China ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; surgery ; Humans

In this paper, we described basic connotations of comparative effectiveness research (CER), expounded the application of CER in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, on the basis of research practice of Chinese medical treatment for COPD in recent years, we put forward the thought of the junction point of Chinese medicine in CER on COPD from the perspective in screening effective Chinese herbs, establishing treatment program/methods/technologies, and outcomes evaluation.
Comparative Effectiveness Research ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy

Objective To investigate the influence of epigallocatechin gallate ( EGCG)on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose. Methods Mouse podocytes cultured in high glucose were exposed to different concentrations of EGCG (0.2, 10, 100 μmol/L) or α-tocopherol (0.2 μmol/L) for 6, 12, 24 hours. The viability of podocytes was detected by MTT. The intracellular formation of ROS was detected by confocal microscopy with fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA and was measured by fluorescence microscopy. RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of p22phox, p47phox and p67phox mRNA in cultured podocytes exposed to different concentrations of EGCG. Results Intracellular ROS generation was significantly higher in high glucose than that in control conditions (P<0.01). EGCG could significantly inhibit ROS induced by high glucose significantly (P<0.01). EGCG (100 μmol/L) led to an inhibition of the increased production of NADPH oxidase components of p22phox and p67phox mRNA in high glucose (P<0.05). The expression of p47phox mRNA in high glucose was inhibited by EGCG(0.2 μmol/L) and ot-tocopherol(0.2 μmol/L) (P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG can protect cultured mouse podocytes from injury of high glucose by inhibiting ROS formation.

Objective To study the effects of the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor of AGEs (RAGE) on apoptosis of mice podocytes. Methods Podocytes were exposed to soluble AGEs such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), carboxymethyl-lysin (CML)-BSA, AGE-BSA and matrix-bound AGEs (AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ ), and to different concentrations of AGE, such as 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used for the quantification of apoptotic andnecrotic podocytes after Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI) labeling. Apoptosis was described as the ratio of apoptotic cells to the total number cells under the high-power field, siRNA was transfected into podocytes through combining Dharmacon on Targetplus SMART pool siRNA reagents and Amaxa RNAi nucleofection kit. Results The apoptosis rate was higher in podoeytes exposed to either CML-BSA or AGE-BSA than that exposed to BSA. There was a two- to three-fold increase in apoptosis when podocytes were cultured in AGE-modified collagen Ⅳ as compared with native collagen Ⅳ. The apoptotic response of podocytes to AGE-BSA exposure occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Podocyte necrosis occurred only at the highest concentration of AGE-BSA(100 mg/L). AGE-BSA failed to induce apoptosis in podocytes transfected with RAGE siRNA. RAGE-specific gene knockdown did not significantly reduce the apoptosis of podocytes cultured in AGE-modified collagen IV. Conclusions The AGE-RAGE interaction plays a major role in the apoptosis of podocytes triggered by soluble AGEs, but not by matrix-bound AGEs. Reduction of AGE burden and RAGE expression may be important therapeutic approaches to prevent the progression of kidney disease.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic evaluation of isotropic scanning and Lung Care soft- ware in solitary pulmonary nodules,and to improve the diagnostic accuracy.Methods 52 patients suffered from SPN were included in our study.Two experts in CT analyzed the films.First,they read the axial images and made diagnosis.Then isotropic scanning and lung care software approaches were used on 16 spiral CT and another analysis were made again.The results were compared with pathological diagnosis respectively. Results Spiculated sign,lobulated sign,vessel convergence were found more on isotropic scanning approach, that had significant difference with axial images analysis(P

