AIM: To study the infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( PMNs ) after conjunctival flap covering in alkali-burned cornea.
●METHODS: Rabbit cornea alkali-burned model was made, then 50 rabbits were randomly divided into the experimental group ( n=25 ) and the control group ( n=25 ) . At the same time the surgery of conjunctival flap covering was given to rabbits of the experimental group. The condition developing of alkali-burned cornea was observed by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and took photos in two groups. The infiltration of PMNs was identified by hematoxylin eosin ( HE) staining in different periods.
●RESULTS:The quantity of PMNs increased on the 3d, reached the lower level on 7d, shown a peak on the 14d, then decreased gradually. PMNs level of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference of 3, 14 and 21d was significant (P<0. 05).
●CONCLUSION: During the wound healing process, alkali - burned cornea has close relation with the infiltration of PMNs. The treatment of conjunctival flap covering for the severe alkali-burned cornea was found to have good effect.

Objective To detect the antitumor activity against SW620 and syngenic colon cancer SW480 by a fusion of human metastatic colon cancer SW620 cells and human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Methods SW620 cells and human peripheral blood- derived DCs were fused with polyethylene glycol(PEG). The fusion cells were confirmed by "phenotypes determine, morphologic observation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte response induced by the fusion were studied. Results Mature DCs with highly expressed surface markers (HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and CD80, CD86, CD83) were generated in vitro. The fusion of SW620 cells with DC resulted in a hybrid cell with morphologic as well as phenotypic characteristics of both DC and tumor cells. Flow cytometry showed that the highest fusion efficiency was 27. 12%. CTL assay demonstrated that the DC/SW620 fusion induced specific cytotoxic responses against the SW620 and SW480 cells. Conclusion The fusion of tumor cells with DCs induces tumor rejection.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine colon cancer cell lines to determine whether Stat5b/Survivin plays an important role in the process of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. METHODS: Protein lysates were extracted from colon cancer cells. Human colon cancer cell line HT29 was transfected with Stat5b antisense oligonucleotide mediated by liposome. MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis. EMSA was used to detect the activity of Stat5. Western blotting was applied to measure the expression of Stat5, p-Stat5, cyclin D1, Survivin, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. RESULTS: Targeting of Stat5 using antisense oligonucleotide against the translation site resulted in apoptosis and downregulaed the expressions of Stat5, p-Stat5, cyclin D1 and Survivin, but not Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. CONCLUSION: Constitutive activation of Stat5 is associated with the carcinogenesis of colon cancer cells. Blocking of Stat5 signaling inhibits the expression of Survivin and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors in thrombin titration for the determination of anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman. Methods: The white porcelain plates were used as the titration carriers instead of tubes in the titration ( called white porcelain method for short) . The effect of different carriers, interval time of titration and thrombin concentration on the results of anticoagulant activity test was studied. Results:Under the same conditions, the anticoagulant activity was more accurate and stable using white porcelain method. Using white porcelain method with 20 u·ml-1 or 10 u·ml-1 as the thrombin concentration and titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the thrombin consumption volume was linear with the sample concentration within the range of 0. 125-0. 333 g·ml-1(r20 =0. 961 and r10 =0. 992), and the anticoagulant activity respectively was (33. 08 ± 2. 64) and (31. 24 ±1.32) u·g-1(RSD20 =8.0% and RSD10 =4.2%). As for a certain sample concentration (0.333 g·ml-1), the theoretical error of determination was not more than 10% and 5%. Conclusion:The improved white porcelain method is more suitable for determining anticoagulant activity of Whitmania Pigra Whitman with more stable results and accurate end point states than tube method. Under the conditions of 10 u·ml-1 thrombin concentration, titrating 5μl each time, once every minute, the linearity, accuracy and precision are all promising.

Autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and cell cycle re-entry are implicated in the vulnerable neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This study was designed to testify the association among autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and cell cycle in dividing neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. The N2a cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. They were randomly divided into control group (cells cultured in normal culture medium) and 3-MA group (cells treated with 10 mmol/L 3-MA). The cell cycle was analyzed in the two groups 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of mitofission 1 (Fis1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), cell cycle-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cdc2. The flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of cells in G(2)/M was significantly increased, and that in G0/G1 was significantly reduced in the 3-MA group as compared with the control group. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of Fis1, LC3, and CDK4 were significantly up-regulated in the 3-MA group at the four indicated time points as compared with the control group. Mfn2 was initially decreased in the 3-MA group, and then significantly increased at 6 h or 12 h. Cdc2 was significantly increased in the 3-MA group at 3 h and 6 h, and then dropped significantly at 12 h and 24 h. Our data indicated that 3-MA-induced suppressed autophagy may interfere with the cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics, and cause cell death. There are interactions among cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in neurons.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enantioselectivity of norgestrel (NG) transdermal permeation and the potential influence of linalool and lipids on the enantioselectivity. In vitro skin permeation studies of NG across the excised rat skins were performed with Valia-Chien diffusion cells, and the permeation samples were analyzed by enantioselective HPLC. The possible enantioselective permeation of NG across intact rat back skin and lipids extracted rat back skin and the influence of linalool were evaluated. The skin permeation rate of dl-NG was two times higher than that of l-NG when donor solutions (EtOH/H2O 2 : 8, v/v) containing l-NG or dl-NG. It may be mainly attributed to the solubility discrepancy between enantiomer and racemate. The enantioselective permeation of dl-NG across intact rat skin was observed when the donor solutions containing dl-linalool. The permeation flux of l-NG was 22% higher than that of d-NG. But interestingly, the enantioselective permeation of dl-NG disappeared under the same experimental condition except that the lipid extracted rat skin was used. Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of stratum corneum showed that the wave number for asymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations of lipids treated with dl-linalool was greater than that of the control. The results indicated that the enantioselective permeation of NG may be contributed by the interaction between dl-linalool and lipids. More than half of lipids were composed of ceramides. The stereospecific interaction maybe existed among chiral enhancer (linalool), lipids (ceramides) and/or chiral drugs (NG).
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Lipids ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Norgestrel ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Stereoisomerism

