Child ; Collagen Type IV ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of frequency difference and intensity difference on mismatch negativity (MMN) change in normal persons. Emphatically to observe the effect on the latency and amplitude of normal people's MMN, as well as the threshold of the acoustic difference which may induce the MMN. METHODS Twenty-four adults were included in this study. Their thresholds of pure tone audiometry were within 20dBHL. The MMN were measured by using the Smart EP ( ear potentiometer provided by the company of Intelligent Hearing) and the rule of the change by the difference of frequency and intensity to the latency and amplitude of normal people’s MMN were studied. RESULTS Along with the decreasing of the difference of the frequency, the MMN latency prolonged gradually. The amplitude of the MMN decreased gradually as the decreasing of the intensity difference. CONCLUSION A stable MMN graph is an important indicator of objective physiological test with hearing distinguish.

0.05). But typeⅢsodium channel expressed higher than that in control groups in hippocampus, restriction mapping analysis showed thatⅢN increased significantly (P

In order to improve the clinical efficacy of the umbilicus fumigation method, the ancient literature with the heat control of umbilicus fumigation method involved is collected extensively and analyzed systematically, and the heat control, precautions and contraindications of this method are discussed. In association with the cases and the present clinical experience, the main factors to the heat control are introduced, such as preparation of doughnuts, filling quantity, size of moxa cone and numbers of moxa cones so that the clinical application of the umbilicus fumigation method can be promoted and enhanced.
Biomedical Research ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Fumigation ; History, Ancient ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Umbilicus ; physiopathology

This paper is to survey two groups of medicine-oriented English major undergraduates who have their probation either before or after the Quality Monitoring System is introduced to them about their degrees of learning satisfaction through questionnaires and seminar discussions. As a result, it proves that the implementation of the Quality Monitoring System in student probation helps to raise the degrees of student learning satisfaction, which clearly promotes the probation quality and secures the fulfillment of the mission in practice.

Brain ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of IL-6 mAb on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in rats, and search the mechanism of the role of IL-6, helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulative T cells (Treg) in EAM pathogenesis.

METHODSThirty-four Lewis rats were divided into three groups randomly, i.e. control group (n = 6), EAM group (n = 12), and IL-6 mAb intervention group (n = 16). Rats in EAM group and IL-6 mAb intervention group were injected intracutaneously with myosin to establish EAM model. Rats in IL-6 mAb intervention group were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg IL-6 mAb on 1st, 7th to 20th day after cardiac myosin immune injection. Myocardial inflammation was examined by HE stain, Masson stain, and TdT assay (TUNEL reaction) on 21st and 84th day after IL-6 mAb therapy in order to assess the therapeutic role. Spleen cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to illustrate Th17 and Treg cells? number and function. The serum concentration of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TGF-beta in each group was measured by ELISA, concentration of STAT3, RORgammat, and Foxp3 mRNA in each group was determined with RT-PCR. Spleen cells derived from EAM were stimulated by IL-6 mAb in vitro, and the concentration of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSInflammation score, fibrosis score, and apoptosis index in IL-6 mAb intervention group were significantly decreased as compared with those in EAM group (P < 0.01). The number of Th17 and Treg cells in EAM group on the 21st day (experimental acute peak stage) were increased, and those in intervention group on the 21st day were significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). The concentration of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta in intervention group on the 21st day was decreased dramatically in comparison with that in EAM group on the same day (P < 0.01). The levels of peripheral blood STAT3, RORgammat, Foxp3 mRNA in intervention group on the 21st day was decreased significantly as compared with that in EAM group (P < 0.01). The expression of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta was increased significantly (P < 0.01) by stimulation of IL-6 mAb on spleen cells derived from EAM in vitro.

CONCLUSIONSIL-6 mAb could neutralize IL-6, and ameliorate myocarditis and reduce heart autoimmune responses. IL-6 mAb has significantly protective effects on EAM by suppressing Th17 and Treg cells.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-17 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Male ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Th17 Cells ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous infusion of hyper-oxygenated solution (HOS) on small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-four rabbits of both sexes,weighing 2.5-3.2 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and HOS group.Small intestinal I/R was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 1 h followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R and HOS groups,while the SMA was only clamped in group S.HOS was infused intravenously at a rate of 20 ml· kg-1 ·h -1 via the auricular vein starting from the time immediately after clamping the SMA in group HOS and the equal volume of normal saline was infused instead of HOS in group I/R.Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava at 2 h of reperfusion to detect the concentration of serum lactic acid.The animals were then sacrificed and the small intestine was removed for determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content,and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in intestinal tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of the intestinal epithelia were observed and the damage.to the mucous membrane was scored.The internal organs were removed and bacterial translocation from gut to the internal organs was observed.Results Compared with group S,the level of MDA and lactic acid,and rate of bacterial translocation were significantly increased,and the activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in groups I/R and HOS ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the level of MDA and lactic acid,rate of bacterial translocation,and activities of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in group HOS ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous infusion of HOS can reduce small intestinal I/R injury in rabbits.

Objective To analyze the changes of clinical and pathological features in the patients of IgA nephropathy with anemia.Methods Four hundred and nine patients of IgA nephropathy diagnosed by renal biopsy were classified into two groups:IgA nephropathy with nonanemia (group 1) and IgA nephropathy with anemia (group 2).Changes were studied retrospectively between the groups.Results Serum hemoglobin level was correlated with the clinical parameters of IgA nephropathy.Companed to group 1,changes in group 2 were as followed:serum creatinine increased,eGFR decreased,proteinuria increased; the global sclerosis,segmental sclerosis,crescents and tubulointerstitial lesions worsened.The glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions were negatively correlated with serum hemoglobin and eGFR,but positively correlated with serum uric acid and proteinuria (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that anemia was an independent risk factor for the tubulointerstitial lesion.Conclusion Clinical feature and pathological damages in the patients of IgA nephropathy with anemia are more serious than those with non-anemia.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of using three-dimensional (3D) printing technique on surgical planning and its function in enhancing the physician-patient rapport before surgery.Methods From June 2013 to January 2014,10 patients with T1 renal tumors,who were received laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,were selected in study.Left renal tumor was found in 3 cases and right renal tumor was found in 7 cases.The location of tumor included upper part of kidney in 5 cases,lower part of kidney in 3 cases and renal hilum in 2 cases,4 cases were diagnosed as T1a stage and 6 cases were diagnosed as T1b stage.64-slice enhanced CT scan was performed preoperatively.Data of DICOM format was sent for post processing.The final data was then output to 3 d printer for generating kidney models using thermoplastic plastics.After generating the model,different colors were put on the model,including pink in kidney,yellow in pelvis and ureter,red in renal artery and blue in renal vein.Plotted questionnaires were designed for medical professionals and patients,respectively.4 urological experts make the scores by this questionnaire in order to evaluate the efficacy and fidelity of the model.2 surgeons evaluated the efficacy of model after operation by comparing the actual tumor size with that measured on the models.Meanwhile,the model was used for conversation before operation.The questionnaires were also used for evaluating the effectiveness of conversion.Results 10 kidney models fabricated successfully with 3D-printing.The tumor size,position,renal vascular and collecting system could be clearly presented.Being evaluated by 4 experts and 2 performing urologists,and the mean scores was 7.8 ± 0.7.Intraoperative correlation was advocated by the performing urologists.The mean evaluation score was 7.5.The bias between real diameter of renal carcinoma and that of 3 d model was 3.4± 1.3 mm.Patients and family members preferred the demonstration of the disease and the procedure with a visual and tactilediseased organ.The scores of satisfactory were 9.0 ± 0.8.Conclusions The 3d printed model could exhibit the relationship between tumor and renal,clearly.It can help the urologists in making surgical plan,effectively.Patients' Understandings from patients and family members of the disease and the procedure to be used can be upgraded with this novel technology.