We report a rare case of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa and IgA lambda type) in a 58-year-old man with prostate cancer who presented with lower back pain. Through computed tomography (CT) imaging, an osteolytic lesion at the L3 vertebra and an enhancing lesion of the prostate gland with multiple lymphadenopathies were found. In the whole body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), an additional osteoblastic bone lesion was found in the left ischial bone. A prostate biopsy was performed, and adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Decompression surgery of the L3 vertebra was conducted, and the pathologic result indicated that the lesion was a plasma cell neoplasm. Immunofixation electrophoresis showed the presence of biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa and IgA lambda). Bone marrow plasma cells (CD138 positive cells) comprised 7.2% of nucleated cells and showed kappa positivity. We started radiation therapy for the L3 vertebra lesion, with a total dose of 3,940 cGy, and androgen deprivation therapy as treatment for the prostate cancer.
Adenocarcinoma/complications/*diagnosis/radiotherapy ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/blood ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Prostatic Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/radiotherapy ; Spine/pathology ; Syndecan-1/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In published article by Li et al., an author's name was misspelled.

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Needles*

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate dietary intakes and nutritional status among Uganda primary school children from two selected schools in urban and rural areas. Methods: Data were collected from 350 pupils (6-14 years) in Mpigi district, Uganda. All participants were offered a school lunch meal (usually maize porridge and boiled beans). Dietary survey was conducted in October 2016. Data for dietary intake levels were collected by the 24-hour recall method with trained school staffs. The data were converted into nutrient intakes using the CAN-Pro 5.0 Program and compared with KDRIs to evaluate the nutritional status of the subjects. Diet quality indexes such as nutrient density, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) and a diet diversity index such as diet diversity score (DDS) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status among subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical programs. Results: Results show that the intakes of most nutrients were significantly different by schools. The nutritional status of micro-nutrients was very low in both schools according to analysis of nutritional indexes such as NARs and INQs. Students from both schools should improve intakes of micro-nutrients related to child growth such as calcium, Vitamin B6, zinc and folate. According to the analysis of dietary diversity, there was difference in dietary patterns by schools presumably due to their locations. Conclusions This suggests that current meals could not provide adequate nutrients for the subjects and urgent nutrition interventions for school food services are needed to improve their nutritional well-being. New foods supplements based on local cuisine are also needed to ensure dietary diversity and sustainable development plans.

OBJECTIVES: Formal thought disorder has been regarded as an essential symptom in the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. The aim of our study was to present gender differences in the formal thought disorder among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We tested for potential gender differences in the formal thought disorder among 167 inpatients with schizophrenia (86 men and 81 women). The Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC scale), Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia were used for evaluation of thought disorder, language disorder, overall symptoms, manic symptoms, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Using the analysis of covariance for continuous variables and logistic regression analysis for discrete variables, gender differences in the formal thought disorder were evaluated. RESULTS: After adjusting for the effects of marital status and religious affiliation, men showed a significantly higher score on the perseveration (TLC scale ; F=7.538, p=0.007), blocking (TLC scale ; F=8.956, p=0.003), stilted speech (TLC scale ; F=6.921, p=0.009), lack of details (CLANG ; F=7.375, p=0.007), dysfluency (CLANG ; F=21.250, p<0.0001), and dysarthria (CLANG ; F=31.198, p<0.0001) items than women. CONCLUSION: Our study has a virtue of exploring gender differences in the formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia. Based on our findings, further study might enlighten regarding neural correlates (namely, cerebral asymmetry/lateralization) for gender-differed patterns of the formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia.
Bipolar Disorder ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Depression ; Dysarthria ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Language Disorders ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Marital Status ; Schizophrenia* ; Virtues

BACKGROUND: Epidural pressure is reported to change in accordance with intracranial pressure (ICP). As ICP changes during general anesthesia, it is also possible that epidural pressure may change during general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to obtain trends of epidural pressure change during general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen patients scheduled for gastrectomy were allocated for this study after obtaining informed consent. Epidural catheter was inserted at T7-8, T8-9 interspace before induction. Catheter was connected to a pressure transducer after calibration. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg), succinylcholine (1 mg/kg), followed by 3% enflurane. Anesthesia was maintained with 50% N2O in oxygen and 1-2% enflurane with vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg). Each patients was mechanically ventilated with tidal volume of 10 ml/kg at a rate of 10 bpm. Epidural pressure was measured before induction, at the time of injection of thiopental sodium, succinylcholine, laryngoscopy, intubation, surgical incision, and 30 minutes after surgical incision. Stastical analysis was done using repeated measures of ANOVA with Helmert option (p<0.05). RESULTS: Epidural pressure significantly changed dynamically during general anesthesia. Epidural pressures increased at intubation and at 30 minutes after surgical incision when compared with those at the time of laryngoscopy and incision, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that epidural pressures changes dynamically during induction period of general anesthesia and also showed possibility that epidural pressure monitoring could be used instead of more invasive direct ICP monitoring.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Calibration ; Catheters ; Enflurane ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Intracranial Pressure ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopy ; Oxygen ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Tidal Volume ; Transducers, Pressure ; Vecuronium Bromide

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of orthodontic patients at Yonsei Dental Hospital from 2008 to 2012. METHODS: We evaluated Angle's classification from molar relationships, classification of skeletal malocclusion from the A point-nasion-B point angle, facial asymmetry, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) from the records of 7,476 patients who received an orthodontic diagnosis. The orthognathic surgery rate, extraction rate, and extraction sites were determined from the records of 4,861 treated patients. RESULTS: The patient number increased until 2010 and gradually decreased thereafter. Most patients were aged 19-39 years, with a gradual increase in patients aged ≥ 40 years. Angle's Class I, Class II divisions 1 and 2, and Class III malocclusions were observed in 27.7%, 25.6%, 10.6%, and 36.1% patients, respectively, with a gradual decrease in the frequency of Class I malocclusion. The proportion of patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions was 34.3%, 34.3%, and 31.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of facial asymmetry and TMDs was 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively. The orthognathic surgery rate was 18.5%, with 70% surgical patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion. The overall extraction rate among nonsurgical patients was 35.4%, and the maxillary and mandibular first premolars were the most commonly extracted teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The most noticeable changes over time included a decrease in the patient number after 2010, an increase in the average patient age, and a decrease in the frequency of Angle's Class I malocclusion. Our results suggest that periodic characterization is necessary to meet the changing demands of orthodontic patients.
Bicuspid ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Epidemiology ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Korea* ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Prevalence ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of polymer- and rhodium-coated wires compared to uncoated wires by measuring the frictional forces using self-ligation brackets. METHODS: 0.016-inch nickel titanium (NiTi) wires and 0.017 x 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS) wires were used, and the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to 0degrees, 5degrees, and 10degrees. Upper maxillary premolar brackets (Clippy-C(R)) with a 0.022-inch slot were selected for the study and a tensile test was performed with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The maximum static frictional forces and kinetic frictional forces were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The maximum static frictional forces and the kinetic frictional forces of coated wires were equal to or higher than those of the uncoated wires (p < 0.05). The maximum static frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were significantly higher than those of polymer-coated wires when the angulations between the brackets and wires were set to (i) 5degrees in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires and (ii) all angulations in the 0.017 x 0.025-inch SS wires (p < 0.05). The kinetic frictional forces of rhodium-coated wires were higher than those of polymer-coated wires, except when the angulations were set to 0degrees in the 0.016-inch NiTi wires (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the frictional forces of the coated wires with regards to aesthetics were equal to or greater than those of the uncoated wires, a study under similar conditions regarding the oral cavity is needed in order to establish the clinical implications.
Bicuspid ; Esthetics ; Friction* ; Mouth ; Nickel ; Stainless Steel ; Titanium

PURPOSE: To determine the difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness between two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems in normal eyes and eyes with retinal diseases. METHODS: Thirty-three normal eyes and 49 eyes with retinal disease (13 eyes with diabetic retinopathy, 28 eyes with epiretinal membrane and eight eyes with macular hole) were enrolled in the study. Subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were measured by 3 observers using the enhanced depth imaging technique of Heidelberg Spectralis(R) and the high-definition five-line raster scan of Cirrus HD-OCT(R) using calipers within the program. Differences between the measured values were analyzed with a paired t-test in PASW 18.0. RESULTS: The mean age of normal eyes was 67.31 years, while eyes with diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane and macular hole were aged 56.08 years, 70.00 years and 68.50 years, respectively. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness of normal eyes was 237.61 +/- 104.60 microm for Spectralis and 239.52 +/- 92.08 microm for Cirrus and showed no significant difference (p = 0.397). Eyes with diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, and macular hole measured 267.46 +/- 74.91 microm, 236.79 +/- 84.16 microm and 209.63 +/- 86.71 microm for Spectralis, respectively, and 266.69 +/- 73.76 microm, 226.75 +/- 77.30 microm and 206.75 +/- 78.69 microm for Cirrus. They also showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements according to Heidelberg Spectralis(R) and Cirrus HD-OCT(R) in both normal eyes and eyes with retinal diseases showed no significant differences.
Choroid* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Epiretinal Membrane ; Retinal Diseases ; Retinal Perforations ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is extremely rare tumor and the category of transitional cell carcinoma has been proposed for those tumors in which definite urothelial features are present but no benign, metaplastic, and/or proliferating Brenner tumor is identified. We report a case of primary transitonal cell carcinoma of the ovary in 48-year old woman who presented with low abdominal pain and dyspepsia. Brief literature was reviewed about the features of its behavioral aggressiveness and characteristic chemosensitivity.
Abdominal Pain ; Brenner Tumor ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Dyspepsia ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovary*