Objective To find the changes of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 genone during development.Method Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA isolated from adult and fetal tissues. Result Adult FGFR1 gene structure is different from its embryonic counterpart. Conclusion The disserence might lead to changes of FGFR1 expression as wel as functions of the cells.

Objective To study the effects of oligohydramnios in full-term pregnancy women deliveried on the perinatal outcomes.Methods 320 suspected oligohydramnios cases from January 2008 to June 2009 were taken as observation group,and compared with 320 cases full-term pregnant women with normal amniotic fluid and without any high-risk factors as control group.B-type ultras onography was used to determine the volume and index of amniotic fluid and fetal umbilical blood flow index (S/D).Blood estriol was determined combining with non-stress test(NST)and oxytocin challenge test(OCT) or contraction stress test(CST) examination to evaluate maternal and fetal situation.The perinatal outcomes of the two groups was analyzed and compared.Result The neonatal asphyxiation and mortality rate between the two groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05).The rate of cesarean section in the observation group was increased( P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The term pregnancy women with oligohydramnion during labour diagnosed by B-type ultrasonography should select vaginal delivery based on comprehensive examination.

Empirical research showed that when medical disputes arise,the emergence of that damage must be due to the fault of either party,while everyone ignored the unforeseen,difficult-to-prevent and ubiquitous occurrence of medical professional risk,and the fact that the professional risk can also occur when no party makes mistake in medical events.It is of particular importance to explore ways to avoid medical professional risks,to allow medical staff in a safer,less risk condition,and meanwhile throw themselves wholeheartedly into the cause of life-saving career.

0.05);but the levels of OPN in stageⅢ(84.0% and 88.0%)were significantly higher than those of stageⅡ(P

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for sedation in patients.Methods ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery performed under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group C) and different doses of dexmedetomidine groups (D1,D2 and D3 groups).In D1,D2 and D3 groups,the loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.4,0.6 and 0.8 μg/ kg was intravenously infused over 15 min,respectively,adverse cardiovascular events were then recorded,followed by infusion at 0.4,0.6 and 0.8 μg· kg-1 · h-1 via a pump,respectively,while in group C,the equal volume of 0.9 ％ normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine.Sevoflurane administration was begun after completion of infusion of the loading dose.Up-and-down sequential allocation was used to determine the MAC.The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 0.8％,0.7％,0.6％ and 0.5％ in C,D1,D2 and D3 groups,respectively,and maintained at this level for 15 min.Each time the concentration of sevoflurane increased/decreased in the next patient depending on whether or not the patients correctly followed the verbal command to open his eyes.The ratio between the two consecutive concentrations was 0.9.The middle point between the positive response and negative response served as a crossover pair.After at least 7 independent crossover pairs were observed in each group,the experiment was stopped.The MAC and 95 ％ confidence interval of sevoflurane were calculated.Results The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was significantly higher in D3 group than in D1 and D2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).In C,D1,D2 and D3 groups,the MAC (95％ confidence interval) of sevoflurane was 0.68％ (0.64％-0.74％),0.50％ (0.47％-0.52％),0.36％ (0.32％-0.41％) and 0.28％(0.26％-0.31％),respectively.The MAC-awake of sevoflurane was significantly lower in D1-3 groups than in group C,in D2 and D3 groups than in group D1,and in D3 group than in group D2 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.6μg/kg can significantly decrease the MAC of sevoflurane for sedation,induces no side effects and is the optimum dose in patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the median effective concentration (EC50) of propofol given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) at loss of consciousness (LOC).Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index ≤25 kg/m2,scheduled for operations under general anesthesia,were randomly allocated to one of four groups(n=20 each): control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg group (group D1),dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg group (group D2) and dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg group (group D3).Dexmedetomidine 0.4,0.5 and 0.6 μg/kg were infused intravenously over 10 min in groups D1-3,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of dexmedetomidine in group C.Propofol was then given by TCI and the EC50 was determined by up-and-down sequential trial.The target plasma concentration was set at 2.0μg/ml in the first patient in each group.The ratio of the target plasma concentration between the two consecutive patients was 1.1.Loss of response to eyelash stimulation and verbal command (2 times) was considered to be signs of LOC.The EC50 and 95％ confidence interval (CI) of propofol causing LOC were calculated.Complications such as bradycardia,hypotension and respiratory depression were recorded.Results The EC50 (95％ CI) of propofol causing LOC was 2.59 (2.51-2.67),2.09 (2.02-2.16),1.82 (1.70-1.95) and 1.60 (1.49-1.72) μg/ml in groups C and D1.3 respectively.The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in groups D1-3 than in group C.Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the EC50 of propofol required for causing LOC in a dose-dependent manner in groups D1-3 (P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of bradycardia and hypotension were significantly lower in groups D1.3 than in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group D1,the incidence of bradycardia was increased in groups D2,3 and the incidence of hypotension was increased in group D3 (P ＜ 0.05),There was no significant difference in the incidences of bradycardia and hypotension between groups D2 and D3 (P ＞ 0.05).No patients developed respiratory depression.Conclusion The optimum dose for dexmedetomidine infused intravenously when combined with propofol given by TCI is 0.4 μg/kg and it can decrease the EC50 of propofol administered by TCI at LOC with no adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo record the electrical activities of Antirior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons by in vivo multi-channel recording methods using the model of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced conditioned place avoidance (C-CPA), which has been set up in our previous studies.

