Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignant tumor of infants.It not only seriously threats children's eyesight,but also endangers their lives.RB develops from the immature cells of retina and its occurrence is closely related with the tumor suppressor gene RB1.The inactivation of two alleles of RB1 is the basis of RB occurrence and development.With the rapid development of biological technology,RB gene related research has made great progress.Researches showed that there are many changes in the chromosome level of RB.Many genes are also involved in the development and progression of RB,including oncogene MYCN,murine double minute 4 (MDM4,also known as MDMX),driver protein family members 14 (K IF14),DEK,E2F3,tumor suppressor gene calcium 11 (CDH11) and so on.This review summarizes the progress in gene research of RB,reveal pathogenesis of RB on DNA molecular level and provides a scientific basis for clinical doctors to formulate effective therapeutic plans.

It was well known that the damage of skeletal muscle occurred and exercise performance declined after one prolonged eccentric exercise.But there were few studies on the adaptation to the continuous eccentric exercise in skeletal muscle.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of downhill running once(group B) and for one week(group C ) on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle.Serum CK and LDH were determined, too.The results showed that the training had obvious effects on α-actin gene expression of rat gastrocnemius muscle in group B and C.In group B, serum CK and LDH recovered obviously 7 days after training, but not to the normal value.In group C, it recovered to the normal.These results suggest that the recovery of the damage after first training had been accelerated by the continuous eccentric exercise, the subjects gradually adapted to exercise.

Surgery and endovascular techniques are the most important methods in treating lower limb atherosclerosis occlusion.Different strategies should be adopted according to the features of lesion in lower limb.This article reviews the latest clinical outcomes in treating lower limb atheroselerosis occlusion with surgery and endovascular techniques.

Objective To observe the effect of treating child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji. Methods A total of 100 children with anorexia were randomly recruited into a control group (40 cases)and a treatment group (60 cases). The control group was treated with Shibeigao ganule, and the treatment group was treated with Jianpichongji. Therapeutic effects between the two groups after the treatment were compared. Results The total effective rate was 90.0% and 77.5% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, showing statistical difference (P=0.035).Conclusion It was effective to treat child anorexia belonging to deficiency of spleen and stomach type with Jianpichongji.

Objective To observe the change of peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore its clinical significance. Methods The clinical data and lymphocyte subsets of 40 active UC patients who admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital,from June 2007 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who had previously used immunosuppressants or tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody were excluded. Seventy-nine subjects with health examination served as controls. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets detected included total T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and NK cells. Only the first detection results of UC patients were used for analysis. Results The proportion of total T cells for UC patients (73.60% ± 8.35% ) was significantly higher than the controls (69. 76% ±7.37%) (P =0.012). CD8+T cell ratio (35.53% ± 10.99%) was significantly higher than the controls ( 30. 56% ± 6. 75 % ) ( P = 0. 011 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to inflammatory involvement,the total T cells, CD8 +T cell, and NK cell ratio were significantly different among pancolitis, non-pancolitis, and the controls ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to the disease course, the total T cells and CD8 + T cell ratio were significantly different among chronic recurrent/persistent, onset, and the controls ( both P ＜ 0.05 ). When the UC patients were stratified according to the extraintestinal manifestations, the total T cells and CD8 + T cell ratio were significantly different among those with extraintestinal manifestations, those without extraintestinal manifestations, and the controls ( both P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions The proportion of total T cells and CD8 + T cells increase in UC patients. Such immune abnormalities are even more distinctive in those UC patients who suffer from pancolitis or chronic recurrent/persistent type or those with extraintestinal manifestations.

Objective To explore the effect of PCEA on intestinal peristalsis.Methods 120 patients with ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ lower abdominal or lower limbs surgery were randomly divided into four groups with 30 cases each and received PCEA at the end of operation sespectively.Group A were given 0.0002% fentanyl,0.2% Ropivacaine and 0.005 % Droperidol;0.01% morphine,0.2% Ropivacaine and 0.005% droperidol in group B;0.2% Ropivacaine in group C;0.9% saline in group D.Postoperative analgesia was provided by PCA pump with LCP model.Results Satisfactory analgesia in group A was 93%,97% in group B 47% in group C and 13% in group D.Both group A and B did not show any significant difference in the analgesic effects(P＞ 0.05).Satisfactory analgesia in group A and B were significantly better than in group C and D(P＜0.05).The renewal of intestinal peristalsis were significantly faster in lower limbs surgery patients than lower abdominal patients(P＜ 0.01),but it did not show any significant difference in the same kinds of surgery in four groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Both group A and B can get a satisfied analgesia effect;intestinal peristalsis of lower limbs surgery patients renewed were shorter than in lower abdominal patients.

Abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is divided into the anatomical and functional ones. Anatomical abnormality includes stenosis and insufficiency, and the dyskinesia of sphincter of Oddi is composed of hypermotility and hypomotility. Many biliopancreatic diseases are associated with the abnormality of sphincter of Oddi, which include congenital pancreaticobiliary maljunction, gallstones, primary choledocholithiasis and hepatolithiasis, post-cholecystectomy syndrome, and pancreatitis. The proper acknowledgement of abnormality of sphincter of Oddi is of importance to improve the diagnosis and therapy of corresponding biliopancreatic diseases.

This article introduces the explorations in improving minimally invasive therapies and techniques for intra-and extrahepatic bile duct stones in this center,including laparoscopic choledocholithotomy without the placement of T tube,laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones using an anastomosis stapler for liver partition,and modification of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.The improved therapies and techniques above have achieved good clinical effects,and a scientific judgment of their clinical effects still depends on a large number of cases and randomized controlled clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE:To change Chinese current irrational drugs use condition so as to promote rational drug use.METHODS:To analysis the causes of the irrational use of drugs in our country and some countermeasures were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The situation of irrational use of drugs in our country is quite serious,there is a long way to go before we can use drugs in a rational way,which needs the co-efforts of functional authority department of the government,hospitals,doctors and pharmacists,as well as the attention and cooperation of people in the whole society.

Aged ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Ischemia ; etiology