Biomedical Research ; Child ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Rett Syndrome

Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; diagnosis ; therapy

Wound secretion from 20 patients with gaseous gangrene was collected for Gram staining,bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests.The results indicated that gaseous gangrene was caused by the co-infection of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Gram-negative bacilli were slishtly more common than other aerobic bacteria in gageous gangrene wound,which was different from the findings of ordinary gaseous gangrene.

Objective To explore the expression and the role of Toll-like receptor(TLR3 and TLR4) in rats with nephrotic syndrome induced by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).Methods SD rats were inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally with 6?106 plaque for-ming unit(PFU) RSV to construct RSV-induced nephropathy in rat model.Rats were anesthetized and blood was withdrawn from cardiac on day 4,14,30,60 after inoculation.The normal ones without intervention were set as control group.The renal histology was observed by light microscope and electron microscope.The urinary protein collected in 24 hours were measured.Meanwhile,the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rats.The results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 softwore.Results After inoculation,the proteinuria increased and under the electron microscope the foot processes of glomerular epithelial cells were fused which resembled human minimal change nephrotic syndrome.Proteinuria reached the peak and the fusion of foot processes were most extensive in rats of RSV at 60 d.The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in each group of RSV-induced nephropathy in rat models were significantly higher than those in normal control group(Pa0.05).Conclusions TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of RSV-induced nephropathy rat mo-dels had being significantly activated until 60 d after RSV inoculation.TLR signaling pathway may play an important role in nephrotic syndrome of rats induced by RSV.

Objective To study the present situation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of male patients in geriatrics department. Methods Two thousand one hundred and twenty-five patients aged 60 years and above with BPH in geriatrics department of Chengdu, Lanzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan and Beijing were investigated using stratified cluster random sampling method. Results The constituent ratio of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in geriatrics department was 47.0%, and the proportions of the elderly of 60～,70～ ,80～ years old among the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were 18.1%,49.4 and 32.5%, respectively (x2 = 83.68, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the occupation distribution of BPH constituent ratio: 66.4% for staffs of state organs, 18.0% for professional technical personnel and 14.7% for works and peasants (x2=410.27,P<0.001). The international prostate symptom scores (IPSS) were different among different cities (x2=101.00, P<0. 001 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that the IPSS was correlated with age and profession (age: OR= 1.029;worker and peasant as control group, working staff of state organs OR=O.707, professional technical personnel OR=0.339 ). Conclusions The benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in male elderly patients in China, but the consultation rate is low. The IPSS of benign prostatic hyperplasia is correlated with age and profession. Prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the elderly should be strengthened.

A reliable method for simultaneous determinition of eleven representative components (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin) in combination of chromatographic fingerpint analysis for Reduning injection was developed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The method was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 anlytical column (3. 0 mm x 100 mm, 1. 8 µm) with a guard column of Agilent UPLC Guard ZORBAX SB-C18 (3.0 mm x 5 mm) at the column temperature of 30 °C. The gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid (B) with a flow rate of 0. 4 mL . min-1. The injection volumn was 2 µL. The detection wavelengths were set at 324 nm and 238 nm for quantit tive analysis and 225 nm for fingerpint chromatography. Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide and secoxyloganin were baseline seperated with good linearity relationships (r >0. 999) between concentration and peak areas over the linear ranges. The average recoverys of the investigated compounds were 103.5%, 100. 2%, 103. 3%, 102. 8%, 101. 3%, 102. 8%, 97. 36%, 99. 62%, 98. 16%, 102. 8%, 99. 27%, respectively. Reduning injection of forty-five batches was analyzed by UPLC finge print chromatography. Thirty batches were selected to generate the reference fringerprint chromatography with fourteen common peaks. The similarity values between the reference fringerprint chromatography and the remaining fifteen batches were higher than 0. 99. The developed method was fast, accurate and sensitive. It could be used as a reference for the quality control of multiple components determination and fingerprint chromatography for Reduning injection in future.
Chlorogenic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.

Objective To investigate clinical value of pubococcygeal line (PCL) determined by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used in evaluating pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and investigate the relationship of pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q) stage and pubococcygeal line (PCL) for the patient with POP. Methods Twenty patients with POP were evaluated by POP-Q stage and pelvic dynamic MRI examination simultaneously. Sagittal MRI images were acquired at rest and during maximal Valsalva using a fast gradient echo sequence two-dimensional fast low angle shot (FLASH) T1weighted image. The degree of prolapsed anterior vaginal wall, uterus and posterior vaginal wall were measured by PCL and compared with POP-Q system. Results There were 20 cases with cystocel diagnosed by POP-Q staging system, in which bladder neck or bladder base of 17 patients were under the PCL during maximum Valsalva. The concordance rate was 85% (17/20) between PCL and POP-Q stage. There were 19cases with rectocele diagnosed by POP-Q, in which the anorectal junction of 4 patients' PCL descent below more than 2. 5 cm. The concordance rate was 4/19 between PCL and POP-Q stage. There were 14 cases with uterine prolapse diagnosed by POP-Q staging system, in which uterine cervix of all descent below PCL. The concordance rate was 14/14 between PCL and POP-Q stage. However, it was noted that 5 cases did not reach POP-Q staging and their lowest uteri cervix were below or above PCL but less than 1 cm at maximal Valsalva. Conclusions Compared with POP-Q staging system, the reference line of PCL determined by dynamic MRI could diagnose uterine prolapse accurately and anterior vaginal wall with greater clinical value,however it was limited in diagnosing posterior vaginal wall prolapse effectively. Therefore, the clinical value of PCL should be further studied for evaluating POP.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic status of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (LUTS/BPH) in outpatient department for elderly patients, and to understand the patients' attitude and knowledge on the disease. Methods The investigation was conducted in 34 outpatient departments for elderly patients located in 11 cities from February to September 2008. The male patients who came to the clinic during the survey time were investigated whether they had LUTS /BPH history or not. Then some eligible patients were chosen to accept a more detailed questionnaire and BPH-related examinations. Results There were 31371 male patients who came to the clinic. 47.0% of them (14748 cases) had the history of LUTS / BPH, and 72.4 % (10678 cases) had medical or surgical treatments presently or previously, whereas 27.6% were untreated. The three most commonly performed examinations in clinical practice were urinalysis, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and transabdominal ultrasonography. In 3542 patients receiving medical investigation, 32.6% (1155 cases) were given 5a reductase inhibitor, and 35.0% (1239 cases) received a combination therapy of 5a reductase inhibitor plus a receptor blocker. 84.5 (1796 cases) and 79.0% (1678 cases) of all the patients were satisfied with the examinations and treatments respectively. Conclusions LUTS and BPH are common in outpatient department for elderly patients. There are discrepancies of examinations and medical treatments between real medical practice and international suggestion, and the patients' understanding of the disease should be improved

Two non-destructive instrumental methods, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were studied for quality evaluation of Lobelia chinensis Lour. (L. chinensis). We obtained the IR spectra and XRD patterns of L. chinensis collected from different sources. The similarity of samples was analyzed by cal-culating the cosine coefficient. The cosine values were in the range of 0.83–0.90, indicating that the main components of L. chinensis samples are similar. Sample L1 and L6 showed a slightly lower similarity than that of L2, L3, L4, L5 detected by the two methods, which revealed that IR and XRD methods exhibited analogous detection ability for quality evaluation of L. chinensis. The two methods could be highly re-commended as simple and rapid detection means for quality evaluation of L. chinensis.