Objective To research the relationship between Serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the Neu-trophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Method 273 newly diag-nosed T2DM patients are selected in accordance with the WHO diagnostic criteria: Male subjects with SUA lev-els ≥ 416 μmol/L(70 mg/L), and female subjects with SUA levels ≥ 357 μmol/L (60 mg/L) are sorted into the high SUA (HUA) group (224 subjects), and the rest into the normal SUA (NUA) group (49 subjects). 100 subjects were selected as a control group. One-Way analysis of variance was applied to the data of the three groups; Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation of SUA levels , NLR and IR; risk fac-tors influencing SUA levels were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis; ROC curve analysis was used to de-termine the diagnostic value of NLR to HUA, and the optimal threshold value of NLR. Result (1) The NLR and IR of the HUA group was significantly higher than those of the NUA group (2.54 ± 0.63 vs. 2.05 ± 0.61, P < 0.001; 3.70 ± 1.86 vs. 2.71 ± 1.43, P < 0.001); (2) In the HUA group, UA was positively correlated with NLR and IR (respectively r = 0.480, P < 0.001; r = 0.332, P < 0.001). (3)NLR (P < 0.001, EXP(B)= 8.045, 95%CI = 4.597 ~ 14.079) was a risk factor of Hyperuricemia. Conclusion Our results suggest that NLR may be an independent risk factor of Hyperuricemia.

In order to study the proliferation inhibition effect of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) with small interfere RNA (siRNA), a total of 4 siRNAs were designed in accordance with the NP and PA genes of H5N1 subtype AIV, the siRNAs were then transfected to chicken embryo fibroblast(CEF), CEF was infected with H5N1 subtype AIV after 6 hrs. Virus titer of cell supernatant was tested at 16-56hrs post infection, and pathological changes of the cells was observed; mRNA levels of NP, PA, HA and p13-actin gene were tested at 36hrs post infection. The results showed that these 4 siRNAs could inhibit the prolif-eration of H5N1 subtype AIV in CEF in varying degrees, and one siRNA targeting PA was best per-formed. The experimental results also showed that the inhibition effect was decreased with the time prolonged. This research provides a basis for further studying RNAi on AIV prevention and control.
Actins ; genetics ; Animals ; Chick Embryo ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Fibroblasts ; virology ; Hemagglutination ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; genetics ; Hemagglutinins ; genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA Replicase ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; chemical synthesis ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Transfection ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo observe restoration of the wrist function and complications of Colles fracture treated with different kinds of external fixation.

METHODSTwo hundreds and seventy-five patients with Colles fracture during March 1998 to Oct 2006 which were fixed with three kinds of external fixation were analyzed retrospectively. Group A: there were 95 patients, 61 male, 34 female, with an average age of (26.2 +/- 0.4) years, fixed by the small moulding plywood on the wrist in mild dorso-extend or neutral position; Group B:90 patients, 61 male, 29 female, with an average age of (24.0 +/- 1.5) years, fixed by the small moulding plywood on the wrist in mild palmar flexion; Group C: 90 patients, 65 male, 25 female, with an average age of (25.0 +/- 2.1) years, fixed by plaster on the wrist in mild dorso-extend or neutral position. According to the Frykaman typing,number of type I to VIII in group A was 25, 31, 20, 11, 3, 2 ,2, 1 in turn,type I to VIII in group B was 22, 30, 17, 9, 4, 4, 2, 2 in turn; type I to VIII in group C was 24, 30, 18, 9, 4, 3, 1, 1 in turn. Comparing the age, sex and the type of fracture, there were no statistical significant differences among three groups. After 6 to 18 months following-up survey, the restoration of the wrist and complication incidence were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSTo compare the restoration of the wrist joint and complication incidence after various fixation, there were significant differences between group A and B and C (P < 0.05) in statistics.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of the Colles fracture by the small moulding plywood fixation on the wrist in mild dorso-extend or neutral position is benefit to restore the wrist joint function and has fewer complications..

Adult ; Colles' Fracture ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the functional role of hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting in the pathophysiologic mechanism of initiation and propagation of epilepsy.

METHODSThe authors examined hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic reorganization and the changes of hippocampal neurons in P77PMC rats at different stages in the course of recurrent seizures using Timm's method of silver sulfide staining and Nissl staining and observed the effects of recurrent audiogenic seizures (AGSs) on seizure behavior of P77PMC rats.