METHODSThe electrode was self-made and the CPA responses were recorded by in vivo multi-channel recording method.

RESULTS(1) The electrical activities of ACC neurons could be successfully recorded by the self-made electrode. (2) Before or after the injection of CFA, rats were respectively conditioned to the different place. The firing rates of ACC neurons in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place was (0.853 ± 1.377) imp/s vs (0.221 ± 0.971) imp/s (P < 0.05, n = 26). (3) The CPA responses in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place were (303.55 ± 61.77)s vs (140.32 ± 33.52)s(P < 0.05, n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe firing rates of rACC (rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex) neurons were involved in the occurrence of the affective pain.

Animals ; Electrodes ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Gyrus Cinguli ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Pain ; diagnosis ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with primary hypothyroidism.Methods A total of 90 primary hypothyroidism patients untreated with thyroid hormone were selected.All the 90 patients were divided into subclinical hypothyroidism group,mild or moderate hypothyroidism group and serious hypothyroidism group,and 30 patients in each group.The other 30 healthy volunteers were selected as controls.Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used for the testing their orientation,immediate memory,attention and calculation,delayed recalling,linguistic competence,visual space and execution,naming ability and abstracting power.One-way analysis of variance was performed to determine significant differences among four groups.Results The MMSE scores in subclinical hypothyroidism group,mild or moderate hypothyroidism group and serious hypothyroidism group((27.53 ± 2.16),(26.90±1.88) and (24.80 ± 2.10) respectively) were lower than those of the control (28.23 ± 1.33).The MoCA scores of the above hypothyroidism groups ((23.57 ± 3.33),(2 1.60 ± 2.81) and (20.53 ± 3.03) respectively) were also lower than that of the control (26.63 ± 2.31) (P ＜ 0.05).Except for orientation and immediate memory,statistical significances of the other cognitive function were existed between hypothyroidism groups and the healthy controls (P＜ 0.05).With the increase in severity of hypothyroidism,the abnormality of attention,calculation,linguistic competence,visual space and executive ability,naming ability and abstracting power were appearing gradually in hypothyroidism groups (P ＜ 0.05),and the scores were low(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Defects of attention and calculation,delayed recalling,linguistic competence,visual space and execution,naming ability and abstracting power are existed in primary hypothyroidism patients.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of etomidate and remifentanil for endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).Methods Sixtynine ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 35-71 yr,weighing 41-83 kg,scheduled for elective EBUS-TBNA,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =23 each).In group Ⅰ,anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol and iv injection of fentanyl 4 μg/ml,and the target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set at 3-4 μg/ml.In group Ⅱ ,anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol ( Cp 3-4 μg/ml) and remifentanil ( Cp 5 ng/ml).In group Ⅲ ,anesthesia was induced with TCI of etomidate (Cp 0.3-0.4 μg/ml) and remifentanil (Cp 5 ng/ml).After the patients lost consciousness,laryngeal mask airway was inserted to perform mechanical ventilation.PETCO2 was maintained at 30-40 mm Hg.BIS value was maintained at 40-60.The use of vasoactive agents (perdipine,ephedrine,atropine and esmolol) and occurrence of bucking during operation,emergence time,and the occurrence of nausea and vomiting within 24 h after operation were recorded.Blood samples were collected from the femoral vein at 30 min before induction,at the end of operation and at 24 h after operation for determination of the plasma cortisol concentration.Results The incidence of bucking and nausea and vomiting was significantly lower,the emergence time was significantly shorter,and the number of patients who needed vasoactive agents during operation was significantly smaller in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in group Ⅰ ( P ＜ 0.05).The number of patients who needed vasoactive agents during operation was significantly smaller in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ (P ＜0.05).Compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased at the end of operation in group Ⅲ (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the plasma cortisol concentration at each time point between groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P＞0.05).Conclusion TCI of etomidate (Cp 0.3-0.4 μg/ml) and remifentanil (Cp 5 ng/ml) can provide satisfactory anesthesia for EBUS-TBNA with few adverse effects.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of atrovastatin on the expression of the NF-κB in renal tissues of diabetic rats.Methods A total of 60 male SD rats was randomly taken out 40 rats to make diabetic model by injection of 65mg streptozotoein (STZ) into enterocoelia,the rest of 20 rats were normal control group.After the model made,atrovastatin (2 mg/kg/d) was given to the treated group,and the normal control group and diabetic rats without treatment group were given equivalent water.After 12 weeks,the rats were killed.Total RNA of the renal tissues was isolated from one kidney for each rat,and the renal tissues from the another kidney was prepared for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.The NF-κB mRNA expressions among three groups were determined by RT-PCR.The distribution of NF-κB in the renal tissues was observed,and compared its difference among three groups.ResultsPCR showed that NF-κB mRNA was increased in the renal tissues of diabetic rats compared to control rats ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Drug-treated rats showed significantly decreased levels of NF-κB mRNA in the renal tissues compared to the untreated diabetic group( P ＜0.05).The results were also observed in protein lelel of NF-κB expression.IHC showed that there existed positive cells in the glomerular and renal tubulointerstitum.Conclusions Atrovastatin can down-regulate the expression of NF-κB and suppress the increased level of NF-κB protein in the renal tissue of diabetic rats,and slow the progress of retinopathy.