Objective To assess the efficacy of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) i-gel in patients required insertion of nasogastric tube before laparoscopic surgery. Methods Fifty-five ASA Ⅰ - Ⅲ patients ( Mallampati Ⅰ -Ⅲ ), aged 26-64 yr, weighing 54-73 kg, scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: group Ⅰ ( n= 28) and group Ⅱ ( n = 27). The size of i-gel LMA was chosen based on the patient' s weight, and i-gel LMA was inserted after induction of anesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil, and iv injection of rocuronium. In group Ⅰ , the nasogastric tube was inserted through the drain tube of i-gel LMA. In group Ⅱ , the nasogastric tube was inserted through the nostril before operation. The hemodynamic parameters, SpO2 ,PETCO2 and peak airway pressure were monitored during operation. The fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores were assessed and nasogastrice tube displacement was recorled after successful LMA placement. The LMA placement time, success rate of LMA placement at the first attempt, airway sealing pressure, the occurrence of air leakage of LMA, and nasogastric tube drainage were recorded. The problems after removal of the LMA were observed and the adverse reactions within 24 h after operation were recorded. Results The hemodynamics was stable and the SpO2,peak airway pressure were within the normal range during operation in both groups. There was no significant difference in the LMA placement time, success rate of LMA placement at the first attempt, nasogastric tube drainage rate, airway sealing pressure, incidence of air leakage, fiberoptic laryngoscopy scores, problems after removal of the LMA and adverse reactions between the two groups ( P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusion i-gel LMA can provide adequate ventilation and does not interfere with the nasogastric tube drainage during laparoscopic surgery and can be used effectively for the patients required insertion of nasogastric tube before operation.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of MMP-9 and Ki67 for predicting the progres-sion and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods S-P immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 in 100 pancreatic cancer tissue specimens. The relationship between the expressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 and patient age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, clinical stages and prognosis were analyzed. Re-sults There were higher expressions of MMP-9 protein 46%(46/100) and Ki67 protein 53%(53/100) in 100 samples of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. And the expressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 were inversely associated with tumor differentiation, clinical stages, and lymph node metastasis of pancreatic cancer (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the ex-pressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 between patient age and tumor size. The expressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 were positive corre-lated (rs=0.405,P＜0.05). Moreover, the overall survival rates were correlated with patient age, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and the expression of MMP-9, but no correlation with tumor size, clinical stages, and the expression of Ki67. Conclusion The expressions of MMP-9 and Ki67 were associated with pancreatic cancer progression. And the detection of expression of MMP-9 may have practical value in prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the clinical characterics of 139 patients with wide QRS complex tachycardia.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 139 patients with QRS wave tachycardia treated by radiofrequency ablation at TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital.The patients were divided into supra-ventricular tachycardia with intra-ventricular aberrany group (group A,n =84) and ventricular tachycardia (group B,n =55).The clinical data,electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic features between the two groups were compared.Results There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of gender,height,weight and ventricular rate (P ＞ 0.05).The difference in the course of disease,blood pressure,age,QRS duration,left ventricular diameter by echocardiography and ejection fraction was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Radiofrequency ablation result showed that 81 (96.4％) cases were successful in group A,and 37 (67.3％) cases were successful in group B.The difference in the success rate was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).After 1 year of follow-up,4 (2.9％) cases in group A were recurred,13 (23.6％) cases in group B were recurred.The difference in the recurrence rate was statistically significant.Conclusion The wide QRS wave tachycardia is often accompanied with left ventricular diameter enlargement and left ventricular ejection fraction reduction,The success rate of radiofrequency ablation is low,and the recurrence rate is high when diagnosis is ventricular tachycardia.

