Depression is a common mental disease, which mainly presents with a state of low mood and aversion to activity. Epigenetics is to study the influence of structural modification of pre?transcriptional gene to gene function in chromatin level. Recent studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non?coding RNA regulation play important roles in the pathogenesis of depression. This article reviews the research advances on epigenetic mechanisms of depression.

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin (IL)-34 and bone erosions in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.Methods Forty PsA patients,20 psoriasis (Ps) patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into this study.The levels of IL-34 and osteoclast related cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL),osteoclast precursors (OPG)] were detected in the serum samples of all subjects.The correlations among IL-34,the number of osteoclast precursors (OCP),disease activity and imaging scores were analyzed.All data were analyzed by graphpad prism 6.Differences between groups was analyzed with One-way analysis of variance,q tests,and Spearman's correlation was used to explore the relation between disease activity/radiographic scores and laboratory results and followed by linear regressions.Results The serum level of IL-34 in patients with PsA [(328±476) pg/ml] was higher than that in Ps [(33±52) pg/ml,q =3.92,P＜0.01] and healthy controls [(32±32) pg/ml,q =3.93,P＜0.01],the erosive PsA group were higher than the non-erosive PsA group [(449±527) pg/ml and (47±24) pg/ml,q=4.04,P＜0.01].The levels of TNF-α,RANKL and OCP in patients with PsA [(125±79) pg/ml,(488± 475) pg/ml and (17.7±4.8) 5 sigh views] were higher than those in PS [(40±22) pg/ml,(26±3) pg/ml and (5.2± 0.8),q=7.32,6.14 and 2.94,P＜0.01] and healthy controls [(41±19) pg/ml,(65±8) pg/ml and (6.2±1.8),q=6.67,5.62 and 2.71,P＜0.01],whereas the OPG/RANKL ratio in PsA patients (0.5±0.4) was significantly lower than Ps patients (4.3±2.7,q=-3.30,P＜0.01) and healthy controls (1.8±0.6,q=-1.72,P＜0.01).IL-34,TNF-α and RANKL levels were all positively correlated with OCP (r=0.10,P＜0.05;r=0.12,P＜0.05;r=0.13,P＜0.(5,respectively).Conclusion The level of IL-34 is not only high in patients with PsA but also positively correlates with the number of OCP.In PsA,IL-34 is probably related to the OCP and osteoclast differentiation,and further participates in the process of bone destruction.Therefore,IL-34 is promising to become a new target or alternative choice for the treatment of PsA.

ObjectiveThe clinical features, bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance proifle of blood stream infection(BSI) were investigated in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis for better management of such infections.MethodsThe clinical data of BSI were collected in the patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis between January, 2012 and December, 2014, and reviewed retrospectively in terms of risk factors, diagnosis and treatment, pathogen distribution and prognosis.ResultsOf the 1 071 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and suspected bacterial infection, 154 (14.4%) were diagnosed as BSI evidenced by blood culture. Of these patients, the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was higher than 10×109/L in only 48 (31.2%) patients; neutrophil proportion>0.75 in 133 patients (86.4%); serum procalcitonin level>0.5 ng/mL in 74 patients (68.5%). A total of 155 bacterial strains were isolated, including 115 strains of gram-negative bacilli and 40 strains of gram-positive cocci. Most patients (68.8%) recovered and 31.2% died or discharged from hospital voluntarily. All these BSI patients had Child-Pugh grade C liver function. Some patients also had other serious systemic diseases or repeated hospitalization.ConclusionThe prevalence of BSI is high in the decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with poor prognosis. Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens of such septicemia. Early diagnosis and proper use of antibiotics based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important to improve patient outcome.

Objective: To understand the HIV infection status and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin during 2016-2018. Methods: According to the sentinel surveillance protocol, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted to collect the information about the awareness of AIDS, related behaviors, HIV infection, syphilis prevalence and HCV infection in the MSM in Tianjin with the annual sample seize of 400 between April and June during 2016-2018. Results: From 2016 to 2018, a total of 1 200 MSM were surveyed. The condom use rate in anal sex was 45.4% (544/1 198) in the past 6 months. The HIV test rate in MSM recruited through network declined with year (trend χ²=42.742, P<0.001). The overall HIV infection rate was 3.3% (40/1 200). The HIV-1 infection rate was 2.6% (95%CI: 1.7%-3.5%). The overall prevalence rate of syphilis was 6.7% (80/1 200). The overall HCV infection rate was 0.8% (9/1 200). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with HIV infection in the MSM included divorced or widowed (compared with unmarried, aOR=7.137, 95%CI: 1.621-31.419) and syphilis positive group (compared with syphilis negative group, aOR=3.684, 95%CI: 1.520-8.932). The protective factors for HIV infection in the MSM included consistent use of condom in the past 6 months (compared with occasional use of condom, aOR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.126-0.932) and HIV test (compared with receiving no HIV test, aOR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.123-0.801). Conclusions The HIV infection rate in the MSM in Tianjin was high from 2016 to 2018. Syphilis prevalence status in MSM should not be neglected. The rate of consistent condom use in anal sex was low in the MSM. It is necessary to take effective measures to promote condom use and strengthen HIV test in MSM.

Objective To investigate the role of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells(RPMCs). Methods RPMCs were harvested from the peritoneum of male Sprague-Dawley rats, then cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with 15% (V/V) FBS. After stimulation with TGF-β1, the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin and collagen I were detected in RPMCs. In some groups, the ceils were pretreated with SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, for 4 hours before incubation with TGF-β1. The protein expression of phosphorylated JNK was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expression ofα-SMA, E-cadherin and collagen I were examined with RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.The intracellular distribution and expression of α-SMA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Results TGF-β1 could significantly increase the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, and decrease the expression of E-cadherin in RPMCs. TGF-α1 could stimulate the expression of phosphorylated JNK at 5 minutes with the peak at 10 minutes (P<0.01). The addition of SP600125 effectively inhibited TGF-β1-induced high expression of α-SMA and collagen I (P<0.05), and prevented TGF-β1-induced down-regulation of E-cadherin expression in RPMCs (P<0.05). The indirect immunofluorescence showed that the expression of intracellular α-SMA in RPMCs stimulated by TGF-β1 for 48 h increased significantly, which could be inhibited by SP600125. Conclusions JNK regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1 in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells. JNK inhibitor may be used as a novel therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of coixenolide on Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and to explore its possible mechanism for treating rheumatiol arthritis.

METHODSFive mice were recruited as a normal control group from 25 mice, and the rest 20 were used in CIA modeling. After successful modeling they were randomly divided in the model control group and the coixenolide group, 10 in each group. Coixenolide injection at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the coixenolide group, while normal saline at 25 mL/kg was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the normal control group and the model control group. The injection lasted for 21 days. Scoring for CIA was performed after injection and arthritis index was calculated. The peripheral blood Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratio was determined by flow cytometry (FCM).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the arthritis index obviously increased in the model control group (P < 0.01). The arthritis index obviously decreased more in the coixenolide group than in the model control group (P < 0.01). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously decreased more in the model control group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01 ). Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg levels obviously increased more in the coixenolide control group than in the model control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCoixenolide could up-regulate Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ Treg ratios in CIA mice, which might play certain immunoregulation roles in the incidence of CIA.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin(DM) on neural behavior and expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.Methods 60 Female SPF Kunming mice were divided into 4 groups and given DM 60 days by gavage.Hot-plate,rotarod,grip strength,hing limb landing foot splay were used to examine the sensory and motor change of mice.Autonomic activity test was used for detecting the functional status of the central nervous system in mice.Passive avoidance test for detection of the behavior changes of learning and memory,and RQ-PCR was employed to measure the expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.ResultsThe behavior of sensory and motor of mice sub-chronic exposure to deltamethrin did not have changes significantly(P ＞ 0.05 ).In the test of autonomic activity test,the average of autonomic activity times were (93 ± 18) times,(107 ± 13) times,(105 ±22) times.Compared with the control group,the average of autonomic activity times in middle-and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).The latent periods in poisoning groups were (175.4 ±38.4) s,(146.4 ±51.2)s,(132.3 ±45.0) s,and the error times were (0.7 ±0.3)times,( 1.4 ± 0.5 ) times,( 1.8 ± 0.9) times.Compared with the control group,latent periods of high-dose group were decreased and the error times of middle-and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the relative expression levels of NR1 and NR2A mRNA in hippocampus of middle and high-dose groups were increased significantly (P＜ 0.05 ),and the relative expression level of NR2B mRNA in highdose group was decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionSub-chronic exposure to DM could increase the excitability of mice,damage the function of learning and memory,and influence the expression of NMDA receptor in hippocampus of mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific disease of the rectum and colon. The disease cause is still unclear. Due to the repeated episodes of UC, the treatment is very difficult. There are serious impact on pa-tients' life and work. According to the current UC condition and existed problems with Chinese medicine treat-ment and in combination with experiences of new Chinese medicine drug development of the author, a new Chi-nese medicine drug research idea of UC has been proposed. It includes the establishment of UC animal model in line with the characteristics of Chinese medicine and the selection of appropriate clinical treatment targets.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the electronic anti-nausea instrument on the postoperative nausea and vomiting of patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery.Methods One hundred and eighty patients for gynecological laparoscopic surgery were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups with 90 patients in each.Patients in group T accepted patient-control transcutaneous elec-troacupoint stimulation at P6 (Neiguan)point from the time before the induction of anesthesia to 24 h after surgery.Patients in group C accepted the same device of electronic anti-nausea instrument with-out transcutaneous acupoint stimulation.Data were recorded of the nausea and vomiting in postopera-tive 2,6,12 and 24 h respectively.Results The incidence and severity of nausea at 6,12 and 24 h and vomiting at 6,24 h after operation in group T were both lower than those in group C(P < 0.05 ). Conclusion With patient-control transcutaneous acupoint stimulation at P6 point,the incidence of both early PONV and late PONV are reduced in patients with gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics in ABO-incompatible allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(allo-PBSCT).Methods137 patients'clinical courses who accepted allo-PBSCT were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-five cases of them were ABO-incompatible allo-PBSCT patients,including 32 ABO major mismatched cases,23 ABO minor mismatched cases and 10 ABO major and minor mismatched cases.Seventy-two ABO-identical cases were taken as control group.ResultsCompared with ABO-idential cases,the time of erythrocyte recovery after allo-PBSCT in ABO major and minor mismatched group was delayed [(73.2+10.3) d vs (97.5+10.4) d] (P ＜0.05).In ABO-incompatible group, the time of blood type switching in different ABO-incompatible types were found no significant difference (P ＞0.05) [ABO major mismatched:(45.7±17.3) d,ABO minor mismatched:(41.2+16.1) d and ABO major and minor mismatched:(48.4±20.9) d (P ＞ 0.05)].There were 8 cases who have a delayed time of blood type changing, including 6 cases demonstrated recipient-derived anti-A antibody. ConclusionABO-incompatible has no negative effect on allo-PBSCT.The time of erythrocyte reconstitution was delayed in ABO major and minor mismatched group.A delayed time of blood type switching tends to occur in ABO minor incompatible cases and patients who have anti-A antibody initially.