OBJECTIVETo measure the levels of urinary prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with or without overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and determine whether urinary PGE2 can serve as a biomarker for BPH-related OAB.

METHODSThis study included 86 BPH patients and 34 male control subjects without lower urinary tract symptoms. Based on the OAB symptom scores (OABSS), the BPH cases were classified as BPH/OAB (n =49) and BPH/non-OAB (n = 37) to be treated orally with tamsulosin alone and tamsulosin + tolterodine-tartrate, respectively, for 12 weeks. We measured the urinary PGE2 levels of all the subjects by ELISA before and after medication, the total PGE2 level normalized to the concentration of the urinary creatinine (PGE2/Cr). We also obtained the residual urine volume, Qmax, prostate volume, PSA level, IPSS and OABSS of the BPH patients, and compared them among different groups.

RESULTSThe baseline PGE2/Cr level was significantly lower in the control than in the BPH/OAB and BPH/non-OAB groups (both P <0.05), and higher in the BPH/OAB than in the BPH/non-OAB patients (P <0.05). After 12 weeks'treatment, the urinary PGE2/Cr level was remarkably decreased with relief of the OAB symptoms in the BPH/OAB patients (P <0.05) , but not in the BPH/non-OAB group (P >0.05). The concentration of PGE2 was not correlated with the IPSS storage score and OABSS of the BPH/OAB patients (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with BPH/OAB have significantly higher urinary PGE2/Cr levels than those with BPH/non-OAB and normal controls, which tend to decrease with the alleviation of OAB symptoms. Our findings suggest that urinary PGE2 can be a potential biomarker for BPH/OAB.

Aged ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Dinoprostone ; urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; urine ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications ; urine

Objective To investigate the early influences of laser photocoagulation on retinal function in diabetic retinopathy(DR). Methods The multifocal electroretinograms (MERG) of 30 eyes with DR (phase Ⅲ～Ⅳ) were tested with visual evoked response image system IV before,and the 3 rd day and the 7 th day after laser photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, the latency of N1 prolonged in the central macula 5? area and superionasal quadrant.The response densities of N1,P1 and N2 markedly reduced, and most significant changes occurred in the central macula 5? area and then in the central 10?area. There were also differences in the changes of the amplitude of N1 and P1 in different quadrants .The changes of visual acuity were positively related to the decrease of amplitudes of N1,P1 and N2 in the macula. Conclusion The reduction of response densities in MERG reveals functional damage in diabetic retina occurring early after photocoagulation.The functional damage in macula induced indirectly by photocoagulation may explain the reduction of visual acuity after panretinal photocoagulation in some degree.

Objective To investigate the early effects of intervention with tanakan on retinal function in diabetic retinopathy(DR) after laser photocoagulation. Methods Prospective random controlled study was performed on 60 Patients (60 eyes) from 23 to 69 years old with DR(phase Ⅲ～Ⅳ). The multifocal electroretinograms (MERG) were tested with VERIS Ⅳ before , the 3rd day and the 7th day after photocoagulation. Results No significant differences were found in the latencies and response densities of N1,P1 and N2 between the two groups before photocoagulation. Compared with that before photocoagulation, three days after photocoagulation the latencies in tanakan group had no significant change. The response densities of N1,P1 and N2 reduced and the changes were much smaller than that in control. Three days after photocoagulation ,the response densities of P1 and N2 in the central macula 5? area were much higher and the latencies of P1 and N2 were significantly shorter than that in control group. There were no significant differences in the response densities in the 7th day and the differences in the latencies between two groups still existed. Conclusion Tanakan may be effective in preventing the retina from damage of retinal photocoagulation in some degree in DR.

BACKGROUND: Patient subjective satisfaction is of great significance for the clinical use of implant denture.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patient satisfaction with single or bridge crown for repair of consecutive missing posterior teeth in the maxilla.METHODS: We selected 203 patients with consecutive missing of maxillary first and second molar teeth, who had received single (n=99) or bridge (n=104) crown for implant restoration 1 year ago. All patients were surveyed with a subjective satisfaction questionnaire and visual analogue scale.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in sex and age (35-64 years) between the two groups. Food impaction ratio and crown off ratio were higher in the bridge crown group than the single crown group.Noticeably, most patients did not have the habit of using dental floss. The overall satisfaction scores were 88.96% in the single crown group and 85.32% in the bridge crown group, respectively. Four indexes with less than 80 scores in the two groups were that I dare to use the implant teeth to bite hard food, my implant teeth are easily cleaned, it takes me less time to clean my implant teeth than natural teeth, and I think the dental implant price is acceptable. Results from the analysis of variance showed that food impaction influenced chewing effect (P=0.047), made the use of dental floss difficult (P=0.031), made patients discomfort (P=0.038), and the use of dental floss could enhance the cleaning effect on dental implant (P=0.019), and largely reduced brushing bleeding (P=0.029). In conclusion, patients with missing maxillary posterior teeth can obtain higher satisfaction after single crown or bridge crown repair. However, food impaction and crown off become more serious after repair with bridge crown, while the repair with single crown exhibits better performance.

Objective To establish a mouse model of early lung adenocarcinoma to serve the imaging studies of early lung adenocarcinoma .Methods Two-hundred and ten 4-week old SPF female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (40 mice per group) and 1 control group (10 mice).The mice of experimental groups were subcutaneously injected with a dose of 0.2 ml 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitroso-guanidine ( MNNG) solution in concentration of 2.0 mg/mL weekly for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks (group A-E), respectively, while the mice of control group was subcutane-ously injected with 0.2 mL saline weekly for 12 weeks.Ten mice were randomly sacrificed from each experimental group at the 60th, 80th, 100th and 120th days after initial injection ( group A60 , group A80 , group A100 , group A120; group B60 ,……and so on) , and the bilateral lungs were dissected .The tumor occurrence rate , number and size of lung tumors were observedandrecorded.Results 1.Thetumoroccurrencerateandnumberoflungtumorswerepositivelyproportionalto the time and dose of MNNG injection .No tumor was found in any group at the 60th day.2.At the 80th day, the tumor oc-currence rate in the groups A, B, C, D and E was 0, 10%, 30%, 40%and 50%, respectively.The number of tumors in each group was 0, 4, 42, 60 and 81, respectively.The number of tumors smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter was 0, 4, 25, 31 and 40, respectively.3.At the 100th day, the tumor occurrence rate was 20%, 40%, 100%, 100%and 100%, re-spectively.The number of tumors was 6, 19, 187, 223 and 301, respectively, and the number of tumors smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter was 5, 16, 132, 124 and 123, respectively.4.At the 120th day, the tumor occurrence rate was 30%, 50%, 100%, 100%and 100%, respectively.The number of tumors was 30, 124, 302, 351 and 362 per group, respec-tively.The number of tumors smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter was 21, 98, 123, 140 and 108, respectively.The induced lung adenocarcinomas were confirmed by pathology .Conclusions MNNG solution 0.2 mL (2.0 mg/mL) subcutaneously injected weekly for 4 weeks can produce 100%occurrence rate of lung adenocarcinoma in mice and most tumors are smaller than 0.5 mm in diameter at 100th day after initial injection .It is a most suitable model for imaging studies of mouse early lung adenocarcinoma .

Objective To investigate the association between a 27-bp variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR) polymorphism of the endothetial nitric-oxide synthase(eNOS)gene and transient ischemic attack(TIA) of brain.Methods Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the genotypes of all patients and control subjects.Data were compared between patients and control subjects using ?~(2)test. Results The genotype ab distribution and allele a frequencies of eNOS gene were significantly higher in TIA group(25.0%,14.3%) than in control group(16.3%,9.2%)(P

Objective To investigate the use situation of sunscreen agent in the sunblock cosmetics.Methods Statistic analysis was performed in the kinds,frequencies,dosages of sunsereen agents and the mark dosage coincidence in 414 cosmetics from Sep.2004 to Aug.2007.Results Fourteen kinds of sunscreen agents including phenylbenzimidazole sulphonic acid and its potassium,sodium and triethanolamine salts,benzophenone-4,benzophenone-5,benzophenone-3,isopentyl p-methoxycirmamate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor,ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA,butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane,octocrylene,ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate,ethylhexyl salicylate,ethylhexyl triazone,methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol,bis- ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine were detected in 414 cosmetics.The use frequency of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was above 90%,butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was 30%,benzophenone-3 and ethylhexyl salicylate were 15% and 11% respectively,and others were less than 10%.The rate of exceed standard limit of ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate,octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate,4-methylbenzylidene camphor ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA were 0.24%,0.97%,1.21%,0.48% and 0.24% respectively.The mark dosage coincidence rate of 14 kinds of sunscreen agents were from 42.9% to 89.5%.Conclusion The many kinds of sunscreen agents were used in the sunblock cosmetics,so the special attention should be paid to the cosmetics safety.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of nosocomial infections among inpatients and its influential factors.Methods The retrospective survey was performed by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 7788 inpatients in 2004 in Nankai Hospital of Tianjin.Results Totally 250 nosocomial infection cases were identified,which gave a prevalence of 3.21%.The all-year highest prevalence was found in September.Among all the departments,the highest rate,5.20%,occurred in Department of Gynecology.The inpatients aged more than 60-year-old showed higher prevalence than those under 60 years old.The main infection position was lower respiratory tract(41.60%).Concludes The prevalence of nosocomial infections of Nankai Hospital were within the acceptable standard range defined by Ministry of Health,China.Nevertheless,the prevalence would be reduced if measurements for surveillance and control could be properly applied.

Purpose To investigate the effects of intervention with Tanakan on anterior ocular segment in diabetic retinopathy (DR) after retinal photocoagulation. Methods Prospective random controlled study was performed on 72 patients (72 eyes) with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),by obtaining and quantitatively analyzing the changes of anterior ocular segment including anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, ciliary body and choroids before and the 3rd day and the 7th day after retinal photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, significant elevated IOP and narrowed chamber angle were observed in control group and 4 eyes (11.11%) in Tanakan group (P

Purpose To investigate the relationship between the changes of the thickness of retina in macula and the abnormalities in multifocal electroretinograms (mERG) in diabetic retinopathy. Methods mERG and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination were performed in 38 patients (60 eyes) with DR (phase Ⅲ～Ⅳ). The data were processed with software SPSS and line relation analysis was done. Results The response densities of N 1, P 1 and N 2 in central 5? area was significantly negative related to the thickness of neuroretina in macular fovea (correlation efficient -0.252～-0.266, P