The objective of this study was to screen out the effective shRNA which can inhibit the gene expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), to construct the recombinant plasmid and to determine its sequence so as to provide the new approach for searching gene therapy of TNF-alpha related diseases. The primary macrophages were added into 15% DMEM, then cells were adjusted as 2 x 10(7) cells/L and were inoculated in 6-well plate with 3 ml/well, and were cultured at 37 degrees C in a fully humidified atmosphere with 5% CO(2). Cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the concentration of TNF-alpha in the supernatant at different time points was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 5 synthesized DNA sequences which can be transcripted into shRNA were transfected into cells with lipofectamine 2000, then the cells were stimulated with LPS for 24 hours. The concentration of TNF-alpha in the supernatant and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA were determined by ELISA and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. The most effective shRNA was inserted into plasmid, and the recombinant plasmid was identified by sequence analysis. The results showed that the concentration of TNF-alpha in the supernatant reached peak after the stimulation with LPS for 24 hours. In the RNA interference group, the shRNA 1 was the most effective one, which could inhibit the expression of TNF-alpha by 59.46% and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA by 61.2%. The recombinant plasmid was cloned and the sequence of interest was obtained. In conclusion, the most effective shRNA targeting TNF-alpha was successfully screened out and the recombinant plasmid was constructed. The recombinant plasmid may be helpful to search new gene therapy for TNF-alpha related disease.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Macrophages ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning on the rejection of skin allograft in mice and its molecular mechanism. BALB/c donor mice and C57BL/6 recipients received hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning once a day for 7 days. After skin transplantation, the recipients were treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) intraperitoneally. Immunofluorescent staining technique and flow cytometry were used to observe the influence HBO on percentage of spleen lymphocytes CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and cell adhesion molecule LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18). The results showed that as compared with control, the numbers of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD11a+, CD4+ CD18+, CD8+CD11a+, CD8+CD18+ lymphocytes of spleen decreased in HBO preconditioning groups and CsA group, and decreased markedly in HBO preconditioning combined with CsA group (p<0.05); the general state of recipient mice in HBO preconditioning combined with CsA group was better than that of recipient mice received HBO preconditioning or CsA only. It is concluded that the method of HBO preconditioning combined with traditional immunosuppressive agent CsA has remarkable advantage in inhibiting the rejection of skin graft. Its molecular protective mechanism is correlated with the expression of adhesive molecules on T cell subsets.
Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; pharmacology ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; prevention & control ; Graft Survival ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Skin Transplantation ; immunology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods

The objective of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in antagonizing acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and improving the rate of survival. The lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipients were injected with bone marrow and lymphocyte of spleen from BALB/c donors and were treated with HBO, cyclosporine A (CsA) and methotrexate (MTX). T lymphocytes and subsets, adhesion molecules and cytokines were detected by flow cytometry, ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. The results showed that the survival rate in HBO group was much higher than that in allogenetic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) group and CsA + MTX group; the numbers of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+)CD11a(+), CD4(+)CD18(+), CD8(+)CD11a(+), CD8(+)CD18(+) lymphocytes in spleen were decreased markedly by HBO and CsA + MTX (p < 0.05); the levels of IL-2 and TNFalpha mRNA and their serum concentrations in HBO group were much lower than those in allo-BMT group but were higher than those in CsA + MTX group; the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in HBO group were much higher than those in allo-BMT group and CsA + MTX group. It is concluded that HBO has more remarkable advantage in improving the rate of survival than CsA + MTX, its mechanism of anti-aGVHD is tightly correlated with the transform of T cell and its subsets and the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines.
Acute Disease ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Cytokines ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; therapy ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Lymphocyte Transfusion ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Whole-Body Irradiation

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Chinese herbal extract HuNan A-1 (HNA-1) on the thymic output function in Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chronically infected rhesus macaques.

METHODSEight Chinese rhesus macaques had been infected by SIVmac239 for 16 to 21 months, and then they were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, 4 in each group. Monkeys in the treatment group were administered with HNA-1 by gastrogavage, once daily for 2 successive months, while those in the control group were administered with equal volume of normal saline by gastrogavage, once daily for 2 successive months. The general condition and body weight of monkeys were observed. Plasma viral loads were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. CD4 percentages and counts, as well as naive CD subsets were detected using flow cytometry. T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay. The thymus tissue was pathologically observed using routine HE staining. The correlation between lesions of the thymus tissue, CD4 counts, naive CD counts, and TREC were analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in body weight, viral loads, absolute CD ratios between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). The altered TREC multiple showed an obvious decreasing tendency in the control group, while it showed an increasing tendency in the treatment group (P < 0.05). In both groups, destroyed structures of the thymus tissue could be seen, filled with pink unstructured material. Increased connective tissues, lowered connective cell density, and confused arrangement could also be seen in the two groups, with no obvious difference. TREC contents were positively correlated with naive CD4 counts after removing extremum (r = 0.926, P = 0.001). Naive CD4 counts were positively correlated with CD4 counts (r = 0.961, P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONSTREC content determination, as a marker of newly thymic emigrants, could be taken as a testing method for evaluating the thymic output function. Besides, HNA-1 treatment increased the thymic output significantly in SIV chronically infected monkeys. Correlation existed among TREC contents, naive CD4 counts, and pathologies of thymus tissues, especially in late infection stage.

Animals ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Macaca mulatta ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; Viral Load

Objective To investigate the effect of CCK-8 on CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1 expressions induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells.Methods RAW264.7 cells were incubated with LPS and/or CCK-8 and/or CCK-8 1R blocking agent devazepide for indicated times .CHOP and caspase-11 protein expressions were determined by West-ern blot , caspase-1 activity was analyzed by kit , IL-1βexpression level was analyzed by ELISA .Results Both CHOP and caspase-11 expression were upregulated in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cell, which were inhibited by pre-treatment of CCK-8 .Pre-treatment of devazepide inhibited the effects of CCK-8 significantly .The same effects were found in caspase-1 activity and IL-1βexpression .Conclusions CCK-8 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhib-iting CHOP/caspase-11/caspase-1 expressions induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cell.CCK 1R may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of CCK-8.

AIM:To observe the influence of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways in ovariectomized rat myocardium .METHODS:Female SD rats (n=30) were divided into sham oper-ation group , ovariectomized group , progynova group , high-dose LBP group and low-dose LBP group .The serum levels of estradiol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured by ELISA.The myocardial contents of H2 S and oxidative stress injury-related indicators were also detected .The morphological changes of the myocardium were observed with HE staining.The expression of eNOS and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in the myocardium was deter-mined by Western blot .RESULTS: Compared with sham operation group , the serum level of estradiol , the content of H2 S, the activity of GSH-Px, and the expression of eNOS and PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins in the myocardium in ovariectomized group were all decreased , and the levels of ROS and MDA in the myocardium were increased (P<0.05). The serum levels of LDH and CK were also increased .The arrangement of the myocardial cells was disordered , and the in-tercellular space was also increased in the ovariectomized group .Compared with ovariectomized group , the serum level of estradiol, the myocardial levels of H2S and GSH-Px, and the protein levels of eNOS and phosphorylated Akt were all in-creased in high dose group, while the levels of ROS and MDA in the myocardium were decreased (P<0.05).The serum levels of LDH and CK were also decreased .The morphological changes of the rat myocardium were improved in high dose group.CONCLUSION: LBP prevents and treats postmenopausal cardiovascular lesions through regulating PI 3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathways in ovariectomized rats .

objective To investigate the method of securing donors and recipients during the initial procedure of adult-to-aduh living donor liver transplantation(ALDLT).Methods The clinical data,preoperative assessment,surgical strategies and complications of 71 adult donors and recipients who underwent ALDLT from April 2007 to November 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Sixty-three right lobes without middle hepatic vein(MHV),1 extended right lobe,4 right lobes with MHV and 3 left lobes with MHV were obtained.Two donors suffered from postoperative complications including 1 with bile leakage and 1 with abdominal bleeding.No donor mortality occurred.Eighteen recipients had postoperative complications including 12 with biliary complications,3 with vascular complications and 3 with small-for-size syndrome.The perioperative mortality rate of recipients was 10%(7/71).Conclusions Strict donor and recipient assessment,optimal surgical strategy and postoperative care are extremely helpful to secure donors and recipients during the initial procedure of ALDLT.