Adolescent ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Therapeutic Irrigation

Autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and cell cycle re-entry are implicated in the vulnerable neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This study was designed to testify the association among autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and cell cycle in dividing neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. The N2a cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of 3-methyladenine (3-MA). The cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. They were randomly divided into control group (cells cultured in normal culture medium) and 3-MA group (cells treated with 10 mmol/L 3-MA). The cell cycle was analyzed in the two groups 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression levels of mitofission 1 (Fis1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), cell cycle-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cdc2. The flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of cells in G(2)/M was significantly increased, and that in G0/G1 was significantly reduced in the 3-MA group as compared with the control group. Western blotting showed that the expression levels of Fis1, LC3, and CDK4 were significantly up-regulated in the 3-MA group at the four indicated time points as compared with the control group. Mfn2 was initially decreased in the 3-MA group, and then significantly increased at 6 h or 12 h. Cdc2 was significantly increased in the 3-MA group at 3 h and 6 h, and then dropped significantly at 12 h and 24 h. Our data indicated that 3-MA-induced suppressed autophagy may interfere with the cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics, and cause cell death. There are interactions among cell cycle, mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in neurons.
Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; genetics ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclin B ; biosynthesis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; drug effects ; genetics ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Neuroblastoma ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

BACKGROUNDMost HCC patients with decompensation of liver function lost the chance of surgical and/or interventional treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and outcome of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with poor liver function (Child-Pugh class C), who are not suitable for surgery or hepatic artery chemo-embolization.

METHODSThirteen HCC patients (the number of tumors was 17) with liver function of Child-Pugh C (scores: 10.2 +/- 0.4) were included in the study. Among the patients, 8 were male and 5 were female with the average age of (61.6 +/- 10.9) years old. The average size of HCC was (3.8 +/- 1.0) cm. Two patients were recurrent HCC and 30.8% of the patients had multiple tumors (2 - 3 tumors). All the patients were treated with RFA.

RESULTSThere were 22 RFA sessions (1 - 4 sessions per patient) in all, average ablations per tumor at first session was 3.1. One week after RFA, the liver enzymes elevated in 9 patients (69.2%), in 7 of them, the liver enzyme returned to pre-RFA level in 1 - 3 months. One month after RFA, the Child-Pugh grading was 10.3 +/- 0.8 (Child-Pugh C), while that of pre-RFA was 10.2 +/- 0.4 (Child-Pugh C), with no significant difference. Computer tomography (CT) one month after RFA showed that the tumor necrosis rate was 88.2% (15/17). Five patients had 2 - 4 repeated RFA due to HCC recurrence. During the follow-up of 2- 69 months in this group, survival rate of one year was 53.8%, two years was 30.8%, and three year was 15.4%. The incidence of RFA-related complications was 13.6% (3/22 sessions), including 1 case of GI hemorrhage and 1 sub-capsular hemorrhage of the liver. One patient with HCC over 5 cm who had fever and liver abscess after RFA, and was dead 2 months later due to liver function failure.

CONCLUSIONSMinimal invasive RFA provides possible treatment modality for HCC patients with poor liver function, who are not candidates for surgical and/or interventional therapy. For large HCC, due to the required extended treatment region, special attention should be paid to the possibility of acute liver failure.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

In order to research into the cytology mechanism of anti-virus action of total flavone of Scutellaria barbata (TFSB), the effects of TFSB on host cells membrane potential, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and membrane fluidity after parainfluenza virus type1 (PIV-1) infection were studied. The changes of membrane potential which was fluorescent labeled with DiBAC4(3) and its changes were measured by flow cytometer. Phosphorus determination method and spectrophotometry were used to measure the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity of Hep-2 cells membrane after PIV-1 infection. Hep-2 cells membrane phospholipids were fluorescent labeled with NBD-C6-HPC and membrane fluidity was measured by confocal scanning laser microscope. The result demonstrated that post PIV-1 infection membrane potential decreased significantly and the membrane was in a state of hyperpolarization, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity increased significantly and membrane fluidity decreased significantly. There was no apparent interfere effect of TFSB on the changes of membrane potential and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity after PIV-1 infection, while membrane fluidity improved significantly. It was indicated that the cytology mechanism of PIV-1 infection might be related to membrane hyperpolarization, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity increase and membrane fluidity decrease. TFSB can improve membrane fluidity and prevent the infection by protecting the cell membrane. But it is possible that the anti-PIV-1 mechanisms of TFSB had nothing to do with membrane potential and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity.
Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Flavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Membrane Fluidity ; drug effects ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ; drug effects ; Phospholipids ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Respirovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism