China ; Diabetes, Gestational ; diagnosis ; diet therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

Ricin is a plant-derived ribosome-inhibitor which can be easily purified in large quantities from castor beans. It is a potent irreversible inhibitor of protein synthesis. The mode of intoxication could be inhalation, ingestion, intravenous injection.Ricin has been classified as a schedule 1 threat agent by the Chemical Weapons Convention.A fast and sensitive method for the detection of this threat agent is an important tool for preventing or dealing with the consequences of intoxication. An ideal method should be highly sensitve, highly selective, and well capable of identifying ricin in a short assay time. Several methods have been established for ricin detection. This review summaries the development of detection methods for ricin in recent years.

Objective To investigate the change of P300 of the attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder children before and after they took litalin, according to this objective subject to guide the clinical treatment of ADHD children. Methods Using the looking se-ducible electricity stimulates 22 ADHD children, and check the change of latency and the rate of the wave before and after they took litalin. Results After ADHD children took litalin, their latency of P300 has decreased clearly, and the amplitude had no change. Conclusion The changes of P300 latency in ADHD children after they took litalin can be adopted as the guidelines of clinical treatment for the ADHD children.

Objective The empirical validity of the National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) has rarely been studied. This is one of the first studies comparing NMLE and annual assess-ment scores. This study provided the criterion-related validity evidence for the NMLE. The NMLE can be used to test the abilities and skills of physicians. Method We evaluated the test 163 residents in 12 medical school-affiliated hospitals who had finished their first year of tralning and had taken the NMLE and an annual skills assessment. We used Pearson correlations to estimate the relationship be-tween NMLE scores and annual assessment scores. Results A total of 163 residents met inclusion requirements. Correlations between NMLE scores and annual assessment scores ranged from 0.300 to 0.843. Conclusions The criterion-related validity of NMLE was high, so it can be use to evaluate the residents clinical competence indeed.

Objective To survey the influence of nursing intervention on cognition level for pressure sores and psychological state among accompany family members of patients with cerebral injury. Methods 123 accompany family members of patients with cerebral injury were selected and took part in the investigation about cognition level for pressure sores, besides, SDS and SAS were also adopted to evaluate their psychological state. Later nursing intervention was given to increase their cognition level for pressure sores, then another evaluation was carried out. Results before and after the intervention were compared. Results The accompany family members lacked knowledge of pressure sore, showed serious anxiety and depression for nursing pressure sore before intervention. But their cognition level for pressure sore improved and anxiety and depression lightened after intervention. Conclusions Nursing intervention is effective to alleviate cognition level for pressure sore and psychological state among accompany family members of patients with cerebral injury, which is worthy of clinical application.

Background and purpose:Bladder carcinoma is the most common tumor in the urogenital system in China. For patients with non-invasive bladder cancer, intravesical therapy is an important part of treatment after complete transurethral resection (TURBt). Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the most effectively used immune agent, and epirubicin (EPI) has been reported to have an improved antitumor activity and high remission rate. However, the results differed significantly from study to study. To compare the efficacy and treatment-induced side effects of intravesical epirubicin versus BCG on postoperative recurrence of non-invasive bladder carcinoma, we completed a meta-analysis of the published literature. Methods:According to the criteria in the paper, we retrieved published comparative studies on intravesical epirubicin versus BCG for non-invasive bladder carcinoma. Data were extracted from each identified paper and Revman4.2 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:6 trials including 1 288 patients were eligible according to the eligibility criteria. Of 657 cases that were treated with epirubicin and 631 with BCG, recurrence occurred in 253 and 184 respectively. Pooling data of a meta-analysis indicated that BCG statistically reduced the incidence of tumor recurrence (Peto OR=1.60, 95%CI=[1.26, 2.03], P=0.000 1). With regard to tumor progression, BCG was also statistically superior to epirubicin (Peto OR=1.70, 95%CI=[1.16, 2.49], P=0.006). 5 studies reported the comparison on main local side effects in terms of hematuria, cystitis or irritative symptoms. Combined results showed that the incidence of hematuria (Peto OR=0.47, 95%CI=[0.35, 0.62], P

Long-term treatment with an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is associated with bone fractures in the clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying the fractures are not fully understood. This study was aimed to examine the effect of rosiglitazone (an agonist of PPAR-γ) of different doses on the proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in primary rat osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoblasts were isolated from newly born SD rats and treated with different doses of rosiglitazone (0-20 μmol/L). The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were measured by MTT assay and NPP assay, respectively. The expression of CTGF was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that most isolated osteoblasts displayed strong alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and treatment with different doses of rosiglitazone did not affect their proliferation, but significantly inhibited the differentiation of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with different doses of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the TGF-β1-induced CTGF mRNA transcription and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in rat osteoblasts. It was concluded that the activation of PPAR-γ may inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts by reducing the TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in vitro.

Acute Lung Injury ; etiology ; surgery ; Burns, Inhalation ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Aspiration ; complications ; Sulfuric Acids ; poisoning

Objective To evaluate the effects of nursing intervention on the beliefs and behavior of early detection of breast cancer. Methods Four communities in Shanghai were selected by convenient sampling process. Then these four communities were randomly assigned to intervention group and control group. One hundred and eighty women who met the criteria of this study were selected from each group by convenient sampling process.Altogether 739 women were recruited. In intervention group,a one-year nursing intervention guided by health belief model was implemented,such as health education seminars,telephone follow in the third,sixth,and ninth months,and flyers of breast health care in the sixth month. Control group only received conventional education. Results After intervention women became aware of breast cancer (B=0.210,P＜0.01),perceived more benefits from attending early breast cancer detection (B=0.105,P＜0.01),and less difficulties in attending the activities of early detection of breast cancer (B=-0.086,P＜0.05). The number of women who performed breast self-examination once per month increased and more women received clinical breast examination (OR=3.0946) and mammogram after intervention (OR=2.746). Conclusion The nursing intervention,guided by health belief model,is helpful to improve women's beliefs and behaviors of breast cancer detection.