?AlM: To study the correlation between monocular mild myopic juvenile myopia degree and dominant eye.
? METHODS: Totally 158 patients with juvenile monocularly mild myopia in our hospital from December 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and cylindrical mirror astigmatism was used for spherical equivalent conversion. On the basis of the myopic degree, they were divided into three groups, 30 cases in group A (-0. 25~-0. 75D), 92 cases in B group (-1. 0~-2. 0D), 36 cases in group C (-2. 25 ~ -3. 0D). The card hole method was selected to measure dominant eye for subjectsat nearly 33cm and 5m. After glasses correction of ametropia, the far and near dominant eyes were received measurement again.
?RESULTS:The monocular mild myopia of dominant eye was compared with the non-dominant eye adjustment function, and there was no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ) . The dominant eye, non - dominant eye mean diopter and other correlations of eyes in the three groups were compared, and there was no significant difference (P>0. 05). The dominant eye of three groups at 5m was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). The dominant eye of three groups at 33cm was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). Dominant eye at different visual distance was compared, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). Monocular uncorrected eye was compared with dominant eye mild afte myopia glassesr, and there was significant difference (P< 0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON: The formation of myopic anisometropia is related to the degree of clearly seeing objects, although glasses correction can improve the clarity and visual, but affect the choice of the dominant eye, because the myopic anisometropia appears most early in the dominant eye, therefore optician correction stage, which should be taken into consideration, and avoid the severity of the adolescent myopia.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the inclusion process of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin and Acorus tatarinowii in Xiaoyu anshen capsule.METHODS:The inclusion process was carried out by saturated water solution method.And the inclusion process was optimized by orthogonal experiment with the inclusion ratio and yield of the volatile oil as indexes taking the ratio of volatile oil to ?-CD,the temperature and the time of inclusion as factors.The physical phase of the inclusion complex was detected by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).RESULTS:The optimum inclusion process was established as follows:the ratio of oil to ?-CD=1∶8;the ratio of water to ?-CD=10∶1;the inclusion time was 1h and the inclusion temperature was 50 ℃.The inclusion rate was as high as 90%.The DSC revealed that a new physical phase has been formed for the inclusion complex.CONCLUSION:The intermolecular inclusion complex with good stability and high yield of volatile oil could be obtained from the optimized inclusion process.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze suicide scene, damage morphology and case investigation of mountain type scenic spot for giving the references to determine the nature of cliff suicide cases. METHODS: The suicide cases collected from 2002 to 2012 in scenic spot of Mount Huangshan. The age, gender, native place, case location, damage inspection and behavior were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 52 suicide cases, the suicide rate of male was higher than that of female. The numbers from other provinces were higher than that of local province. The age was mainly range from 19 to 50. The time of suicide cases mostly happened between 16:00 to 24:00. The major damage was compound injury with varying degrees of traumatic brain injury, organic injury of pleuroperitoneal cavity and surface bruise and scratch. CONCLUSION In order to determine the nature of cliff suicide cases, it needs to work synthetically in the investigation of crime scene and interview.
Accidents/mortality* ; Crime ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Suicide

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in type 2 diabetes patients, by comparing the sexual function between type 2 diabetic women and non-diabetic women with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

METHODS115 type 2 diabetic women and 107 age-matched non-diabetes women were enrolled with similar backgrounds. Their sexual functions were evaluated with FSFI. Metabolic parameters such as body mass index, blood lipid profile, hemoglobin A1C, plasma glucose were also collected.

RESULTSTotal score of FSFI of the type 2 diabetic women were significantly lower than that of the non-diabetic controls (18.27±8.96 vs. 23.02±5.78, P=0.000). Scores of the FSFI domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, pain) of the type 2 diabetic group were also lower than those of the control group. According to the FSD criterion (FSFI<25) available in China, the percentage of FSD in the type 2 diabetic group was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.2%vs. 55.0%, P<0.001). These trends seemed more prominent in pre-menopause subgroups. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age and diabetes were independent risk factors of FSD. Body Mass Index (BMI) also had influence in the diabetes group.

CONCLUSIONFindings from this study showed that there are more FDS in Chinese type 2 diabetic women than in their non-diabetic counterparts, especially in pre-menopause participants.