Euphorbia kansui (EK) is a toxic herbal drug, and often used after vinegar-processing to reduce its toxicity. In present study, a 1H-NMR based metabonomic approach was used to evaluate the detoxification effect of vinegar-processed EK. The water extracts of EK and VEK were administered orally to male SD rats at doses of 9 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 1 week, respectively, and one more week observation was further conducted. The control group was orally given with saline. Histopathological studies of liver samples on the 8th and 15th day were conducted, and the metabolites of rat urine and liver were analysed by 1H-NMR. Histopathological studies of liver samples from EK and VEK treated rats showed no negative impacts. In metabonomic analyses of urines, changes of metabolites indicated liver damages, kidney lesions and imbalance of gut microbes in the second week. VEK-treated rats showed a quite lower toxicity compared with EK-treated ones. The present study revealed that the metabonomic approach might be helpful for the evaluation of toxicity of EK and detoxic effect of VEK.
Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinalysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the enantioselectivity of norgestrel (NG) transdermal permeation and the potential influence of linalool and lipids on the enantioselectivity. In vitro skin permeation studies of NG across the excised rat skins were performed with Valia-Chien diffusion cells, and the permeation samples were analyzed by enantioselective HPLC. The possible enantioselective permeation of NG across intact rat back skin and lipids extracted rat back skin and the influence of linalool were evaluated. The skin permeation rate of dl-NG was two times higher than that of l-NG when donor solutions (EtOH/H2O 2 : 8, v/v) containing l-NG or dl-NG. It may be mainly attributed to the solubility discrepancy between enantiomer and racemate. The enantioselective permeation of dl-NG across intact rat skin was observed when the donor solutions containing dl-linalool. The permeation flux of l-NG was 22% higher than that of d-NG. But interestingly, the enantioselective permeation of dl-NG disappeared under the same experimental condition except that the lipid extracted rat skin was used. Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of stratum corneum showed that the wave number for asymmetric CH2 stretching vibrations of lipids treated with dl-linalool was greater than that of the control. The results indicated that the enantioselective permeation of NG may be contributed by the interaction between dl-linalool and lipids. More than half of lipids were composed of ceramides. The stereospecific interaction maybe existed among chiral enhancer (linalool), lipids (ceramides) and/or chiral drugs (NG).
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Lipids ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Norgestrel ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Stereoisomerism

Aged ; CD5 Antigens ; metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Pseudolymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic

Aged ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; pathology ; Humans

Fibroma, Desmoplastic ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound (US) in assessment knee joint inflammation in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA).Methods US scans of the knees obtained in 30 children at clinically active stage; JRA was compared with those obtained in 30 healthy children and 10 JRA patients in clinical remission.Results Changes in synovial membrane thickness and presence of fluid in suprapatellar bursa showed statistically significant differences between JRA patients with active disease and the other subjects.Alterations in contour of the articular cartilage were demonstrated in 10 knees of patients with JRA.Conclusion US is a simple sensitive and reliable methods for the assessment and monitoring of knee joint involvement in JRA.

The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence micelle assay (HPLC-FMA) method for the content determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibody drugs was validated to study its applicability and transferability between various laboratories, and the feasibility to be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both J.T. Baker and Nanjing Well-sourced polysorbate 80 was used in the collaborative validation of polysorbate 80 content analysis in seven different laboratories. The results show that when the protein concentration was no more than 20 mg·mL^-1 and the concentration of polysorbate 80 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg·mL^-1, the method had good specificity. The recovery rates of the spiked samples ranged from 92.20% to 117.70% for J.T.Baker and from 93.90% to 117.20% for Nanjing Well. The intra-laboratory precision (%RSD) was less than 4.30% for J.T. Baker, and less than 2.60% for Nanjing Well, while the overall precision was less than 5.45% for J.T. Baker, and less than 6.70% for Nanjing Well. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.98 for J.T. Baker and more than 0.99 for Nanjing Well. The results of the collaborative validation prove that the HPLC-FMA method has good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity, and could be used for release control analysis of polysorbate 80 content in monoclonal antibodies across different laboratories.

Objective · To analyze the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter junii (A. junii) and Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) from a grade 3A hospital in Shanghai, China, and provide the foundation for prevention and control of infections caused by them. Methods · A. junii and A. lwoffii were collected from the hospital between Aug, 2011 and Aug, 2016. VITEK2 Compact of bioMérieux (French) was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests, clinical information of each strain was also analyzed. Results · 28 strains of A. junii and 58 strains of A. lwoffii were enrolled. A. junii was mainly from the departments of urology, thoracic surgery and geriatrics, and the samples were mainly sputum and urine. The resistant rates of A. junii to gentamicin, ampicillin sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole were 35.71%, 3.57%, 10.71%, 3.57%, 3.57%, 3.57%, 3.57%, 3.57%, 0, 3.57% and 35.71%, respectively. A. lwoffii was mainly isolated from the departments of urology, geriatrics, respiratory and renal medicine, and the samples mainly included urine, blood and sputum. The rates of antibiotics (mentioned above) resistance were 29.31%, 13.79%, 13.79%, 6.90%, 20.69%, 18.97%, 12.07%, 15.52%, 18.97%, 31.03% and 31.03%, respectively. The levels of antibiotic resistance of these two strains were constant during the five years. Conclusion · A. junii and A. lwoffii antibiotic resistant rates were much lower than those of reported A. baumannii, the over-all antibiotic resistances of A. junii were lower than those of A. lwoffii. This study provided fundamental data for prevention or control of these two strains by empirical use of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of serum soluble CD 163 (sCD 163) level, to assess the severity of critical illness and to evaluate the immune status of sepsis or severe sepsis in children.

METHODA prospective study was conducted. The sCD 163 was determined in 50 cases with sepsis or severe sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 23 cases of age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled as control during the period from April 2010 to March 2011. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used for sCD 163 measurement. The relationship with sCD 163 level and disease severity score (pediatric critical illness score, PCIS; and pediatric risk of mortality III, PRISM III), lymphocyte subsets, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were analyzed.

RESULTThe sCD 163 in sepsis/severe sepsis groups (171.04 ± 177.85) mg/L was significantly higher than that in control group (44.19 ± 86.48) mg/L (P < 0.01).sCD 163 in sepsis group [(105.32 ± 145.87) mg/L] was significantly lower than that of severe sepsis group [(233.32 ± 171.78) mg/L] (P < 0.05). sCD 163 level was significantly higher in lower PCIS score patients. (P < 0.01). The sCD 163 levels was higher in PRISM III ≥ 10 than the PRISM III < 10 group. The sCD 163 levels were higher in death group than the survival group. The sCD 163 was negatively correlated with CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 + (R = -0.820, P < 0.05; R = -0.839, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDetection of sCD 163 was helpful in predicting the severity of sepsis and severe sepsis, and sCD 163 may reflect the immune status of critically ill children with sepsis.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Illness ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; blood ; Sepsis ; blood ; immunology ; mortality ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2/neu gene and prognosis of gastric cancer.

METHODSThe expression of HER-2/neu in gastric cancer was detected by immunohistochemical technique and analyzed in relation with the follow-up and clinicopathologic data of the patients.

RESULTSThirty-two of the 103 gastric cancer specimens (31.1%) were positive for HER-2/neu, but whose expression was not found in benign gastric lesion and normal gastric mucosa. HER-2/neu expression was not correlated with the patients' sex, age, tumor size and location or the degree of differentiation (P>0.05), but with the depth of invasion, clinical stage, lymph node and distant metastasis of the tumor and survival of the patients (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHER-2/neu expression is closely related to invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer and can be used to evaluate the biological behavior and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; biosynthesis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology