Immune system is a security guard to help human body repel or remove bacteria, viruses, parasites and other fore-ign invaders .But when some tissue components or the immune system itself become abnormal, it can not distinguish friend from foe accurately and may attack our own tissue then cause some clinical symptoms, leading to autoimmune diseases. Nearly 5 % of the world's population suffer from various autoimmune diseases. By now in addition to control the formation of autoantigens such as infection,tiredness, the main biologics used in clinic are immunoregulators to block pathological autoimmune response and then to create a new proper immune response. Recently, new biologics to treat autoimmune disease come into being one after another, and this article gives a brief overview about research progress in anti-autoimmune disease biologics.

Objective To investigate the effect of different parts leukoencephalopathy on cognitive function in patients with acute cerebral infarction,and analyze the relationship between injury site of cholinergic pathways and cognitive function.Methods Ninety-seven patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into leukoencephalopathy group (59 cases) and non-leukoencephalopathy group (38 cases)according to the cranial MRI T2 scanning.The all patients of 2 groups were evaluated by cholinergic pathways hyperintensities scale (CHIPS) and reforming Scheltens scale.The cognitive function of all patients were evaluated by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).The difference of the cognitive function between 2 groups was observed,and the relationship between CHIPS score,reforming Scheltens scale score and MoCA score was investigated.Results There were statistical differences in MoCA total score and visuospatial/execution,memory,attention score between leukoencephalopathy group and non-leukoencephalopathy group [(20.86 ± 4.52) scores vs.(23.47 ± 4.49) scores,(3.80 ± 1.68) scores vs.(3.11 ± 1.47) scores,(2.78 ±1.57) scores vs.(1.95 ± 1.80) scores,(4.00 ± 2.08) scores vs.(3.87 ± 2.04) scores] (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in CHIPS score and reforming Scheltens scale score between cognitive dysfunction group (35 cases)and non-cognitive dysfunction group (24 cases)[(47.77 ± 12.36) scores vs.(39.83 ±7.98) scores,(5.14 ± 1.73) scores vs.(2.58 ±2.10) scores] (P ＜0.01).There was negative correlation between MoCA total score and frontal periventricular score,occipital periventricular score,parietal lobe score,periventricular total score,deep alba total score and reforming Scheltens scale total score (P ＜0.01).There was negative correlation between visuospatial/execution score,attention score,fixing score,MoCA total score and CHIPS score (P ＜ 0.01).There was negative correlation between attention score,fixing score,MoCA total score and reforming Scheltens scale score (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions In acute cerebral infarction patients leukoencephalopathy is probably related to cognitive function,and the severity of leukoencephalopathy correlates with the degree of cognitive function impairment.Different parts leukoencephalopathy can induce different influence on cognitive function.The cognitive function impairment caused by leukoencephalopathy correlates with the impairment of cholinergic pathways,with main effects of visuospatial/execution function,and the severity correlates with the impairment of cholinergic pathways.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of a schedule of 2 cycles' high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) as an initial therapy in adults immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and compare with conventional dose prednisone therapy. Method A total of 59 newly diagnosed ITP patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. In 30 patients ( Dexamethasone group), oral HD-DXM was administered at 40 mg/d for 4 consecutive days, repeated one week later, and then failed to maintain. In the remaining 29and then gradually tapered. Results For short-term efficacy, after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the response rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly higher than that in Prednisone group (50. 0% vs 24. 1%, P ＜0. 01; 73.3% vs 55.2%, P ＜0. 05 ), while 3 weeks later, there was no remarkable difference between the two groups(83.3% vs 68.9%, P ＞ 0. 05 ), though the response rate in Dexamethasone group remained higher. For long-term effect, at the end of the 2nd and 3rd months of follow-up, the relapse rate in Dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that in Prednisone group(24. 0% vs 40. 0%, P ＜ 0. 05;32.0% vs 65. 0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ), while at the end of the 1st month of follow-up, there was no significant difference( 16. 0% vs 20. 0%, P ＞0.05 ). In addition, it's well tolerated and no complications such as severe infection or Cushing syndrome were complained in Dexamethasone group. Conclusion HD-DXM possesses an advantage over conventional dose prednisone therapy in efficacy and safety.

