Objective To evaluate the value of phased array probe of transesophageal echocardiography miniature (micro-TEE) in the neonatal and infant cardiac surgery intraoperation.Methods Micro-TEE probe was used in children with weight ≤5 kg undergoing cardiac surgery to detect the atrial and ventricular cavity size,the left and right ventricular outflow tract diameter were detected by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) 3-7 d after operation,and compared with the measured value immediately after the TEE.Results Before and after intubation,airway index not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Preoperative TEE and TTE inspection results were consistent with intraoperative diagnosis.Postoperative TEE measuring intracardiac structural data (each room,chamber size and left and right ventricular outflow tract diameter) and postoperative TTE measurement value representing the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Micro TEE intraoperative guardianship of low birth weight infants is safe and feasible,and can supplement and improve the preoperative diagnosis,and can accurately and timely evaluate postoperative curative effect.

With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Biological Products ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends ; Water

Objective To investigate the mouse liver blood vessel images using phase contrast X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation. Methods 6 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups, 3 mice in each group. In one group, livers excised after hgated arteries, veins and common bile duct. In another group, iodine infused via the portal vein and drained from inferior vena cave until all the blood in the portal veins and hepatic veins was displaced. After infusion, arteries, veins and common bile duct were ligated and livers were excised. Results Blood vessel images were clearly produced by diffraction enhanced imaging. This method can discriminate vessels down to about 40 μm in diameter without contrast agent. Using a contrasting agent more details could be produced. In one liver lobe, the entire branch of the portal vein could be clearly produced by one by one phase contrast image from the main axial blood vessels of liver lobe to the nine generation of branching. Conclusions Phase contrast imaging has the advantage of good contrast and high spatial resolution. [Key wnrds] Synchrotron radiation; Phase contrast imaging; Diffraction enhanced imaging; Blood vessel; X-rays

Objective To provide vessel anatomical materials guidance for endovascular aortic repair,the branches artery of thoracic aortic was studied by CT angiography (CTA).Methods From January 2008 to February 2012,739 adult cases' CTA data were collected,all cases performing thoracic CTA in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command.We measured the diameter and/or leugth of the ascending aorta,aortic arch and branches artery of aortic arch,and made an analysis.Results The aortic arch includes standard and variant types.Standard type is common,which accounted for 91.1％ of the total number,while variant type accounted for 8.9％.In the standard aortic arch of patients,the diameter of aortic arch above the opening of coronary artery (CA) was (35.7 ±4.3) mm,the diameter of ascending aortic arch at the opening of brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) was (33.6 ±4.2) mm,the diameter of aortic arch between the BCT and the left common carotid artery (LCCA) was (29.4 ± 5.7) mm,the diameter of aortic arch between the LCCA and the left subclavian artery (LSA) was (27.6 ± 4.2) mm,the diameter of descending aortic at the opening of the LSA was (25.4 ± 4.5) mm,the diameter of the head BCT from aortic arch was (12.9 ±0.9) mm,the diameter of the head LCCA from aortic arch was (8.5 ± 0.7) mm,the diameter of the head LSA from aortic arch was (10.4 ± 1.1) mm,the length of aorta between the CA and the BCT was (53.3 ±12.5) mm,the length of aortic between the BCT and the LCCA was (4.7 ± 1.5) mm,the length of aortic between the LCCA and the LSA was (7.9 ± 2.6) mm,the length between the opening of BCT and the right subclavian artery (RSA) was (41.1 ± 8.2) mm,the length between the opening of LSA and the opening of left vertebral artery was (38.5 ±5.7) mm,the angle between the horizontal of BCT and the LCCA and the sagittal plane was (71.2 ± 7.2) °,the angle between the plane of LCCA and the LSA and the plane of sagittal was (31.1 ± 2.9)°.Conclusions The CT data of the thoracic aorta can be used as reference for production of stents and guide releasing the stents in endovascular repair.

A novel Aspergillus terreus strain M11 was isolated from the compost containing cellulose and identified. The isolate grow best at 45℃ and pH2.0. It was found that the activity of the CMCase was up to 3.680IU/mL with high heat stability and the optimal reaction conditions of the CMCase were at 60℃ and pH2.0.

Objective To construct the recombinant adeno-associated virus vector(rAAV) expressing the human tissue kallikrein(HK)gene and to detect the expression of interested gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)which were infected with different titers of rAAV. Methods The HK gene was cloned into the pAAV-MCS and co-transfected AAV-293 cells with other two plasmids(the pAAV-RC,and pHelper)by lipofectamine.The recombinant AAV(rAAV HK)particles was harvested and its viral titer was measured.HUVEC were infected with different titers of rAAV-HK particles.Seventy-two hours later,the expression of the interested gene was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA.Results The AAV expression system of human tissue kallikrein gene was successfully constructed.The viral titer of recombinant AAV reached 6.2?10~7 particles/ml. When compared with the control group,the transcription of HK gene in the group which was infected with rAAV-HK increased significantly[(0.59?0.12)vs(0.26?0.05)(P＜0.05)],and the expression of HK in the HUVEC was three times more than that in the control[(120.1?40.9)vs (30.8?12.8)](P＜0.001).The transcription of eNOSmRNA in the infected HUVEC was higher than that of the control[(1.19?0.28)vs(0.66?0.11)](P＜0.05).The transcription of caspase-3 mRNA was lower than that of the control[(0.30?0.25)vs(0.67?0.27)](P＜0.05).And there was no obvious variation happened in the transcription of VEGF,ET-1,TR-B,bradykinin B1 receptor and Bradykinin B2 receptor.Conclusions When co-transfected AAV-293 cells with three plasmids (pAAV-HK,pAAV-RC,pHelper),the HK gene expression is significantly and stably increased. Introducing HK gene into HUVEC can improve endothelial transfection efficiency.

Objective To evaluate the effects of 131 adrenoceptor anfisense on blood pressure and?1 adrenoceptor mRNA and protein levels in 2 kidney 1 clip(2K1C)rats.Method 2KIC hypertensive rots were produced by clipping renal artery of SD rats.Liposome/AS-ODNs 2.0 were tested intravenously in rats with 2KIC hypertension.Animals were divided into 5 groups(n=18 in each group):?1-AS-ODN group,?1-IN-ODN group,2K1C group,Sham group and SD group.Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method,the levels of myocardial?adreneceptor mRNA and protein were tested by RT-PCR and binding assay.Results On the basis of the magnitude and duration of hypotension,?1-AS-ODN decreased blood pressure by 39 mmHg at the most for 4 weeks.Compared with the 2KIC group,?1-AS-ODN did not significantly change the levels of myocardial?1 adrenoceptor mRNA but significantly decreased the levels of myocardial?1 adrenoceptor protein at 2,7,30 days (P

Although previous reports showed drug-eluting stent (DES) could effectively inhibit neointima formation, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains an important obstacle. The purpose of this study was to investigate different effects of paclitaxel on proliferation and cell cycle regulators between vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of rats in vitro. The cultured VSMCs and VECs of rats from the same tissues were examined by using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blotting in control and paclitaxel-treated groups. The results showed paclitaxel could effectively inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and VECs. However, as compared with VECs, proliferation of VSMCs in paclitaxel-treated group decreased less rapidly. The percentage of cells in G0-G1 and G2-M phases was reduced, and that in S phase increased after treatment for 72 h. The expression of cyclin D1 and B1, p27 and PCNA in VSMCs of paclitaxel-treated group was up-regulated, but that of p21 down-regulated as compared with VECs. It is concluded that there are significant differences in the expression of cell cycle regulators and proliferation rate between paclitaxel-treated VSMCs and paclitaxel-treated VECs, suggesting that the G1-S checkpoint regulated by paclitaxel may play a critical role in the development of complications of DES, which provides new strategies for treatments of ISR.

Objective: To assess the trend of statin application for in-hospital acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with its impact factors in eastern urban China from 2001 to 2011. Methods: A 2-stage random sampling design was performed to extract representative AMI sample patients. In the ifrst stage, a simple random-sampling was used to identify participating hospitals. In the second stage, a systematic sampling was conducted in 2001, 2006 and 2011 to select the cases from participating hospitals, to take medical records and clinical information for calculating the in-hospital statin application rate. The impact factors for statin application was assessed by multi Logistic regression model with generalized estimating equations. Results: A total of 5940 AMI records from 32 hospitals were enrolled. From 2001 to 2011, the in-hospital statin use rate increased from 46.0% in 2001 to 82.2% in 2006 and to 93.7% in 2011,P<0.001 for trend. Multi Logistic regression analysis indicated that the patients with LDL-C>3.37 mmol/L were more likely to receive statin therapy than those with LDL-C<1.81 mmol/L (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.30,P=0.013); the patients with chest pain at admission (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.14-2.91, P=0.012), combining hypertension (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.02-2.03,P=0.038), with in-hospital PCI (OR=2.99, 95% CI 1.71-5.23, P<0.001) were also more likely to receive statin therapy. The application rate of statin was reduced by reduced LDL-C level accordingly and the patients without LDL-C examination, accounting for 21.3%, had the lowest statin application rate. Conclusion: Statin therapy for in-hospital AMI patients was dramatically increased from 2001 to 2011 in eastern urban China and the guideline was rapidly popularized in clinical practice. However, the improvement has been needed especially in patients without LDL-C examination or with low LDL-C levels; we emphasize that AMI patients should receive statin therapy regardless their LDL-C levels.

Objective To study the feasibility, safety and clinical application value of LRH, comparing with abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) . Methods A total of 80 patients' clinical data were collected to analyze the development of LRH in Yunnan Tumor Hospital while compared with another 40 patients between June 2012 to June 2013 of ARH for some associative indexes. Results The patients were divided into group A and B equally.Compared with Grope A, the time of operation decreased 26.9%, 37.2% has been augment for lymph gland sweeping, the amount of bleeding and intraoperative complication reduced 37.3% and 7.5% in Grope D, respectively, with distinctive difference ( >0.05) .Hospitalization expenses had a small degree reduced but no distinctive difference.The learning curve of LRH was 40 approximately.Comparison between LRH and ARH in the same period showed that LRH was more splendid than ARH in several index.1 case relapsed in 2-48 months follow-up in ARH while no relapse in the other group. Conclusion LRH is safe and feasible and has good prospects in clinical application and deserves clinical generalization because of its advantages such as less trauma,less pains, quick recovery,less scars and aesthetical appearance.