Objective To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections among inpatients and its influential factors.Methods The retrospective survey was performed by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 7788 inpatients in 2004 in Nankai Hospital of Tianjin.Results Totally 250 nosocomial infection cases were identified,which gave a prevalence of 3.21%.The all-year highest prevalence was found in September.Among all the departments,the highest rate,5.20%,occurred in Department of Gynecology.The inpatients aged more than 60-year-old showed higher prevalence than those under 60 years old.The main infection position was lower respiratory tract(41.60%).Concludes The prevalence of nosocomial infections of Nankai Hospital were within the acceptable standard range defined by Ministry of Health,China.Nevertheless,the prevalence would be reduced if measurements for surveillance and control could be properly applied.

Objective To investigate the use situation of sunscreen agent in the sunblock cosmetics.Methods Statistic analysis was performed in the kinds,frequencies,dosages of sunsereen agents and the mark dosage coincidence in 414 cosmetics from Sep.2004 to Aug.2007.Results Fourteen kinds of sunscreen agents including phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid and its potassium,sodium and triethanolamine salts,benzophenone-4,benzophenone-5,benzophenone-3,isopentyl p-methoxycirmamate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor,ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA,butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane,octocrylene,ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate,ethylhexyl salicylate,ethylhexyl triazone,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol,bis- ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine were detected in 414 cosmetics.The use frequency of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was above 90%,butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was 30%,benzophenone-3 and ethylhexyl salicylate were 15% and 11% respectively,and others were less than 10%.The rate of exceed standard limit of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate,octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate,4-methylbenzylidene camphor ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA were 0.24%,0.97%,1.21%,0.48% and 0.24% respectively.The mark dosage coincidence rate of 14 kinds of sunscreen agents were from 42.9% to 89.5%.Conclusion The many kinds of sunscreen agents were used in the sunblock cosmetics,so the special attention should be paid to the cosmetics safety.

Adult ; Carbamazepine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy

Objective: To investigate hyperthermia enhanced expression of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell line MCF7/ADR, so as to increase cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against the target cells, and to provide an experimental basis for cell immunotherapy based on hyperthermia. Methods: The immunological effector cells were induced and expanded by cytokines. Breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MCF7/ADR were treated at 42 ℃ for an hour. Then after being incubated for additional 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours, the cells were digested. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the expression of HSP70 on the target cells. MTT assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation and the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against target cells. Results: The expressions of HSP70 in both the target cells had significant difference. The expression of HSP70 in MCF7/ADR cells was higher than in MCF7 cells before hyperthermia. After hyperthermia the expression of HSP70 increased by 6 folds in MCF7/ADR cells, and 22 folds in MCF7 cells and was higher than in MCF7/ADR cells at hour 4. The proliferation inhibition fraction of hyperthermia against MCF7 was significantly lower than that of MCF7/ADR. The cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against MCF7 cells was lower than against MCF7/ADR cells before hyperthermia. After hyperthermia the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against MCF7 cells rose by 86.23%, and was higher than against MCF7/ADR cells (rose by 30.32%). Conclusion: The expression of HSP70 in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and MDR cell line MCF7/ADR were enhanced significantly by hyperthermia. Cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells against both the target cells were increased by hyperthermia. The differential expressions of HSP70 in breast cancer drug sensitive cell line MCF7 and MDR cell line MCF7/ADR affect the cytotoxic activity of immunologic effector cells.

Objective To select the optimal exacting process for Chuanping prescription (CP).Methods The anti- and the anti- asthma ticanti effects of extracts obtained by different extracting processes from CP were observed.Results The anti- asthmatic effect of extract obtained by ion exchange resin(IER) method was better than that by acid- liquid- extraction alcohol- precipitate method (ALEAP) (P

OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of polyanhydride-three-dimensional vector-glucan material on the fetal liver stem cell adhesion and proliferation.METHODS: The two-step collagenase perfusion digestion and bliquid percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate fetal liver stem cells. Fetal liver stem cells at the third passage were incubated on the polyanhydride-three-dimensional vector-glucan material. Inverted microscope was utilized to observe cell adhesion and growth status. Cell adherent rate, proliferation activity were calculated, and cell number was counted. Cell-vector was obtained for tissue section. Using hematoxylin-eosin staining, cell growth in the vector was observed under the optical microscope. At 7 days,immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to determine marker expression.RESULTS: Polyanhydride-three-dimensional vector-glucan promoted grow and adhesion of liver stem cells. There was the active function of the liver stem cells within carrier materials. In the three-dimensional surface and the internal culture, liver stem cell proliferation was sustained. After 10 days, the polyanhydride common culture-three-dimensional vector-glucan on stem cells was non-toxic, and human fetal liver stem cells could be attached to the polyanhydride-three-dimensional vector-glucan stent. The cell proliferation was better and dynamic sustained expression of markers. 7-days training received 19.7 percent increase in the number of cells.CONCLUSION: Polyanhydride-three-dimensional vector-glucan promotes the proliferation of liver stem cells, and liver stem cells can be used as the vector in liver tissue engineering.

Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.

To prokaryotic express prokaryotically and to purify the efaA protein from Enterococus faecalis so as to provide the basis for the further study on the pathogenesis and clinical sero-diagnosis of endocarditis caused by E.faecalis, efaA gene of E.faecalis was amplified by PCR, the PCR-amplified product was digested with restriction enzymes and cloned into prokaryotic vector pET32a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET30a/efaA. This recombinant plasmid was confirmed by double enzyme digestion with BamhI and Xhol and then subjected to sequencing, and transformed to E.coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of the fusion protein was induced by IPTG, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The recombinant fusion protein was purified by His-binding affinity chromatography.It was shown that efaA gene of 943 bp in size was amplified from Enterococus faecalis and the recombinant plasmid pET30a,/ efaA was successfully constructed and expressed in E.coli BL21. The purified product was found to be 34 kDa in molecular weight as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. It is evident that the efaA protein of E.faecalis can be successfully expressed and purified.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ultrafine pulverization technology in Chaige tuire powder;to compare the content and microcharacteristics between ultrafine powder and ordinary powder. METHODS:Using contents of 3 active ingredients(puera-rin,glycyrrhizin and baicalin)and powder d(0.5)as main indexes,bulk density,angle of repose and microcharacteristic as refer-ence indexes,orthogonal test was designed to optimize the initial particle size,moisture and pulverized frequency in ultrafine pul-verization technology. Contents of 3 active ingredients of ultrafine powder and ordinary powder(over 65/80 mesh sieve)and obser-vation results of calcium oxalate crystal under microscope were compared. RESULTS:The optimized technology was as follow as over 65 mesh sieve,moisture of 2.5%preliminary powder in 60 Hz of frequency for pulverization. In verification test,d(0.5)aver-age value of 3 ultrafine powder samples was 31.5 μm(RSD=0.45%,n=3);contents of puerarin,glycyrrhizin and baicalin were 0.232 mg/g(RSD=1.31%,n=3),0.212 mg/g(RSD=1.62%,n=3),8.962 mg/g(RSD=0.89%,n=3),respectively,which were increased about 30%-40% than in ordinary powder(0.158,0.15669,6.140 mg/g). There were no or little bundles of calci-um oxalate crystal that is common in ordinary powder. CONCLUSIONS:Optimized ultrafine pulverization technology is stable and feasible;contents of 3 active ingredients in Chaige tuire ultrafine powder are higher and calcium oxalate crystal are litter than ordi-nary powder,which possibly reduces the adverse reactions in clinical application.

Objective To characterize the image morphology and time-intensity curve of renal cell cancer and angiomyolipoma on contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography. Methods A total of 57 patients with 58 renal masses were enrolled in this study prospectively. The renal masses included 47 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and 11 angiomyolipomas (AML). All patients were evaluated by tradi-tional gray-scale sonography, color Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography. Imaging findings and time-intensity curves of all renal masses were analyzed. The contrast-enhance-ment features between RCC and AML were analyzed. Results 57.4% of RCCs were hyperechoic masses and peripheral surrounding vessels and / or penetrating vessels were noted in 83.0% of RCCs on color Doppler sonography. 54.5 % of AMLs were hyperechoic masses while peripheral surrounding vessels and / or penetrating vessels were only noted in 27.3% of AMLs on color Doppler sonography. On contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography, hyper- or iso-enhancement were noted in 83.0% of RCCs, while hypo-enhancement were noted in 81.8% of AMLs (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences were noted between RCC and AML in the values of peak time (P=0.03), wash time (p= 0.02), peak intensity-basic intensity (P=0. 01), AT/R (△A tumor/△A renal) (P=0.00), k (P= 0.02), and Aok (P=0.02). Conclusions Contrast-enhanced sonography is useful in the differentia-tion of renal masses. Most RCCs are hyper- or iso-enhanced while most AMLs are hypo-enhanced. Time-intensity curves are helpful in differentiating RCC and AML.