RESULTSFrequent recurrent AGSs could cause neuronal loss in CA(1) region of hippocampus and hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting got into the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus in P77PMC rats, and could decrease the latency of IV/V grade of AGSs, increase the durations of AGSs. The mean A of CA(1) region of hippocampus in Nissl staining after 50 times of AGSs was 35.3 +/- 0.8, which was markedly lower than that of the control (44.1 +/- 0.5; F = 333.89, P < 0.001). The mean A of the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus in Timm's staining after 50 times of AGSs was 49.3 +/- 4.6, which was markedly higher than that of the control (26.8 +/- 1.7; F = 76.83, P < 0.001). After 30 and 50 times of AGSs, the latent periods of IV/V grade of AGSs were 12 +/- 8 (t = 3.805; P < 0.02) and 17 +/- 7 (t = 5.927; P < 0.002) seconds shorter than the initial period of stimulation respectively on average, and the durations of AGSs were 19 +/- 18 (t = 2.644; P < 0.05) and 10 +/- 7 (t = 3.780; P < 0.02) seconds longer.

CONCLUSIONHippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and neuronal loss not only presents in limbic seizure, but also in AGS, the seizure can be initiated in brainstem but rapidly generalized;in AGS-prone rats, recurrent AGSs can cause mossy fiber synaptic reorganization and neuronal loss in hippocampus, and can also enhance seizure susceptibility of P77PMC rats. In the course of recurrent AGSs, enhanced seizure susceptibility happened before hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting. Their temporal relationships indicate that the anatomical changes may be preceded by functional changes of elevated excitability in the brain.

Acoustic Stimulation ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Epilepsy ; pathology ; Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seizures ; etiology ; pathology

We report electroversion in treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and cervical spinal cord injury. At first, the patient sustained respiratory failure and weak cough reflex, thereafter repeated bronchoscopy was used to aspirate the sputum as well as control the pneumonia, which resulted in arrhythmia (AF and AVNRT). Two doses of intravenous amiodarone failed to correct the arrhythmia. After restoration of sinus rhythm by electroversion, he was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and discharged from the intensive care unit without recurrent arrhythmia.
Atrial Fibrillation ; complications ; therapy ; Bronchoscopy ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; Electric Countershock ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration, Artificial ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome ; complications

OBJECTIVETo study the effect o f Bushen Huoxue Decoction (BHD) on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of female rats with repeated immobilization stress.

METHODSSixty female rats were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group, the positive control group (treated with Liuwei Dihuang Pill at the dose of 3.3 g crude drug/kg), and the high, middle, and low BHD treated groups (at the dose of 8, 4, 2 g crude drug/kg), ten in each group. Chronic psychological stress was induced using repeated immobilization stress in rats. Medication was conducted by gastrogavage while modeling once a day for twenty successive days. The hippocampal neurohumoral levels were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. The expression levels of BDNF and its receptor in the hippocampus were detected by Westem blot. Effect of BHD on neurobiochemical markers in the hippocampus of rats with repeated immobilization stress was observed.

RESULTSThe levels of Glu, GABA, and BDNF in the hippocampus of the normal group were 1280.0 +/- 258.3 ng/mg, 588.3 +/- 115.1 ng/mg, and 13.26 +/- 2.57 gray value, respectively. But the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the model group obviously decreased when compared with the normal group, being 1016.9 +/- 215.9 ng/mg, 485.1 +/- 71.0 ng/mg, and 7.23 +/- 0.61 gray value, respectively. The levels of Glu (ng/mg) in hippocampus of the three BHD treated groups were 1459.1 +/- 413.5, 1894.7 +/- 542.8, and 1373.3 +/- 345.7, respectively. GABA levels (ng/mg) inthe hippocampus were 631.6 +/- 161.4, 899.1 +/- 262.1, and 656.4 +/- 140.8, respectively. BDNF levels (gray value) were 16.57 +/- 1.52, 29.85 +/- 1.37, and 24.44 +/- 3.81, respectively, significantly higher than that of the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The level of Glu in the positive control group (1216.5 +/- 193.8 ng/mg) was significantly higher than that of model group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONBHD showed significant accommodation on the hippocampal neurohumoral levels and the expression of BDNF in the female rats with repeated immobilization stress.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza pneumonia in mainland of China.

METHODSThe clinical data of the first case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in China were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSThe case is a 9-year old boy, who developed acute symptoms of a light common respiratory infection, including fever and dry cough without obvious catarrh. On the 7th day after onset, his temperature reached 40 degrees C, tachypnea occurred, distinct rales could be heard and large areas of consolidation were seen in the lungs on chest X-ray. The patient's peripheral blood leukocyte count was 2.81 x 10(9)/L and neutrophils dominated. After comprehensive therapeutic approaches, including antiviral therapy (amantadine) and use of low-dosage glucocorticoid, the patient's temperature returned to normal on the 3rd hospitalization day, chest X-ray showed absorbed inflammatory change on the 5th day after admission, and leukocyte count became normal on the 6th day. No complication occurred during the whole course. The case was diagnosed by the 4 fold raised antibody to the H5N1 influenza virus in recovery stage serum because the H5N1 nucleic acid test in early stage was negative. The case was cured and discharged after 3 weeks comprehensive treatment.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important for clinicians to pay enough attention to epidemiological history, especially history of exposure to avian influenza virus contaminated material, which will be very helpful for early detection, early diagnosis of the disease, and also very important for effective treatment and better prognosis.

Amantadine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Birds ; Child ; China ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; virology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect on adhesion and motion capbilities of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), by detecting the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), E-cadherin (E-cad) and S100A4 and the clinical significance in ACC tissues and analyzing the relationships between them with perineural invasion (PNI).

METHODSThe expression of NGF, E-cad and S100A4 in ACC was detected with the way of immunohistochemistry SP, and then analyzing the expression level of them in different pathological types and histological regions in statistical ways on the basis of their relation with clinical and pathological parameters.

RESULTSThe expression of NGF and S100A4 in PNI group [88% (23/26) and 77% (20/26)], was higher than that in NPNI group (8/16 and 7/16, P < 0.05), and a positive correlation between them was identified in PNI group (r = 0.316, P < 0.05). However the E-cad expression was lower in PNI group [31% (8/26), P < 0.05]. On the other hand it suggested a negative correlation with NGF (r = 0.385, P < 0.05) as well as that with S100A4 (r = -0.612, P = 0.000). The expression level of NGF in fasciculus [83% (25/30)] has significant deviation compared with it in distant tumor tissues [47% (14/30), P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONSIn the PNI process of ACC, NGF plays important parts but not the only factor. It can increase the expression and activity of S100A4 but decrease E-cad expression through binding with its receptor. Thus, adhesion abilities of tumor cells was weakened and motional abilities was strengthen.

Cadherins ; biosynthesis ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve Growth Factor ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression profiles of bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) during the development of mouse adipose tissue.

METHODSThe total RNA was extracted for real-time PCR for amplification of BAMBI mRNA from the suprascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (gonadal) white adipose tissue (sWAT and vWAT, respectively) of mice at various embryonic and postnatal stages, as well as from isolated primary preadipocytes during differentiation.

RESULTSIn BAT, BAMBI mRNA levels exhibited a transient increase, peaking at day 0 (D0) and declined thereafter. sWAT and vWAT could be isolated from mice from postnatal D21 onwards, in which BAMBI mRNA levels were the highest and decreased at 8 weeks and 6 months. BAMBI mRNA levels were also significantly reduced in primary preadipocytes isolated from vWAT after induced differentiation. BAMBI mRNA expression level was higher in vWAT than in sWAT and BAT at the same developmental stages.

CONCLUSIONBAMBI is differentially expressed in different adipose tissues and developmental stages, which supports the hypothesis that BAMBI plays a pivotal role in the development of adipose tissues.

Adipocytes ; metabolism ; Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction

This study was purposed to evaluate the effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on hematopoietic reconstruction and survival in beagles exposed to mixed fission neutron and γ-ray. 13 beagles were unilaterally exposed to single dose of 2.3 Gy 90% neutrons. The experiments were divided into 3 groups: irradiation control group (no any treatment, n = 4), supportive care group (n = 5) and rhG-CSF plus supportive care group (n = 4, abbreviated as rhG-CSF group) in which the beagles were subcutaneously injected with 200 µg/kg of rhG-CSF early at half an hour and 24 hours post-irradiation respectively. The results showed that 2.3 Gy 90% neutron irradiation induced a severe acute radiation sickness of bone marrow type. The administration of rhG-CSF increased the survival rate from 60% in supportive care group to 100%. Twice injection of rhG-CSF in the first 24 hours reduced duration of neutropenia, enhanced neutrophil nadir and promoted neutrophil recovery when compared with control cohort administered clinical support. The number of colony-forming cells (CFU-GM, CFU-E, and BFU-E) in peripheral blood of rhG-CSF treated canines increased 2-to 5-fold relative to those of the supportive care group on day 3. All canines treated with rhG-CSF achieved hematopoietic reconstruction as evidenced by the pathological section of sternum while severe shortage of hemopoietic cells remained in the cohorts given supportive care alone. It is concluded that the combination of supportive care and high-dose rhG-CSF can accelerate hematopoietic recovery and enhance survival of dogs exposed to 2.3 Gy mixed neutron and gamma ray.
Animals ; Dogs ; Gamma Rays ; adverse effects ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic System ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Neutron Diffraction ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Survival Rate