Objective To prepare optimization of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles,to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of the drug.Methods Notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles were prepared,HPLC method was used to detect the content of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles,preparation technology of nanoparticles were optimized by orthogonal experiment,and the optimized preparation technology of nanoparticles was verified.Results HPLC standard curve equation was A =911.49C -1803.4(r =0.999 9),linear range was from 25 to 900 g/mL.The intra day precision were 1.520%,0.884% and 0.969%(n =6),and the inter day precision were 1.591%,1.447% and 1.269%(n =6).The recovery rates of low,medium and high concentra-tions were (98.11 ±1.16)%,(101.27 ±0.59)% and (100.97 ±0.82)%.4 factors of orthogonal experiment:the concentration of chitosan,the mass ratio of drug and carrier,temperature and rotational speed,and 3 levels of each factor were selected.The average particle size,encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were selected as control indexes.The test results were determined by the method of comprehensive weighted scoring.The orthogonal design was designed according to L9(34)orthogonal design.The optimization process was 2% of chitosan concentration,20% of the weight ratio of drug and carrier,35 ℃ of temperature,600 r/min of rotational speed.According to the optimized process,the average particle size was (123.40 ±7.68)nm,the encapsulation efficiency was (58.41 ±1.59)%,and the drug loading amount was (10.46 ±0.53)%.Conclusion The optimized preparation process of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles is simple and easy to operate,the entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount were high. As a new dosage form,it has a good clinical application prospect.

Objective To evaluate the effect for the treatment of severe asthma. Methods The data of 47 patients with severe asthma who were admitted to emergency department were retrospectively anayzed. Results Of total 47 patients ,45 were rescued, with the survival rate of 95.7%. Arterial blood gas was improved after treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusion Appropriate commencement, mode, strategy, and early weaning of mechanical ventilation, combined with the administration of bronchodilators and eorticosteroids are the important way to rescue patients with severe asthma.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; analysis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; analysis ; Melanoma ; enzymology ; Skin Neoplasms ; enzymology

Chemokine CXCL9/Mig (monokine induced by IFN-?) belongs to the subfamily of chemotactic cytokines known as CXC-chemokines. In vivo CXCL9 is mainly induced by IFN-? in macrophages and primary glial cells. In vitro, CXCL9 can be secreted by cells such as macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells and neutrophils, in response to the synergy of IFN-? and TLR(toll-like receptor) ligands. CXCL9 is a chemoattractant for activated T lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes, but not for neutrophils or monocytes. The receptor specific for CXCL9 is CXCR3, a G protein-coupled protein which has seven transmembrane domain. The structure and the chemical characterization of CXCL9, as well as its effects on autoimmune deseases, allograft rejection, cancer therapy were reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lethal blood level, the target organs and tissues, the toxicant storage depots and the postmortem redistribution in mice died of emamectin benzoate poisoning. METHODS: The mice model of emamectin benzoate poisoning was established via intragastric injection. The main poisoning symptoms and the clinical death times of mice were observed and recorded dynamically in the acute poisoning group as well as the sub-acute poisoning death group. The pathological and histomorphological changes of organs and tissues were observed after poisoning death. The biodistribution and postmortem redistribution of emamectin benzoate in the organs and tissues of mice were assayed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 0h, 24h, 48h and 72h after death. The lethal blood concentrations and the concentrations of emamectin benzoate were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at different time points after death. RESULTS: The symptoms of nervous and respiratory system were observed within 15-30 min after intragastric injection. The average time of death was (45.8 ± 7.9) min in the acute poisoning group and (8.0 ± 1.4) d in the sub-acute poisoning group, respectively. The range of acute lethal blood level was 447.164 0-524.463 5 mg/L. The pathological changes of the organs and tissues were observed via light microscope and immunofluorescence microscope. The changes of emamectin benzoate content in the blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain of poisoning mice showed regularity within 72 h after death (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The target organs of emamectin benzoate poisoning include heart, liver, kidney, lung, brain and contact position (stomach). The toxicant storage depots are kidney and liver. There is emamectin benzoate postmortem redistribution in mice.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ivermectin/toxicity* ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Mice ; Postmortem Changes ; Tissue Distribution

Objective To evaluate the predicting value of serum procaleitonin (PCT) in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in elderly patients. Methods A total of 267 elderly patients requiring hospitalization for AECOPD were randomly assigned into 2 groups: standard therapy group (standard group, n= 135) and PCT-guided group(PCT group, n= 132). Standard group received antibiotics according to the guideline of attending physicians and PCT group were treated with antibiotics according to serum PCT levels.Length of hospitalization, clinical efficacy, costs of hospitalization and antibiotics, rate of antibiotics use, hospital mortality, rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization, frequency of exacerbation within 1 year were observed. Results Length of hospitalization, clinical efficacy, hospital mortality, rate of exacerbation and rehospitalization, frequency of exacerbation within 1 year were similar in 2 groups(all P＞0.05);costs of hospitalization and antibiotics, rate of antibiotics use of PCT group[10 882 (3808-16 651)yuan, 6934 (2390-10 660)yuan, 76.5%] were lower than those of standard group[13 637(4650-19 730)yuan, 8589(3144-12 117)yuan, 87.4%] (all P＜0.05). Conclusions PCT guidance offers an advantage over standard therapy in reducing antibiotic use and in lowering the costs of hospitalization in treatment of AECOPD in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol on rat′s limb ischemia reperfusion injury .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into sham operate group ,ischemia-reperfusion group and propofol group (n= 20) ,each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the different reperfusion time .To copy the right lower limb ischemia reperfusion model ,5 min before reperfusion ,use propofol injection (50 mg/kg ,intraperitoneal inject) ,various subjects in the corresponding time points (3 ,6 , 9 ,12 h) were sacrificed .TNF-α ,NF-κB of blood and MDA ,SOD of Skeletal muscle were measured ,calculate muscle wet dry weight ratio .Results Compared with ischemia reperfusion group ,propofol could significantly reduce expression of TNF-alpha ,NF-κB lev-els in serum (P< 0 .05) ,inhibit the increase of the MDA level and decrease of the SOD level in muscle (P< 0 .05) ,also reduce the extent of skeletal muscle cell edema(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Propofol can attenuate limb ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation response and reducing the oxygen free radicals′ damage .

Cardiovascular Diseases ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases

BACKGROUND:Pretreatment is a dominant way to increase the histocompatibility of biomaterials,but many pretreatments are not satisfactory due to some reactions,such as calcification,cytotoxic reaction and reducing the tension resistance.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of immunogenicity,scaffold tension and cell growth factor on the non-pretreated scaffold biomaterials,and to prepare the homograft decellularized scaffolds.DESIGN:Contrast observation for the histomorphology.SETTING:The experiments were carried out in the Department of General Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from June 2006 to March 2007.MATERIALS:Wistar rats of SPF grade were adopted in this study.Sodium dodecyl sulfate from BioteehGrade Company(U.S.A.);basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from Peprotech Company(UK);dynamometer from Suzhou Electrical Element First Factory (China).METHODS:The vena cava inferior from rats were selected as experimental materials,we decellularized the epithelial cells from vein according to the improved Booth's methods with low osmotic Tris buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulplate,and then reserved the extracellular matrix.After fixing,the decellularized scaffold was stained by hematoxylin and eosin,the collagen fibers were observed and photographed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope.Changes of the intensity of the scaffolds were measured before and after decellularization.The deceilularized scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously at homogeneity rats to observe whether the scaffolds had induced immunological rejection.In combination with bFGF and/or VEGF,the scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously at homogeneity rats and took out two weeks later,in order to exam the new vessels in the scaffolds by immunohistochemistry.Dynamometer was applied to compare the change of the intensity of the scaffolds before and after transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Change of the intensity of the scaffolds after decellularization and transplantation.Formation of new vessels in scaffolds.Local rejection of the scaffold subcutaneously transplanted into rats.RESULTS:The endothelial cells of the vein were completely removed when incubated with Tris buffer containing 0.03% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 48 hours.Results of hematoxylin and eosin staining,light microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that,the main components of extracellular matrix (collagen fiber) were reserved.There was no significant difference in the morphological structure and the intensity of collagenous scaffolds before and after decellalarization (P＞0.05).There was no apparent reject reaction at the embedded site,local incisions healed well.New vessels could be observed in the scaffolds two weeks later.There was no significant difference in the intensity of collagenons scaffolds before and after inoculation (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:The low osmotic Tris buffer containing 0.03% sodium dodecyl sulfate is suitable for decellularizing the vein.The homograft collagenous scaffolds exhibit no rejection after transplantation,and the intensity of the scaffolds does not descend.VEGF and bFGF can improve the growth of new vessels in the decellularized scaffolds,and have a synergistic effect.

Adult ; Cryptococcosis ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; Male