Objective To study the relationship of cataract with lens epithelial cell apoptosis and autophagy by observing the ultrastructure of age-related and diabetic cataract lens epithelial cells.Methods Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the apoptotic and autophagic morphology of the lens epithelial cells in 5 cases with age-related and diabetic cataract respectively,and in 2 cases with normal lens.Results The apoptosis and autophagy of lens epithelial cells was found in cases with age-related and diabetic cataract,while no expression was observed in control lens epithelial cells.Conclusion The apoptosis and autophagy of lens epithelial cells are closely related to age-related and diabetic cataract formation.

Objective To investigate the difference of the protein expression in serum of rats with acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP) and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP),and to investigate serum marker for acute pancreatitis severity.Methods The model of AEP and ANP was induced by retrograde injection of 4％ or 5％ sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.Weak cation exchange (WCX2) and surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry ( SELDI TOF MS) was used to investigate the difference of the protein expression in serum of rats with AEP and ANP.Results Thirty-eight spectral peak clusters which had significantly different signal intensities between AEP and ANP sera at mass charge ratio between 1000-50 000(P ＜0.05) were detected.The peak clusters at 9500 and 9700 in the sera of AEP were higher than that in ANP rata.Conclusions Serum analysis with SELDI-TOF MS can detect the difference of the protein expression in rats with AEP and ANP.The decreased expression of the protein of molecular weight of 9500 and 9700 may be a signal of AEP transition into ANP.

Objective To analyze the incidence of remaining symptoms after discectomy with different operation,and investigate its causes and clinical significance.Methods Two hundred and twentyfour patients were followed up.The incidence of remaining symptoms and clinicai situation after discectomy were observed with different operation:discectomy (110 patients,single group),discectomy with bone grafting internal fixation (70 patients,fusion group),and discectomy with dynamic fixation (44 patients,non-fusion group).The SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results One hundred and sixpatients (47.32％,106/224) occurred remaining symptoms in 224 patients.In single group was 69 patients (62.73％,69/110),in fusion group was 26 patients (37.14％,26/70),and in non-fusion group was 11 patients (25.00％,11/44).The incidence of remaining symptoms among three groups was significant difference(x2 =22.177,P =0.000).The incidence of remaining symptoms in single group was significantly higher than that in non-fusion group and fusion group (x2 =17.921,P =0.000;x2 =11.235,P =0.001).The incidence of remaining symptoms in non-fusion group and fusion group had no significant difference (x2 =1.817,P =0.178).Conclusions There is significantly different in the incidence of lumbar disc herniation with different surgery methods.Discectomy with bone grafting internal fixation and with dynamic fixation can effectively reduce the incidence of remaining symptoms.

Objective To investigate the effects of Yishen dianpi Yangxue Tongli Fang (YSJP) on IGF-1 mRNA expression in the ovary of PCOS rat, and study its mechanism on the molecular level. Methods Seventy two female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, clomifene group and low-, mid-, high-dose Chinese medicine group. The animal model established by capsulae levonorgestreli silasticus was used to observe the IGF-1 mRNA expression in ovary by hybridization in situ. Results IGF-1 mRNA expression of PCOS model group was higher than the normal control group obviously. The semi-quantitative image analysis showed that TCM treatment could decrease IGF-1 mRNA expression. Conclusion Yishen Jianpi Yangnue Tongli Fang could decrease the IGF-1 mRNA expression in ovary and improve the insulin resistance of PCOS rats.

This study was aimed to carry the post-marketing revaluation on classical Tibetan medicine of the Seven-ty-flavor Pearl Pill, which will help improve its scientificity, safety and standardization in order to promote its indus- trial development. Literature mining method was used to summarize research information of the Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill, such as the clinical pharmacy sorting. Meanwhile, the successful example of Padma-28 was referred in the analysis of deficiencies in the indications of Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill. The results showed the present situation of clinical combination therapy, pharmacology and toxicology study of Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill. It was concluded that the building of new model of post-marketing revaluation on the Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill can provide re-evaluation scientific basis for Tibetan medicine on its clinical effectiveness and safety.

Objective:To study the role of protein kinase C-δin the Dectin-1-Src-Syk-mediated killing of Candida albicans by macrophages and investigate the molecular mechanism of antifungal innate immunity .Methods:Cell surface receptors were accessed by Flow Cytometry.Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages were pre-incubated with different protein kinase inhibitors and then stimulated with C.albicans.The phosphorylation of related proteins was determined by Western blot.The ROS production,phagocytosis and killing of C.albicans by macrophages were measured.Results:Either Src or Syk inhibitor reduced C.albicans induced PKC-δphos-phorylation.PKC-δinhibitor Rottlerin reduced p40phox phosphorylation,ROS production and killing of C.albicans but had no effect on the phagocytosis of C.albicans by macrophages.Conclusion:PKC-δinhibitor Rottlerin reduced the killing of Candida albicans by mac-rophages through the inhibition of NADPH complex activation and ROS production ,suggesting that PKC-δplays an important role in an-tifungal innate immunity.

Objective To study the changes in miRNAs expression in the exosomes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) after 60 Co γ-rays expose using microRNA(miRNA) chips and bioinformatics techniques so as to provide new clues to the mechanism of radiation-induced vascular tissue injury and its bystander effects.Methods HUVECs exosomes were collected in the control and 4 Gy irradiated cells by ultra-high-speed centrifugation,and further confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting of exosomes biomarkers.miRNA microarray was used to analyze miRNA expression profiles of exosomes and cells.Also,real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to verify differentially expressed miRNAs,and the miRDB and TargetScan were performed to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs.Bioinformatics analysis was performed using DAVID,KEGG and other online tools.Results Compared with the control exosomes from non-irradiated HUVECs,miRNA microarray analysis revealed that 5 up-regulated,and 13 down-regulated miRNAs were identified in the exosomes from HUVECs at 0.5 h after 4 Gy-irradiation,and 16 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated miRNAs at 2 h after 4 Gy-irradiation.Moreover,38 and 85 miRNAs were differentially expressed respectively in the HUVECs at 0.5 h and 2 h after radiation.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The results of bioinformatics showed that these miRNAs might exert the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) by regulating MAPK signal pathways,RAS and PI3K-Akt signal pathways.Conclusion The ionizing radiation injury significantly alters the components and expression levels of exosomal miRNAs,which play important roles in regulating the signal pathways in response to radiation.

BackgroundPterygia is a clinical common disease.A lot of surgical methods are developed to decrease the recurrence rate.Resent years,the application of fibrin glue is receiving more and more attention.Objective This study was to explore the effects of fibrin glue in decreasing inflammatory irritation and its mechanism. Methods Pterygia models were created in 12 clean rabbits by exsection of limbal tissue and topical administration of 1.25％ diluted hydrochloric acid,and then the conjunctival autograft surgery was performed in the experimental rabbits.The conjunctival flap was sutured in the left eyes,and the conjunctival wound was closed using fibrin glue in the right eyes.The operation duration for each group was documented and compared.The irritation sign was examined under the slit lamp in all the rabbits 1 week and 4 weeks respectively.The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VFGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) proteins in the conjunctiva tissue were detected by immunochemistry,and the expressions of VFGF mRNA and bFGF mRNA in the conjunctival tissue were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The operative duration was (21.3±0.2) minutes in suture group and( 10.1 ±0.1 )minutes in the fibrin glue group with a significant difference between two groups( t =102.242,P＜0.05 ).From 1 week through 4 weeks,the hyperemiain degree was obviously slight in fibrin glue group compared with suture group.Immunochemistry showed that VEGF and bFGF proteins were expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of conjunctival epithelium layer.The positive response intensity was weaker in the fibrin glue group than in suture group 1 week and 4 weeks after operation.RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of VEGF mRNA was significantly lower in fibrin glue group than in suture group,and the VEGF mRNA was gradually decreased with the time lapse ( Fgroup =174.443,P =0.000 ; Ftime =231.459,P =0.000 ).The similar outcomes were found in the expression of bFGF mRNA(Fgroup=41.727,P=0.000;Ftime=55.417,P=0.000). ConclusionsThe use of fibringluecanshortentheoperationdurationandreducepostoperationinflammatoryreaction.The downregulation of VEGF and bFGF in tissue is the possible mechanism of remitting irritation sign,which allows a reduce of the recurrence rate of pterygia.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) and the recovery cycle of the MIR reflex after magnetic stimulation in normal subjects.

METHODSIn 30 healthy subjects we studied the MIR evoked by single magnetic stimulation in the mental territory. Masseter electromyographic activity, latency and duration of the early silent periods (SP1) and late silent periods (SP2), and SP2 amplitude percent were recorded. Paired stimuli technique was used, conditioning and test stimuli were delivered at different interstimulus intervals (ISI), ie.100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ms, then the recovery cycle of the MIR was analyzed.

RESULTSLatency of SP1 was 12.1 (11.1, 14.4) ms, and duration of the SP1 was (17.3 ± 2.9) ms. Latency of SP2 was (47.7 ± 6.0) ms, and duration of the SP2 was (39.7 ± 13.3) ms. SP2 amplitude percent was 100.0%. With the paired stimuli technique, SP1 of the inhibitory reflex evoked by the test stimuli was found to be stable at every ISIs, but SP2 of the inhibitory reflex evoked by the test stimuli, instead, varied according to different ISI. With the short ISI, the area of SP2 evoked by the test stimuli was reduced, and with the increase of the ISI, the recovery degree of the area of SP2 evoked by the test stimuli was ascending, at 100 ms the SP2 amplitude percent was 17.1%, at 400 ms it was 93.4%, and it was close to 100% at 600 ms.

CONCLUSIONSThe study indicates that the use of the MIR elicited by the single and paired magnetic stimulation may be useful to examine or quantify some craniofacial diseases.

Adult ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; physiology ; Reaction Time ; physiology ; Reflex ; physiology ; Young Adult

Objective To report the microsurgical outeome of the meningiomas located in the eranio- cervical junction.Methods Seven eases of meningiomas arising from the craniocervical junction operated with microsurgical technique by use of the posterior approaehes including the suboccipital approach,the lower lateral suhoecipital approach and for lateral approach.Reviewed the related ariieales and were analysed relative to their approach selection and outcomes were analysed.Results The tumors ranged in size from 0.8 to 4.8 cm and the tumors location with 2 cases posterior,3 cases anterior and 2 cases lateral to the brain stem.3 in 7 cases were operated by use of the suboccipital approach,2 in 7 cases with the lower lateral suboccipital ap- proach and 2 in 7 cases with farlateral approach.Total excisions were got in 6 of 7 cases,4 in 6 cases with Simpson gradeⅠand 2 in 6 cases withⅡ.The subtotal excision was got in 1 of 7 cass.Follow-up with 6 ca- ses between 6 to 36 months,the occupied symptoms in 6 cases improved good.No remnant tumor and recur- rent were found in the MRI follow-up.Conclusion By using of the proper posterior approaches,the micro- surgical outonmes of the meningiomas arising from craniocervical junction are good.