0.05).Conclusion The rat model of liver-Qi stagnation can be induced by chronic stress,which is different from the syndromes of deficiency of both heart and spleen and the interior disturbance of phlegm-heat.

As an important ABC transporter, breast cancer re-sistance protein ( BCRP) plays an important role in tumor multi-drug resistance. Many laboratories are focusing on BCRP to re-verse multidrug resistance. We summarize in the paper the re-search progress on the regulation of BCRP expression, subcellu-lar localization, ATP-dependence, inhibition or modulation of its transport activity and potential clinical treatment strategies in or-der to provide theoretical support and some new research ideas for the reverse of multidrug resistance in clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the permeability of lomefloxacin through blood-pancreatic barrier in rats.METHO-DS:Lomefloxacin(20mg/kg body weight) was injected through caudal vein.At the given time points,the samples were collected.The concentrations of lomefloxacin in the serum,pancreatic tissue and liver tissue were measured by HPLC.RESULTS:The concentration-time profiles of lomefloxacin could be described as two-compartment model in rats.The peak concentrations in serum,pancreatic tissue and liver tissue were 65.550?g/ml,48.801?g/g and 84.121?g/g at 5 min post-injection respectively.Then the concentrations decreased quickly in all of them.Concentrations in pancreatic tissue were higher than those in serum at 10 min and even at 480 min post-injection.The permeation ratio (PR) through blood-pancreatic barrier was 0.744 at 5 min and rose to 3.817 at 480min.CONCLUSION:After intravenous injection,lomefloxacin can permeate blood-pancreatic barrier satisfactory,therefore it is worthy of being recommended for prevention and treatment of pancreatic infections.

Particle radiotherapy using proton and heavier-ion beam was first proposed for clinical application by Robert Wilson in 1946. Compared to conventional photon radiation, proton and heavier-ion beam has significant physical advantage, and heavier-ion has unique biological characteristics. With the development of accelerator and radiation technique, it is being investigated for tumor treatment in many clinical centers. This article reviews the current status of clinical application of particle therapy using proton and heavier-ion beam in digestive system tumor.
Animals ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; therapy ; Heavy Ion Radiotherapy ; Heavy Ions ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Protons ; therapeutic use

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; etiology ; Radiosurgery ; adverse effects ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided

Objective To compare the efficacy of weight loss,metformin and rosiglitazone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods A randomized controlled trial(RCT)was carried out in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH),one hundred and six women with PCOS were assigned to three intervention groups:weight loss,weight loss and metformin,weight loss and rosiglitazone group.Patients were treated with weight loss(diet and exercise),weight loss and mefformin (500 mg three times daily),weight loss and rosiglitazone(4 mg once daily)for three months.Sixty patients completed treatments.Basal body temperature(BBT),total testosterone as well as fasting serum insulin levels and lipid were measured and compared in all patients before and after weight loss.Results No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics among three groups.In weight loss group 51%(22/43)patients completed treatment,and 23%(5/22)patients resumed ovulation.In weight loss and mefformin group 58%(21/36)patients completed treatment,and 43%(9/21)patients resumed ovulation.In weight loss and rosiglitazone group 63%(17/27)patients completed treatment,and 59% (10/17)patients resumed ovulation.Ovulation rate was significantly higher in weight loss and rosiglitazone group than in weight loss group.There was no significant difference among three groups in body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,waist-hip ratio(WHR),sex hormone,serum fasting insulin and lipid level after treatment.Conclusion Weight loss,metformin and rosiglitazone all can improve ovulation each.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term effect of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) in the treatment of ampullary and periampullary tumor systematically.Methods:A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library database using the key words "pancreaticoduodenectomy, duodenopanreatectpmy, whipple, laparoscopic, robotic, Da Vinci" . A systematic search of the Sinomed, Wangfang, VIP and CNKI databases including the key words "胰十二指肠切除" , "腹腔镜" , "机器人" , "达芬奇" . To investigate the differences of the conversion rate of laparotomy, incidence of postoperative complications, and the postoperative hospital stay between the RPD group and the LPD group. The software RevMan5.3 was used in this meta-analysis.Results:A total of 4 retrospective cohort studies and 1 001 patients were included in this meta-analysis, including 451 patients in the RPD group and 550 patients in the LPD group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences between RPD group and LPD group for the conversion rate laparotomy ( OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.24-0.50, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between RPD group and LPD group for the incidence rate of overall complication( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 0.95-1.58, P>0.05), hemorrhage ( OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.50-1.00, P>0.05), pancreatic fistula ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.80-1.49, P>0.05), delayed gastric empty ( OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.57-1.14, P>0.05) and hospital stay after surgery ( WMD=-2.87, 95% CI: -1.44-1.70, P>0.05). Conclusions:RPD is as safe as LPD, with the same complication rate. Therefor it is worthy for further application in medical institutions with relevant conditions.

Adolescent ; Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Iris Diseases ; surgery ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Male

Objective To study the expression of Snail in laryngeal carcinoma and to explore its relationship with invasion and metastasis in subgroup laryngeal carcinoma cells. Method The expression of Snail protein was examined by immunohistochemistry staining in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma. The statistical evaluation was performed to detect the correlation between the Snail protein expression and clinical features. In different subgroups of laryngeal carcinoma cells (CD 44+CD 133+cells, CD 44 and CD 133-cells), the expression of Snail and adhesion molecules E-cadherin were detected by RT-PCR,Western blot test and immunochemical staining which were studied in the correlation with invasion and metastasis. Results The result of immunohistochemical staining revealed that Snail was moderately or highly expressed in the tissue of laryngeal carcinoma significantly and higher than those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues(P<0.01). Expression of Snail was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and clinical classification(P<0.05).However, it was not related to the age , gender and clinical type. RT-PCR and Western blot test results confirmed that the expression level of Snail was significantly higher in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells than in CD 44-and CD 133-laryngeal cancer cells, otherwise the expression level of E-cadherin in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells was significantly lower than in the CD 44-and CD 133-laryngeal cancer cells. Cell immunohistochemical staining confirmed the expression of Snail and E-cadherin were negatively correlated in CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cells. Conclusion Over expression of Snail in laryngeal carcinoma is closely related to the development of laryngeal cancer and lymph node metastasis. The expression of Snail in the CD 44+CD 133+laryngeal cancer cell subgroup is negatively correlated with adhesion molecules E-cadherin, which is a close correlation with invasion and metastasis of laryngeal cancer cells.

A brief introduction to the development milestones of postgraduate medical education in the world, highlighting the present details of such systems in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and some Asian countries.It is held that common patterns can be identified despite the gaps found in such systems of these countries.In view of the training management system cornmonalities of thecountries,the authors proposed the development directions of residency training in China to enhance thehands-on capability and competence of clinical doctors in a standardized manner.