Objective To investigate the characteristics of the executive function and working memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the relations between working memory and executive function and the effects of working memory on patient' s daily functioning.Methods Thirty patients with MCI and 30 healthy elderly subjects were tested with a wide neuropsychoingical battery of tests including those of executive function, working memory and other cognition domain tests.Executive function was evaluated by using the verbal fluency test (VFT), color trail test (CTT), digital span (DS).Results The results showed the presence of significant executive function and working memory impairment in MCI patients as compared with the healthy controls.The scores of executive function test in MCI patients were decreased significantly in CTT (130.8±58.2 vs 52.0±13.5), CTT-B (210.2±81.8 vs 121.0±33.4),DS (3.4±0.9 vs 4.2±1.1), VFT (8.9±5.4 vs 16.4±5.4) and visuo-objective working memory (0.73±0.12 vs 0.85±9.18) respectively (t = 7.108, 5.159,-2.544,-4.879, and-4.351, all P <0.01 or P < 0.05) .In the stepwise liner regression analysis objective working memory test made a significant independent contribution to ADL (β =-0.720, t =-3.571, P < 0.01).Conclusion The patients with MCI have the deficit in executive function and working memory.Visuo-objective working memory is closely correlated with general cognitive function such as daily function, resulting in daily function decline.

Cestode Infections ; parasitology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

ObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy of hemodialysis by online clearance monitoring (OCM) and Kt/V of correlation analysis.MethodsThe Kt/V values of 48 maintenance hemodialysis patients in the Department of Nephrology of General Hospital of PLA were accessed by both OCM of Germany BeiLang Dialog + hemodialysis machine and single-pool urea kinetic model.The Kt/V calculation value was also checked by the urea dynamics - room variable volume model.The results generated at different time point were compared,including at the real time,before and after appearing through blood by On - line Clearance Monitoring,and correlation analysis of Kt/V value was performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference on evaluating the level of Kt/v by these two methods.The relationship between the results of the two methods was significantly positive related.(r=0.539,P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsDuring hemodialysis,the OCM option provides an accurate tool for continuous on-line monitoring of urea clearance.

The effect of water temperature, stocking density and feeding cycle on the growth of Poecilobdella manillensis juvenile was conducted P. manillensis was conducted respectively under different conditions: water temperatures(18, 22, 26, 30,34, 38 degrees C and CT), stocking density (75, 125, 200, 275, 350 individual/L) and feeding cycle(2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 d). After 30 days, survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate were measured. There was a significant correlation between water temperature and specific growth rate (γ = -0.066x2 + 3.543 1x -38.09, R2 = 0.837 9). Based on the regression equation, the specific growth rate of P. manillensis achieved the maximum (9.461 4) at 26.84 degrees C. And the most optimal water temperature was 26-30 degrees C. Meanwhile, the survival rates of P. manillensis was 0 at 38 degrees C in 3 d. There was significant negative correlation between density and specific growth rate (γ = -0.005 7x + 9.197 3, R2 = 0.998 3) and between feeding cycle and specific growth rate (γ = -0.468 2x + 10.574, R2 = 0.998 8).
Animals ; Annelida ; growth & development ; physiology ; Body Size ; Feeding Behavior ; Temperature ; Water ; chemistry

Aim To observe the effects of benazepril and irbesartan on myocardial collagen in chronic heart failure ( CHF ) rats and the possible mechanisms. Methods CHF model in rats was made by partially banding abdominal aorta to induce pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. The rats were given benazepril or/and irbesartan for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure ( SBP) was monitored by rat tail artery. The ultrastruc-ture of myocardium was detected by transmission elec-tron microscope. The content of myocardial hydroxyproline and amount of cross-linked collagen were measured by hydrolysis method. The expression of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen protein in myocardium was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of p-38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK proteins was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the model of CHF, there was no significant difference in SBP af-ter treatment. The content of hydroxyproline in myocar-dium, degree of cross-linked collagen, as well as ex-pression of type I collagen, type Ⅲ collagen and p-p38 MAPK proteins were significantly decreased after treatment with benazepril or irbesartan ( P <0. 05 ) , and the combined treatment of them had better effects. Conclusion There is a synergistic effect of attenua-ting the quantity and quality of myocardial collagen in CHF rats by combined use of benazepril and irbesar-tan, which may be related to the down regulation of p-p38MAPK protein expression.

Angiotensin II ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; secretion ; Endothelins ; secretion ; Humans ; Polyphenols ; pharmacology ; Propanolamines ; pharmacology ; Tea ; chemistry ; Weightlessness Simulation

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention and mechanism of Qushi Huayu Recipe (QHR) on gene expression profiles in high lipid diet induced fatty liver rats.

METHODSFatty liver model was prepared in 20 male SD rats using single high fat diet (88% common forage +2% cholesterol +10% lard). Four weeks after modeling they were divided into the model group and the QHR group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. QHR (at 0. 93 g crude drug/100 g body weight) and distilled water was respectively to rats in the QHR group and the model group by gastrogavage while modeling, once per day. Meanwhile, 10 SD male rats were recruited in a normal group, administered with equal volume of distilled water by gastrogavage. At the end of week 8 all rats were sacrificed, and blood and livers were collected for subsequent analysis. Contents of liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) , activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using biochemical assay. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed using H&E and oil red O stain. Liver gene expressions were detected by Affymetrix gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were compared between the QHR group and the model group, functions of differentially expressed genes and signal pathways involved analyzed. Ten differentially expressed genes involved in glycolipid metabolism with fold change more than 2 were selected for verification by real-time PCR.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and serum activities of ALT and AST obviously increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and activities of ALT and AST obviously decreased in the QHR group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). QHR could reduce high fat induced fatty degeneration of liver cells , alleviate inflammation, and improve pathological changes of liver tissue. (2) Compared with the model group, there were 80 differentially expressed genes (with fold change > 2, P < 0.05) with clear functions and appointed gene names, including 44 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated genes. Eighty genes were involved in 27 signal pathways with statistical difference, including glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin signal pathway, drug metabolism signal pathway, etc (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR results of 10 glycolipids metabolism regulating genes such as Gk, Scd1, Gpat2, G6pc, Irs1, and so on showed that all RT-PCR genes were completely coincide with up-regulated or down-regulated tendency in results of gene chips. 80% genes had approximate fold change.

CONCLUSIONQHR could regulate gene expressions related to fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, and drug metabolism in high fat diet induced fatty liver rats, and its comprehensive pharmacological actions could be manifested.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; drug effects ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe targeted expression of recombinant lentivirus-mediated (Lv)-hTERTp-TK and Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin in HepG2 cells, and explore the inhibitory effect of their combination on HepG2 cells both in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSLv-hTERTp-TK and Lv-hTERTptumstatin were used to infect HepG2 and L02 cells at different MOIs. Transfection efficiency was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Expression of TK and tumstatin mRNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively. The HepG2 cells were examined by real time-PCR and western blotting to determine expression level of bcl-2 and VEGF mRNA and protein.A murine hepatocellular carcinoma model was established by injecting 1 * 10(7) HepG2 cells into 30 BALB/c nude mice. The modeled mice were randomly divided into a control group, mock group, Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin group, Lv-hTERTp-TK group, and combination group for four weeks of injections at regular intervals of PBS, Lv-hTERTp-null, Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin, Lv-hTERTp-TK, and Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin plus Lv-hTERTp-TK, respectively.Changes in tumor volume and weight, and cell morphology of tumor and major organs, were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Microvascular density of tumor tissue and cell apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining, respectively.

RESULTSThe Lv-infected HepG2 cells, and not the Lv-infected L02 cells, expressed TK and tumstatin. Lv-hTERTp-TK and Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin, alone or in combination, inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of the HepG2 cells, but the combination was more effective than either alone (P less than 0.05). None of the treatments affected proliferation or apoptosis of the L02 cells (P more than 0.05). The combination also led to a greater reduction of bcl-2 and VEGF than either alone (all, P less than 0.05). Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by the combination (P less than 0.05). In vivo, the combination treatment induced the greatest amount of apoptosis of the HepG2 cells. Cell morphology of major organs such as liver, spleen and kidney were similar to the control group. The combination also produced the most significant effect on tumor microvascular density (P less than 0.05) and the highest apoptosis index (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe HTERT promoter can induce targeted expression of TK and tumstatin in HepG2 cells. Lv-hTERTp-TK combined with Lv-hTERTp-tumstatin can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human HepG2 cells in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to down-regulation ofbcl-2 and VEGF.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Autoantigens ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Collagen Type IV ; genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism