Abstract: Chigger mites belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida, sub-class Acari, order Parasitiformes, family Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae, with a wide range of species. There are more than 3 700 known species of mites globally, of which 531 species in 46 genera from three sub-families have been recorded in China, and 320 species of chigger mites recorded from 3 subfamilies and 32 genera in Yunnan Province. At this stage, chigger mites are the only vectors of scrub typhus, with about 60 species worldwide being potential vectors. Six vectorial mite species have been confirmed in China, including Leptotrombidium deliense, L.scutellare, L.rubellum, L.sialkotense, L.kaohuense, L.insulare. Yunnan Province has reported five vectorial mite species, including the previously-mentioned five species except for L.sialkotense. The zoogeographic study divided Yunnan Province into 5 zoogeographic areas, namely, Central Hengduan Mountains subregion, Southern Hengduan Mountains subregion, Eastern Yunnan Plateau subregion, Western Yunnan Plateau subregion, Southern Yunnan Mountainous subregion. The Southern Hengduan Mountains subregion has the highest number of known genera and species of scrub typhus and the highest number of scrub typhus cases, with 216 species in 22 genera from 3 subfamilies, and all 5 species of vector scrub typhus were distributed. Southern Yunnan Mountain subregion has the least number of mite species, with 91 species in 12 genera from three sub-families, with L. scutellare being the dominant vectorial mite species across the province. Due to suitable natural geographic conditions in Yunnan Province, vectorial mites can propagate rapidly, leading to a large number of scrub typhus cases. According to statistics, the number of scrub typhus cases in Yunnan Province has rapidly increased, with 15.40 times, 20.64 times and 28.91 times more cases in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively than in 2006. Scrub typhus remains a serious public health problem in Yunnan Province, posing a threat to the health of the local population. Therefore, prevention and control efforts should continue to focus on the affected areas and the general public.

Aim: To prepare chitosan nanoparticlescarrying gene and study its characteristics in vitro and in vivo.Methods:12-ACSs was dissolved in 0.05mol/L sodium acetate buffer to form a solution of 1mg/ml and a DNA(plasmid-encoding antisense ECE ) solution of 0.1mg/ml was dissolved in 25mmol/L Na2SO4.The charge ratio of components is selected as 2/1 for 12-ACSs /DNA complex.The complex was prepared by mixing 12-ACSs solution with DNA solution prior to observation by using transmission electron microscopy.Using Electrophoretic Retardation of DNA Migration detection,DNA precipitation,Binding Equilibration and DNase Resistivity Assay,the formation of 12-ACSs /DNA complex was determined and its stability was simultaneously evaluated.MTT Cell Proliferation Assays was performed on investigation of the cytotoxicity of 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE).The transfection efficiency of 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo was investigated in 16HBE cells and Balb/c mice.Results: 12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles (100~150nm) were observed by transmission electron microscopy.12-ACSs can protect the plasmid encoding antisence-ECE from degradation by DNase I.12-ACSs can transfer plasmid-encoding antisense ECE into 16HBE cells and into the airway epithelium in mice.As shown by fluorescent microscopy,green fluorescent protein reporter can be observed in the transfected cells as well as in the airway epithelium of the treated mice.And it showed a lower cell cytotocixity in cultured 16HBE cells and in mice treated with12-ACSs /DNA nanoparticles.Conclusion: In summery,the chitosan can be used as an effective protectant for DNA as well as an enhancer for in vitro gene transfection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of replication protein A (RPA) gene suppression on the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells (TE-1R ) and underlying mechanism. Methods A radioresistant human esophageal cancer cell line TE-1 R was screened out by fractionated irradiation to TE-1 cells,then siRPA1 or siRPa2 was transfected to TE-1R cells.The untransfected (Con) group and nonsense siRNA transfected (NC) group were set as control groups.The survival was measured with colony-forming assay and the cell cycle distribution was measured with flow eytometry.Results Compared with the Con and NC groups,the protein expression of RPA1 and RPA2 decreased significantly 48 h after siRPA1 and siRPA2 transfection.The D0,Dq,and SF2 values reduced from 2.09,1.70,0.85 in NC group to 1.67,0.71,0.44 and 1.82,0.89,0.51 in siRPAl and siRPA2 transfection groups,respectively.Accordingly,the sensitization enhancement ratios of Dq were 2.39 and 1.91,respectively.The G2/M arrest in siRPA1 and siRPA2 transfection groups increased from (18.701 3.14)％ of NC group to (26.95 ± 3.96)％ and (25.28 ± 2.74) ％ (t =2.827,2.853,P ＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions Knocking down of RPA1 or RPA2 genes can enhance the raidosensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells TE-1R,where the inhibition of radiation-induced sublethal damage repair may be involved.Accordingly,RPA may become a new target of radiosensitization in esophageal cancer.

Objective To compare the prognosis and life quality of patients with early-stage breast cancer(stage I or II)undergoing breast-conserving surgery or modified radical mastectomy.Methods 180 cases with early-stage breast cancer were divided into 2 groups:breast-conserving surgery group(BCS)and modified radical mastcctomy group(MRM),with 90 cases in each group.The 2 groups were all given radiotherapy,chemotherapy and endocrine therapy according to indications.The prognosis and life quality in the 2 groups were compared.Results The 5-year-postoperative follow-up showed there was no significant difference in duration of disease-free survival(DFS)of the 2 groups.However,life quality of BCS patients was significantly better than that of MRM patients in terms of general health,physical function,pain,vitality,social functioning,emotion and mental health.Conclusion Breast-conserving surgery is highly recommended for patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Objective To study the effect of low-level 84 disinfection solution on reproductive physiology of mice . Methods 72 KM mice were randomly divided into three groups :0.5%84 disinfection solution group ( group A) , 2.0%84 disinfection solution group (group B) and saline solution group (group C).12 males and 12 females in each group. Corresponding medicine was given once a day by intragastric gavage for 9 weeks.The estrous cycle of female mice was observed by exfoliative cytology of vagina .After 9 weeks, The sperm abnormality test was performed , Serum samples were taken for sex hormone test by ELISA, and the histological change of testis (or ovary), heart, liver, lung and kidney were observed.Results Compared with group C , No significant difference was observed in the weight variation and serum sex hormone level in group A and B (P >0.05).The difference of the estrous cycle of female mice was not significant (P >0.05).No histopathological abnormality was observed .Compared with group C, There was no significant difference in the rate of sperm abnormality in group A ( P >0.05 ) , but the rate in group B was significantly increased ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion 0.5% 84 disinfection solution has no significant effect on reproductive physiology of mice , The concentration of disinfection solution must be strictly controlled when used .

Objective:To assess the vision-related quality of life(VRQoL) of the patients with simple vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A scale of life quality for patients with visual impairment(AQoL-DVI) were administered to 96 patients before and 6 months following vitrectomy.Scale scores were compared with vison preoperatively and postoperatively.Results:The lowest scores were at the item of "social life" and "spiritual and psychological status" before the surgery.The scores of the questionnaires increased significantly after vitrectomy.The change of visual acuity after surgery was a chief independent factor of the changes of questionnaire scores due to vitrectomy.Conclusion:The quality of life of patients with simple vitreous hemorrhage decreases sharply.VRQoL improves obviously after vitrectomy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of gelatin sponge particles(GSP)or polyvinyl alcohol particles (PVA) for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data on 271 patients with bronchiectasis- or tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and rates of recurrence and complications were analyzed. Results A total 271 patients were included in this study, 176 of whom suffered from bronchiectasis and the rest 95 had tuberculosis. One-week cure rate was signifi-cantly higher in bronchiectasis group than in tuberculosis group(73.3%vs. 46.3%,P<0.05),and one-year recur-rence rate was significantly lower in bronchiectasis group(17.6%vs. 26.3%,P<0.05). One-year recurrence rate was slightly higher in patients receiving GSP than in those undergoing PVA(bronchiectasis group:22.2%vs. 10.3%, P<0.05;tuberculosis group:28.8%vs. 22.2%,P>0.05). No severe complications occurred. Conclusions In-terventional artery embolization therapy for hemoptysis secondary to bronchiectasis is better than tuberculosis-induced hemoptysis,and PVA is more effective than GSP. Recurrence of massive hemoptysis mostly occurrs within one month ,and most of the patients are complicated with blood supply and have a history of hemoptysis.

Objective To investigate the influence of obesity on renal lesion in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients by analyzing the association between obesity and absolute renal risk factors (ARR).Method Clinical-pathological data of IgAN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were collected retrospectively.According to the body mass index (BMI),patients were divided into non-obese group (BMI ＜ 28,N-OB group) and obese group (BMI≥28,OB group).Their clinical characteristics,pathological index and ARR scores were compared.The relationship of BMI and ARR was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression models.Results (1) A total of 674 IgAN patients with mean age of 35.5+ 11.3 years were enrolled,including 94 in OB group and 580 in N-OB group respectively.Compared with those in the N-OB group,the proportion of male,age,mean arterial pressure,blood uric acid,blood triglyceride,diabetes mellitus and hypertension increased in OB group (all P ＜ 0.01).Patients in OB group had lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and higher ARR score than those in N-OB group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) More severe thickening renal small artery wall and hyaline degeneration were observed in the OB group than in the N-OB group (all P ＜ 0.01).There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Lee classification,Oxford classification,mesangial cell proliferation,glomerular sclerosis,crescent formation,renal tubular atrophy,interstitial inflammatory cell in filtration and endothelial cell proliferation.(3) After adjusting for age,sex,blood uric acid,serum albumin,eGFR,low density lipoprotein,glomerular sclerosis,interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration,renal tubular atrophy and vascular wall thickening,BMI was still an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients (OR=1.09,95％ CI 1.03-1.14).Conclusions BMI is an independent risk factors for ARR in IgAN patients.Early prevention and control of obesity and its associated risk factors may improve outcomes of IgAN patients.

Background and purpose:The pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous lfap has been a common choice of tissue lfaps for head and neck reconstruction. Nowadays, with rapid advancement in microsurgery, free lfaps gradually replace the pedicled lfaps. However, not all patients are good candidates for reconstruction surgery using free tissue lfaps. Adjacent pedicled lfaps are safer and more reliable. This paper explores potential application of pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstruction of complex surgical defects following resection of advanced head and neck malignancies through modification of their preparation and repair method.Methods:Flap design scheme and method of preparation were modiifed to improve the pectoralis major muscle lfap. Fifty-one patients with surgical defects from resection of head and neck malignancies received reconstruction surgery using modiifed pectoralis major muscle lfaps.Results:Modiifed pectoralis major muscle lfaps survived completely in 51 patients. The area of defect regained its shape and appearance after reconstruction surgery. The area of defect obtained excellent functional recovery. Postoperative functional injuries to the donor sites were minimized.Conclusion:Modiifcation in designing and preparing method of the pectoralis major muscle flap improved repair range and distance in reconstruction of complex surgical defect following resection of head and neck malignancies. It also reduced necrosis rate of skin lfaps. Postoperative donor and recipient sites regained their appearance and functions successfully. The pectoralis major muscle lfap is one of the important tissue lfaps used in reconstruction of surgical defect following resection of a head and neck malignancy.

Objective: To study the relationship between Framingham risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD) and cognitive function in healthy community elders.
Methods: A total of 276 healthy community elders were evaluated by Framingham score to predict the risk for suffering from CAD in 10 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. High risk group (the risk > 20%), n=46, Mid risk group (the risk at 10%-20%), n=76 and Low risk group (the risk < 10%), n=154. The cognitive function was measured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and China adult intelligence scale (CISA). The differences of cognitive function levels to 3 CAD risk groups were studied.
Results: With the increased CAD incidence from Low risk, Mid risk to High risk groups, the MMSE score reduced accordingly (26.9 ± 1.45) vs (24.3 ± 1.53) vs (22.2 ± 1.43), P=0.014. Pearson analysis presented that MMSE score was negatively related to Framingham risk score (r=-0.213, P<0.001). There were several elements of cognitive function related to Framingham risk score including MMSE score, question answering, grid filling, oral arithmetic and word distinguishing (r=-0.247), (r=-0.167), (r=-0.132), (r=-0.152) and (r-0.256), all P<0.05.
Conclusion: CAD risk level was negatively related to cognitive function, the higher Framingham risk score resulted in the lower cognitive function in healthy community elder subjects.