MELAS syndrome(mitochondrial myopathy encephalophathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes),as one of the most common diseases in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies,is characterized by highly variable manifestations.So,more and more people come to realize the importance of molecular basis of MELAS.This review took the commonest mtDNA point mutation(A3243G) for example to overview its molecular biological mechanism,test strategy and recent progress of study on MELAS syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To realize the situation of nosocomial infection and usage of antibiotic in order to prevent and control nosocomial infection effectively. METHODS According to the request of countrywide nosocomial infection net,using the method of clinic investigation and case history investigation,we have investigated the infection complexion about all patients in 19 May 2006 and 24 May 2007,including the duration,transferring department and dead case.Then to analyze the comparison between two results. RESULTS 3489 cases were investigated,including 186 infection cases.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 5.33%.Five departments had the high prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.They were hematology department,ICU,pediatrics department,neonatal unit and cadre ward.The highest rate was 31.30%.The lowest was 0.The infection site focused on lower respiratory tract.The antibiotic utilizing rate was high. CONCLUSIONS Enhanceing the management of nosocomial infection in key departments,regulating the antibiotic utilizing,to reduce the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with Herbert screws for the treatment of Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to December 2012, 23 patients with Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by Herbert screws through Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Twenty-three patients (aged 18 to 52 years with a mean of 35.5 years, including 18 males and 5 females patients, 8 left hips and 15 right hips) with femoral head fractures and posterior hip dislocation. The fracture was classified according to Pipkin classification based on the radiographic findings, 5 patients had type I and 18 had type II fractures. The duration time from admission to the operation ranged from 6 to 72 h (averaged 32 h). The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The Harris hip score(HHS) was used to evaluate and compare hip functions at the latest follow-up between affected and healthy sides.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months (averaged 30 months). According to Thompson-Epstein system, 12 patients got an excellent result, 6 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The average HHS at the finial follow-up was 87.80 ± 8.46 (ranged from 66 to 95), which is similar to that in the healthy side 90.10 ± 6.35 (ranged from 72 to 98) (t = 1.044, P = 0.302). The complications such as deep infection, and deep vein thrombosis were not found. At the 3rd year during follow-up,4 patients had avascular necrosis of femoral head. At the 1st year of follow-up, 1 patient had hip pain after walking,screws loosening and shift after trauma,and serious complications of traumatic arthritis. All the 5 patients were treated with total hip arthroplasties.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of internal fixation with Herbert screws through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is effective for Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fracture. The method is reliable and valuable for recommendation. However, such fracture may have avascular necrosis of femoral head and complication of traumatic arthritis, which should be observed carefully in clinic with preparation of the prevention and treatment measures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Malignant tumor is one of the main causes for death in the world at present as well as a major disease seriously harming human health and life and restricting the social and economic development. There are many kinds of reports about traditional Chinese medicine patent prescriptions, empirical prescriptions and self-made prescriptions treating cancer, and prescription rules were often analyzed based on medication frequency. Such methods were applicable for discovering dominant experience but hard to have an innovative discovery and knowledge. In this paper, based on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance system, the software integration of mutual information improvement method, complex system entropy clustering and unsupervised entropy-level clustering data mining methods was adopted to analyze the rules of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for cancer. Totally 114 prescriptions were selected, the frequency of herbs in prescription was determined, and 85 core combinations and 13 new prescriptions were indentified. The traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance system, as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine research-supporting tool, can be used to record, manage, inquire and analyze prescription data.
Drug Prescriptions ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

0.05)in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between the domestic preparation and the imported preparation,which suggests they are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of prulifloxacin capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin capsules.METHODS:A total of 12 healthy adult subjects were randomly grouped by 3? 3 Latin square,who were assigned to receive oral single dose of 132,264 and 528mg prulifloxacin capsules and multiple doses of 264mg prulifloxacin capsule for 6 days in succession.The blood concentration of NM394-the metabolite of Prulifloxacin was determined by HPLC at different time after oral administration of Prulifloxacin.The simulation and fitting,and computation of parameters were performed using DAS ver1.0 software.RESULTS:All 12 subjects had completed single oral administration test,with no adverse drug reactions appeared during the test.No prulifloxacin but its metabolite-NM394 was identified in the blood sample of subjects.The high,medium and low dosage groups were all fitted two-compartment model.The pharmacokinetics fitted first order kinetics process without gender difference.There was no accumulation and pharmacokinetic parameters change after multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin,suggesting prulifloxacin had no self-enzyme inhibition or induction.CONCLUSION:The established method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and it can meet the requirement of clinical pharmacokinetic trial.Its parameters are in line with literature reported abroad,with no gender difference among Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVE: To select specific DNA aptamer for determining ketamine by FluMag-SELEX. METHODS: Based on magnetic beads with tosyl surface modification as solid carrier and ketamine as target, a random ssDNA library with total length of 78 bp in vitro was compounded. After 13 rounds screening, DNA cloning and sequencing were done. Primary and secondary, structures were analyzed. The affinity, specificity and Kd values of selected aptamer were measured by monitoring the fluorescence intensity. RESULTS: Two ssDNA aptamers (Apt#4 and Apt#8) were successfully selected with high and specific abilities to bind ketamine as target with Kd value of 0.59 and 0.66 μmol/L. The prediction of secondary structure was main stem-loop and G-tetramer. The stem was the basis of stability of aptamer's structure. And loop and G-tetramer was the key of specific binding of ketamine. CONCLUSION FluMag-SELEX can greatly improve the selection efficiency of the aptamer, obtain the ketamine-binding DNA aptamer, and develop a new method for rapid detection of ketamine.
Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism* ; DNA ; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ketamine/metabolism* ; Oligonucleotides ; SELEX Aptamer Technique/methods*

Implant-related infection is a commonly occurred complication in orthopaedics. The surface modification methods frequently used for anti-infection of implant surface were minimizing bacteria adhesion,grafting antibacterial agents and improving osteointegration. The pathogenesis and characteristics of orthopaedic implant-related infection and the research advances in the surface modification of orthopaedic implants for anti-infection are described in this paper,providing a reference for the research of novel implants with anti-infection characteristics.

Objective To study the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) combined with radiotherapy on the growth of HO8910 cells of human ovarian cancer in vitro.Methods All human ovarian cancer samples were divided into four groups:control group,treated with culture solution; OMT group,treated with 4 mg/ml OMT; radiotherapy group,treated by 4 Gy radiotherapy; and combination group,firstly treated by 4Gy radiotherapy,and then cultured with 4 mg/ml OMT.Observed the changes of cell morphology by invert microscope at 10,24,48,and 72 hours respectively.Flow cytometry was adopted to detect cell apoptosis.Results ① invert microscope observation showed that compared with the control group,HO8910 cells demonstrated apoptosis of diminution in volume,thickening in cytoplasm,and gathering in nucleus in all the other three groups at 24 and 48 hours.② Flow cytometry showed that apoptosis rate of HO8910 cells and cell population in G1 phase increased in the combination group,which were significantly higher than the other three groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Both OMT (4 mg/ml)and radiation (4Gy)can induce cell apoptosis,while the combination of them showed better therapeutic results.

Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical presentation of breast milk transmitted cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among preterm infants with birth weight≤1500 g.Methods Preterm infants enrolled in this study met the following inclusion criteria: birth weight≤1500 g, fed with CMV-positive breast milk and admitted into Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Children's Hospital of Fudan University within 72 hours after birth from October 2015 to July 2016. And those with congenital digestive tract malformation or congenital CMV infection were excluded. Breast milk and infants' urine samples were regularly screened for CMV DNA by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Symptoms and laboratory findings in infants with CMV infection transmitted via breast milk were documented and analyzed. Differences in relevant parameters were analyzed usingChi-square test, Fisher's exact test,t test or Mann-WhitneyU test where appropriately.Results Sixty preterm infants breastfed with CMV DAN-positive milk were recruited. Among them, 19 (31.7%) developed breast milk-acquired CMV infection as their urine samples were positive for CMV DNA, while the others were negative for CMV DNA (infected group:n=19; non-infected group:n=41). The average CMV copies in breast milk, gestational age and birth weight of the infected group were all significantly higher than those of the non-infected group [3.76 (3.18-4.50) vs 3.47 (3.00-4.88) Log10 copies/ml,Z=-2.042;(30.4±2.1) vs (28.4±2.3) weeks,t=3.175; 1290 (750-1500) vs 1110 (575-1480) g,Z=-2.837; all P<0.05). Fewer infants in the infected group than in the non-infected group received blood transfusion [5/19 vs 56.1%(23/41),χ2=4.627,P<0.05]. Ages of the infants with CMV infection ranged from 26 to 164 days (median age of 92 days). Six out of the 19 infants had clinical symptoms concurrent with viral excretion in urine and the ages of these symptomatic infants of infection were earlier than those of the asymptomatic ones without significance [(72±34) vs (97±28) days,t=-1.710,P>0.05]. Four infants (21.1%, 4/19) had severe organ damage and/or positive IgM antibodies to CMV in serum, and were treated with antiviral therapy. Two had mild symptoms and were not given antiviral therapy. All of the six symptomatic infants were followed-up for one to six months, during which time the complete blood cell count and results of biochemical test and fundus examination were back to normal.Conclusions The incidence of breast milk-acquired CMV infection among preterm infants with birth weight≤ 1500 g was 31.7%, and no severe symptoms were reported in this study.