Objective To investigate the undergraduates′cognition ,attitude and behavior about low‐carbon life and then to provide a relatively scientifically strategy .and provide scientific basis to formulate countermeasures about undergraduates′low‐car‐bon lifestyle .Methods By multistage sampling ,382 students′knowledge ,attitude and practice about low‐carbon life in Wuhan Uni‐versity of science and technology were analyzed .Results The students′cognition about low‐carbon life was good ,the awareness rate of girl was higher than that of boy ;Their attitude was positive ,grade and knowledge awareness were the two influence factors ;the behavior situation was unsatisfactory ,the origin of students and attitude enthusiasm were the elements affect rationality of be‐havior .Conclusion Undergraduates should strengthen the cognition of low‐carbon life ,improve attitude enthusiasm ,and form a good behavioral habit of low‐carbon life .

Objective To meet the needs of the development of modern medicine and train health technical talent for basic level. Methods Using heuristic approach,and multi-form discussions,case teaching method,reform teaching methods,optimizing teaching content. Result Survey results showed that the satisfaction degree was high and it effectively enhanced the concept of preventive medicine and the actual working capacity. Conclusion Through teaching reform,the students’ ability to prevente and cure diseases,to analyze and solve problem has been markedly enhanced,and this approach can be widely used.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the quantity and function of circulating dendritic cells (DC) in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

METHODSHigh dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) at a dose of 40 mg orally per day for four consecutive days was the initial treatment for chronic ITP patients. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the number of myeloid DC (mDC), plasma cytoid DC (pDC) and CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in patients before and after the treatment, meanwhile the co-stimulatory molecules on circulating DCs were assayed as well. Monocyte-derived DCs and CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with autologous or allogeneic normal fresh platelets and after 6 days of incubation H-TdR was used to assay the proliferation of CD4+ T cells.

RESULTSThe absolute numbers of circulating mDC and pDC were not significantly different between pre-treatment patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05 and P >0.05). However, percentage of CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells was decreased (P < 0.01), and their percentage was inversely correlated with the number of pDC and mDC (r = -0.396, P =0.045 and r = -0.410, P =0.037). The initial response rate to HD-DXM was 92.3%. After 4-days treatment, CD4 FOXP3+ Treg cells increased (P <0.01) while pDCs decreased (P <0.01). Although mDCs increased after HD-DXM (P <0.05), their CD11c expression level was decreased (P < 0.01), the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) decreased from 340 +/- 30 before treatment to 199 +/- 21 after treatment. The inverse correlation between pDCs and CD4+ FOXP3+ Treg cells remained (r= -0.524, P =0.006) while that between mDCs and Treg cells disappeared (r = - 0.360, P =0.071). The MFI of CD86 on DCs was higher in ITP patients than in healthy controls (P <0.05), while the proportions of CD86, CD40, CD80 and the MFI of CD40, CD80 in ITP patients were normal (P > 0.05). DCs from chronic ITP patients co-cultured with autologous or allogeneic platelets were highly efficient in stimulating autologous CD4+ T cells proliferaton as compared to those derived from healthy donors (P < 0.05 and P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONDCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic ITP in relation with CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.

Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; blood ; immunology

Special emphasis about cancer metastasis was concentrated on tumor cells themselves, and we usually considered the ability of migration and invasion was the final decider. Recently, bewaring of tumor microenvironment is a fundamental determinant in metastasis has become the most outstanding breakthrough. Considerable "microbes" in the microenvironment are closely linked with tumor metastatic behaviors, and the major proportion of them is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Actually, TAMs conserve immediate "cross-talk" with cancer cells throughout tumor development. It is generally accepted that TAMs have mostly pro-tumoral functions and play an important role in several stages of tumor progression. This progression involves a series of events that leads from the primary site to the metastatic site, including tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, intravasation and finally extravasation at distant site where the process begins again (metastasis). Thereby, TAMs has attracted substantial attentions in recent years and could become a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the multi-functions of TAMs in cancer and certain drugs targeting TAMs for cancer treatment those are under experimental research procedures or have even been entered human clinical tests.
Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. It has been associated with angiogenesis, growth, metastasis and poor prognosis in solid tumors. Lately, it has been known that VEGF expression is higher in bone marrow from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients than that in normal subjects. However, it is not clarified that the effect of VEGF on the abnormal proliferation of CML cells. In order to explore the effect of autocrine VEGF on CML cells, K562 cells were transfected with the VEGF(121) cDNA sense vector (K562/S) or with the VEGF(121) cDNA antisense vector (K562/As). K562 cells were transfected with the pcDNA(3) vector (K562/V) as the control. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT and colony forming assay in vitro. Flow cytometric Annexin-V-FITC/PI dual labeling technique was performed to observe the effect of VEGF(121) cDNA transfection on apoptosis of K562 cells. Results indicated that K562/S transfectants exhibited a 3-fold increase in VEGF secretion, and K562/As transfectants exhibited a 49% reduction in VEGF secretion. K562/As showed a reduced growth rate and colony forming efficiency as compared to K562/V. K562/S showed an increasing growth rate and colony forming efficiency as compared to K562/V. K562/As had more apoptotic cells than K562/V and K562/S in the same culture condition. These data suggest that VEGF plays an important role in the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis in CML cells through an autocrine mechanism.

To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on beta1 integrin (VLA-4 and VLA-5) activation ability in K562 cells transfected with antisense VEGF121 cDNA, K562 cells were transfected with antisense (As), sense (S) and vector (V, pcDNA(3)). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression rate of VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) and VLA-5 (CD49e/CD29) and beta1 integrin activation ability in the transfected K562 cells. The results showed that the expression rates of VLA-4 and VLA-5 were more than 92% in the transfected K562 cells and there was no difference among the K562/V, K562/S and K562/As cells. However, beta1 integrin activated 9EG7 expression rate in K562/As cells was higher than that in K562/V cells [(75.6 +/- 10.5)% vs (41.2 +/- 2.1)%, P < 0.01)] after activation with beta1 integrin activator 8A2. It is concluded that function of beta1 integrin to be activated is restored in K562 cells transfected with antisense VEGF121 cDNA.
DNA ; genetics ; DNA, Antisense ; genetics ; Endothelial Growth Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Integrin alpha4beta1 ; biosynthesis ; Integrin alpha5beta1 ; biosynthesis ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Lymphokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of quantification of WT1 mRNA for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODSWT1 mRNA level was detected with real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RQ-PCR) technique in bone marrow samples from 15 normal subjects (NBM) and 123 AML patients. Sixty-two AML samples were also detected AML1-ETO mRNA expression by RQ-PCR. Simultaneously follow-up of WT1 and AML1-ETO levels were carried out in 50 samples from 8 AML patients. WT1 and AML1-ETO levels were normalized by internal control ABL gene.

RESULTSAll correlation co-efficiencies were over 0.99 for WT1, AML1-ETO and ABL standard curves. Co-efficiencies of both interassay and intraassay variation were below 4%. The WT1 expression levels in NBM were 0.001 to 0.019 with a median level of 0.008. Higher levels of WT1 expression were found in 61 of 67 (91%) newly diagnosed AML patients compared with NBMs and 37 of the 67 (55.2%) showed 100-fold higher WT1 levels than that in NBMs. WT1 mRNA levels were highest in M(4EO) and M(3) and lowest in M(1) and M(5) patients. There was an excellent correlation between WT1 and AML1-ETO gene expression levels (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). WT1 expression levels in three patients who were in continuous complete hematological remission (CHR) were within normal range. In three of four relapsing patients, WT1 expression levels increased 31.4, 11.4 and 4.0 fold respectively one month before hematological relapse.

