 mm Hg. MAP, HR, CVP and CO were continuously monitored. Arterial lactate concentration was measured by enzyme assay. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases were analyzed, and oxygen delivery (DO2 ) and consumption (VO2) were calculated before AHH (T0) after AHH was performed (T1), 30 min after CH was induced (T2) and 30 min after termination of CH (T3) in group Ⅰ and in group Ⅱ before CH (T1), 30 min after induction of CH (T2) and 30 rain after termination of CH (T3 ) .ResultsIn group Ⅰ(AHH + CH) compared with the baseline values (T0 ) HR significantly decreased while CVP significantly increased after AHH (T1 ) ; cardiac output (CO) significantly increased after AHH (T1 ) and during CH (T2) while DO2 was significantly decreased after AHH (T1) and CH (T3 ) but arterial lactate concentration was significantly decreased during and after CH (T2, T3). In group Ⅱ (CH alone) compared with the baseline values (T1) HR significantly increased while CVP significantly decreased during and after CH (T2, T3 ) ; there was no significant change in CO and DO2 at T2 and T3 but arterial lactate concentration significantly increased during and after CH (T2, T3). There was significantly less blood loss during operation in group I than in group Ⅱ . ConclusionThere was tissue deoxygenation during and after deliberate hypotension as shown by increased arterial lactate concentration while AHH combined with CH can improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation. AHH can also maintain hemodynamic stability during CH.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; chemically induced ; Myocardial Infarction ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tumor Lysis Syndrome ; etiology

Objective To evaluate the use of endoscopy in assessment of invasion depth of colorectal flat lesions and in choice of treatment strategy. Methods The invasion depth of 222 colorectal flat lesions from 188 patients was endoscopically estimated by pit patterns, air-induced deformation testing and/or lifting sign. The lesion was endoscopically rosected if both tests were positive, otherwise, surgery was applied. The pathological evaluation of resected lesion was made according to WHO criteria and was used as a reference of tumor invasion depth. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of airinduced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were calculated. Results The air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign were both positive in 212 cases, in which 192 were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 15 with endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR), 2 with additional surgery after EPMR and 3 with surgery only. Either air-induced deformation tesring or lifting sign was negative in 10, in which 4 cases underwent surgical resection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were 97.2%, 44. 4%, 97.6% and 40. 0%, respectively. Conclusion Endoscopic air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign can be used to predict invasion depth of colorectal flat tumors, which can guide instant therapeutic strategies and avoid excessive or insufficient treatments.

Child ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Nephrology ; Pediatrics

Objective To investigate the effects of the silence of teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1 ( TDGF-1 ) gene on invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell. Methods Three small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting for TDGF-1 genes (S1, S2, S3 ) were designed and established, then the gene with the best silencing effects was screened. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 were transfected by siRNA with different concentrations (3. 125, 6.25, 12.5 nmoL/L), the cells without transfection, and simply treated with liposomes were controls. The expressions of mRNA and protein of TDGF-1 were determined by real time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth was examined by clon formation in soft agar, and invasion ability was evaluated by boyden chamber model. PANC1 cells with transfection for 48h were injected into the nude mice to evaluate the invasion ability in vivo. Results The expressions of TDGF-1 mRNA and protein of cells transfected by siRNA were decreased in a dose-and time-dependent manner, which were significantly lower than those in liposomes group. Number of colony formation and transmembrane cell were 19.8 ± 2.2 and 49.8 + 2.6 in the control group, and 5.6 + 1.2 and 8. 1 + 1.1 in the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group. The volumes of tumor 4 weeks after transplation in the control group, liposomes group and the 12.5 nmol/L transfection group were (2.228 ± 0.016 ) cm3, ( 2.186 ± 0.028 )cm3 and ( 0.728 ± 0.023 )cm3. Conclusions TDGF-1 gene silence could inhibit invasion ability of human pancreatic cancer cell PANC1.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation between the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MS)in the army elderly.Methods Totally 1 230 veterans (aged 70 years and over) from 26 military sanatorium in Shijiazhuang city were studied.The prevalence of BPH and MS was calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of BPH among the elderly was 77.0％.There was a trend of increase in the prevalence of BPH with increasing age (x2 = 50.4,P＜0.01).The prevalence of MS among the male elderly was 19.6％.MS was a risk factor for BPH(x2 =24.2,P＜0.0001).ConclusionsMS may be one of risk factors for the prevalence of BPH.

Asia ; Congresses as Topic ; Nephrology ; Pediatrics

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Phthalic Acids ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; methods ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical curative effect and safety of nabumetone for rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The researches about the study on the curative effect and ADRs of nabumetone for rheumatoid arthritis were retrieved and carried out by Meta-analysis. RESULTS: 9 researches were up to the including criteria. As compared with the control group, nabumetone has better effect [RR=1.11,95% CI(1.02, 1.20), P=0.01] but fewer ADRs [RR=0.71,95% CI(0.41, 1.22), P=0.007] in clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION: The evidence currently available shows that nabumetone has better efficacy and safety. Because the RCTs available for this systematic review are too small, more and further high-quality large-scale RCTs with long-term follow up are required to provide more reliable evidence