Objective To investigate the influence of age on liver histopathological feature of patients infected with chronic hepatitis B. Methods Liver biopsies were performed on 114 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The biochemical tests were measured by routine automated techniques. Serum hepatitis markers including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc were assayed by using a microparticle enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. HBV-DNA was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis were compared between four groups with different age: younger than 20years, 20 ～ 30, 31 ～40, and older than 40 years. Results All 114 patients had liver histological changes with different degree. 75.4 percent (89/114) of cases had 2/over 2 grades of liver necrosis/inflammation, and 47.4 percent (54/114) of cases had 2/over 2 stages of liver fibrosis.There was no significant relation between the level of ALT and age or between the level of ALT and the grades of liver necrosis/inflammation and fibrosis( P ＞0. 05 ). The significant difference in degrees of liver inflammation and fibrosis was found among three age groups ( x2 = 30. 86, P ＜ 0. 01; x2 = 21.17; P ＜0.05 ). The grades of 1 iver inflammation and fibrosis increased with the increased age of the patients. Conclusion These results suggested that age was an independent factor for the disease progression. It was very important to undertake liver biopsy for patients with CHB more than 30 years to reveal the liver histopathological characteristics and guide the treatment.

Adult ; Cryptococcosis ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; Male

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral ; pathology ; Sarcoma, Ewing ; pathology

RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) is a multiligand receptor on the cell surface.Ligand-RAGE inter-actions activate several signal transduction pathways that propa-gate cellular oxidative stress and inflammatory response.RAGE expressed on the CD4 + T cells has been identified as a central transduction receptor which affects the activation,proliferation, migration and differentiation of the cells.In addition,blockade of RAGE suppressed the development of multiple immune-related
disorders mediated by CD4 + T cells.These studies highlight the importance of RAGE and its ligands for CD4 + T cells.This arti-cle briefly reviews the role of RAGE and its ligands on the prolif-eration,migration and differentiation of CD4 + T cells and sum-marizes the related research progress.

Objective: To study the relationship between Framingham risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD) and cognitive function in healthy community elders.
Methods: A total of 276 healthy community elders were evaluated by Framingham score to predict the risk for suffering from CAD in 10 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. High risk group (the risk > 20%), n=46, Mid risk group (the risk at 10%-20%), n=76 and Low risk group (the risk < 10%), n=154. The cognitive function was measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and China adult intelligence scale (CISA). The differences of cognitive function levels to 3 CAD risk groups were studied.
Results: With the increased CAD incidence from Low risk, Mid risk to High risk groups, the MMSE score reduced accordingly (26.9 ± 1.45) vs (24.3 ± 1.53) vs (22.2 ± 1.43), P=0.014. Pearson analysis presented that MMSE score was negatively related to Framingham risk score (r=-0.213, P<0.001). There were several elements of cognitive function related to Framingham risk score including MMSE score, question answering, grid filling, oral arithmetic and word distinguishing (r=-0.247), (r=-0.167), (r=-0.132), (r=-0.152) and (r-0.256), all P<0.05.
Conclusion: CAD risk level was negatively related to cognitive function, the higher Framingham risk score resulted in the lower cognitive function in healthy community elder subjects.

Background The identification of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have provided exciting prospects for cell-based regeneration after myocardic infraction.However cell therapy have inherent limitations such as low survival rate of transplanted cells and insufficient cell number.It is known that cell-matrix adhesion plays a key role in cell proliferation,differentiation and survival,and chemokine CXCL12 may involved in these prcesses.Transfected mesenchymalstem cells with CXCL12 for local secretion of CXCL12 and then explored CXCL12 triggered adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to extracellular matrix proteins.Mesenchymal stem cells was transfected with CXCL12.?V and ?3 integrins content was evaluated by Western blot analysis.Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix was examined in vitro and cell prolife-ration after transplantation in vivo.Transfection of CXCL12 resulted increased CXCL12 in situ.Increased CXCL12 induced elevated adhesion to fibronectin in vitro and higher survival in vivo.CXCL12 mediated adhesion and proliferation was established by ?V and ?3 integrin subunits.Chemoattractive mechanisms are involved in adhesion processes of mesenchymal stem cells.Increased CXCL12 leads to enhanced expression of ?V and ?3 integrins,which may augment cell survival,proliferation and differrentiation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on the growth and hemopoiesis of broilers. Methods: The Arbor Acres broilers were fed the experimental diets with different doses of vitamin B12 0.00, 0.008, 0.016, 0.024 mg/kg for 3 weeks. The body weight gain and hematologic indices of the broilers were measured. Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency in the diet could depress the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the broilers, decrease the amount of red blood cell and hemoglobin, enlarge the volume of red blood cell, increase the content of each cell hemoglobin, reduce platelet in blood. While 0.008 mg/kg vitamin B12 was added in the experimental diets, the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the broilers increased markedly. Furthermore, when 0.016mg/kg vitamin B12 was added to the diet, the number of the red blood cell and the content of hemoglobin of the broilers increased significantly, and the shape and volume of the red blood cell became ordinary. There were significants interrelations between BWG,RBC,Hb,PCV,PLT,MCV,MCH of the broilers and the addition of vitamin B12 in the diet. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency could result in the megaloblastic animia. 0.02-0.03 mg vitamin B12 per kilo diet was required to maintain the growth and normal hemopoiesis of the broilers.