CONCLUSIONSQuantification of WT1 expression level by RQ-PCR may be used to monitor MRD for most AML patients, but it is less sensitive than fusion gene. Continuous or significant increase of WT1 expression in CHR patients predicts an impending relapse.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm, Residual ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein ; Recurrence ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; WT1 Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated transfer of PDCD5 gene on apoptosis of K562 cells induced by etoposide. Recombinant adenovirus PDCD5 (Ad-PDCD5), control vectors Ad-null and Ad-eGFP were constructed by AdMax vector system respectively. After K562 cells were transfected by Ad-PDCD5, Ad-null or Ad-eGFP with different multiplicity of infection (MOI), the expression level of the PDCD5 gene was examined by RQ-RT-PCR assay. The effects of etoposide in combination with Ad-PDCD5 on the proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells were measured by using MTT assay and flow cytometry with Annexin-V-FITC/PI dual labeling technique, respectively. The results showed that the transfection efficiencies of Ad-eGFP in K562, Jurkat and CEM cells ranged from 60% to 86%. Expression level of PDCD5 gene in K562 cells was evidently increased following transfection with Ad-PDCD5. The Ad-PDCD5 synergistically enhanced the apoptotic percentage of K562 cells induced by VP-16, as compared with that of Ad-null + VP16 and VP-16 alone respectively. It is concluded that Ad-PDCD5 may be a potential agent for enhancing the chemotherapy effect.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Etoposide ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

The objective of this study was to estimate a novel apoptosis-promoting molecule PDCD5 expression in the bone marrow cells from adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for investigation of its significance in the pathogenesis of AML. Flow cytometry assay was used for detection of PDCD5 expression in the different groups of cells from bone marrow of AML patients and normal controls by using 21 monoclonal antibodies with different fluorescent markers. The PDCD5 expressions in bone marrow cells from some AML patients and normal controls were also detected by Western blot. The results showed that the mean PDCD5 fluorescence intensity in bone marrow nucleated cells (MNC) from the bone marrow of 36 untreated AML patients was significantly lower than that from the bone marrow of 30 normal controls (3059 +/- 1392) vs (7432 +/- 1261) (P < 0.01). The mean PDCD5 fluorescence intensity was lower in the marrow granulocytes, monocytes, blast cells, and lymphocytes from untreated AML patients than that from normal (3939 +/- 2121) vs (8367 +/- 1045); (3156 +/- 1635) vs (5917 +/- 2329); (2824 +/- 1592) vs (3998 +/- 2106); (1474 +/- 816) vs (3355 +/- 2042) respectively, (all P < 0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that PDCD5 expression was significantly decreased in the AML cells, as compared with normal cells. It is concluded that PDCD5 expression in MNC in untreated AML patients is lower than that in the normal. PDCD5 expression in the marrow granulocytes, monocytes, blast cells, and lymphocytes of untreated AML patients is significantly lower than that in the normal. It suggests that the abnormally low expression of PDCD5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AML.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between three types of bcr/abl fusion transcripts and clinical manifestation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

METHODM-, m- and micro -bcr/abl fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in 537 fresh bone marrow samples of patients suspected CML clinically.

RESULTSOf 573 patients, 479 expressed M-bcr/abl transcripts, among whom 370 were in chronic phase (CP), and 109 in accelerated (AP)/blastic phase (BP). The percentages of patients with b2a2 transcripts in CP and AP/BP were 32.4% (120/370) and 36.7% (40/109) (P > 0.05). The b2a2 transcript patients in blastic crisis were 52.6% (10/19) for lymphoblastic and 33.3% (30/90) for myeloblastic (P > 0.05). The platelet count of untreated patients with b3a2 isoform [(485.9 +/- 333.8) x 10(9)/L, n = 125] was distinctly higher than those with b2a2 isoform [(380.5 +/- 321.9) x 10(9)/L, n = 62] (P < 0.05). 66.0% (31/47) and 64.4% (29/45) of the patients in CP and AP/BP respectively co-expressed M- and m-bcr/abl transcripts (P > 0.05). One patient expressed only m-bcr/abl transcript was of typical acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Both two micro -bcr/abl(+) patients were of typical CML.

CONCLUSIONSAlmost all typical CML patients express M-bcr/abl transcripts, most of them coexpress M-bcr/abl and m-bcr/abl transcripts, a few possesses only micro -bcr/abl fusion gene. m-bcr/abl(+) are usually associated with AML or CML in myeloblastic crisis besides acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients with b3a2 isoform are prone to higher platelet count before treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics