PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proper axial thickness of zirconia abutment applied to implant in the anterior region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Zirconia abutments were prepared at different axial wall thickness by processing pre-sintered zirconia blocks via CAD/CAM to obtain equal specimens. The abutments were each produced with a thickness of 0.5 mm (Group 1), 0.8 mm (Group 2), 1.2 mm (Group 3), or 1.5 mm (Group 4). The implant used in this study was a external connection type one (US, Osstem, Pussan, Korea) product and the zirconia abutment was prepared via replication of a cemented abutment. The crowns were prepared via CAM/CAM with a thickness of 1.5 mm and were cemented to the abutments using RelyX(TM) UniCem cement. A universal testing machine was used to apply load at 30 degrees and measure fracture strength of the zirconia abutment. RESULTS: Fracture strength of the abutments for Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 were 236.00 +/- 67.55 N, 599.00 +/- 15.80 N, 588.20 +/- 33.18 N, and 97.83 +/- 98.13 N, respectively. Group 1 showed a significantly lower value, as compared to the other groups (independent Mann-Whitney U-test. P<.05). No significant differences were detected among Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 (independent Mann-Whitney U-test. P>.05). CONCLUSION: Zirconia abutment requires optimal thickness for fracture resistance. Within the limitation of this study, > 0.8 mm thickness is recommended for zirconia abutment in anterior implants.
Crowns

Cleft lip and palate is congenital deformity in oral and maxillofacial area. Normal soft palate has velopharyngeal closure action by connecting oral cavity and nasal cavity at rest and moving upward at swallowing and specific pronunciation. Cleft palate patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency have difficulty in mastication, swallowing and pronunciation because velopharyngeal closure is incomplete. At this time, a prosthetic device used to cover palate defects is called a palatal obturator. A palatal obturator separates oral cavity and nasal cavity and recovers pronunciation, mastication, swallowing and esthetic function. The purpose of this case study is to report the results because it reaches a satisfactory result in functional and esthetic aspects through functional impression procedures using modeling compound and tissue conditioner for restoration of a cleft palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Cleft Lip ; Cleft Palate* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Deglutition ; Humans ; Mastication ; Mouth ; Nasal Cavity ; Palatal Obturators* ; Palate ; Palate, Soft ; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency*

Phendimetrazine and related amphetamine-like compounds are used widely as appetite suppressants in Korea. We report on a patient who developed psychotic disorder and dependence while using phendimetrazine. A 25-year-old female with no psychiatric history began experiencing hallucination of bugs after using phendimetrazine for weight loss for five months. She was admitted and the drug was stopped. Three days later, her psychotic symptoms had subsided and she returned home. Two months after discharge, against medical advice, she returned to a clinic to obtain phendimetrazine for its anorectic effect. She continued using phendimetrazine because she had developed withdrawal symptoms and experienced cravings for it. Within two months of restarting the drug, she had developed paranoid delusions, auditory and olfactory hallucinations. She was readmitted, and was confirmed to have a dependence on phendimetrazine. This case provides a warning that amphetamine-related anorectics can cause psychotic disorder and dependence.
Adult ; Appetite Depressants ; Delusions ; Female ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Korea ; Morpholines ; Psychotic Disorders ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; Weight Loss

Tardive blepharospam is characterized by repetitive, forceful, and sustained involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi. We report here one case of neuroleptic-induced tardive blepharospasm that developed during high-dose amisulpride treatment and was treated with clozapine. The patient was a 29-year-old man with a 6-year history of schizophrenia. After 33 months of amisulpride treatment (1200 mg/day), involuntary eye-blinking had developed. Following exclusion of all other possible etiopathological causes of the blepharospasm, we decided to switch the drug treatment from amisulpride to clozapine. On the fourteenth day of clozapine (250 mg/day) treatment, we observed significant improvements in eye-blinking and psychotic symptoms. Four months later, the eye-blinking had remitted completely. We suggest that amisulpride may cause blepharospasm and lead to an impaired ability to perform daily activities. Therefore, we recommend that clinicians regularly monitor involuntary movements in patients receiving antipsychotic treatment, especially when high doses of amisulpride are involved.
Adult ; Blepharospasm ; Clozapine ; Contracts ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Schizophrenia ; Sulpiride

Purpose: This study aims to measure the mandibular movement using JT-3D system and provide a range of mandibular movement that can serve as a good reference for diagnosing the temporomandibular disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 60 young male and female adults. The maximum opening and closing movement was recorded using JT-3D system, and by regarding 5 times of repetitive movement as 1 cycle of movement, total 3 cycles of movement were recorded. During the maximum opening, vertical position of lower jaw, antero-posterior position, lateral deflection position, and maximum opening distance were recorded. To evaluate the reproducibility of JT-3D system, statistical analysis were conducted (α = 0.05). Results: During the maximum opening, the average value appeared at 31.56 mm vertically and 24.42 mm rearwardly, lateral deflection position 0.72 mm, and maximum opening distance 40.32 mm. There was no statistical significance in all measured values for three cycles of movement recorded with JT-3D system (P > 0.05). Conclusion During the maximum opening, the average value appeared at 0.72 mm in lateral deflection position and the maximum opening distance at 40.32 mm, and the analysis on the maximum opening of lower jaw using JT-3D system showed sufficiently reproducible results.

Objective: Written exposure therapy (WET) is exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compared to evidencebased treatments for PTSD, WET requires only five sessions, has a shorter session time, and no between-session assignments. The current study examined the efficacy of WET among Korean patients with PTSD due to various traumatic events on PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and global functioning levels. Methods: The study recruited 41 patients with a current primary diagnosis of PTSD in psychiatric outpatient clinics. Assessments were conducted at baseline, and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks following the first treatment session. Results: In total, 25 patients started WET. Findings showed a significant reduction in the rate of PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity scores. Fourteen of 23 (60.9%) patients at 6 weeks, 15 of 22 (68.2%) patients at 12 weeks, and 14 of 18 (77.8%) patients at 24 weeks no longer met the diagnosis of PTSD. Depressive symptoms and global function scores also improved after WET. The dropout rate was 8% (n=2). Conclusion This study suggests the feasibility of implementing WET among various types of patients with PTSD in Korea and other Asian countries.