PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify suicidal ideation in high school students in urban and rural areas. METHODS: For this research two urban and two rural high schools in four cities were chosen. The participants were 713 students (373 in the urban area, 340 in the rural area). The survey was conducted from June 1 to July 31, 2012. Data were analyzed with chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: Results showed that 19.5% of respondents had suicidal ideation within the past 1 year. There were significant differences in suicidal ideation and developmental assets between the two areas. Multiple regression analysis revealed that support, school violence, gender, family abuse, constructive use of time, and positive identity were significant predictors and explained 26% of suicidal ideation for high school students in urban areas. On the other hand, in rural areas, family abuse, gender, positive identity, smoking and empowerment were significant predictors and explained 31% of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that implementation of a suicide prevention program in which consideration is given to these factors, and taking into account differences between urban and rural students would be helpful in reducing suicidal ideation.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Hand ; Humans ; Power (Psychology) ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Violence

Background: Chronic exposure to low-dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the association between serum POP concentrations and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as a marker of mitochondrial function in humans and in vitro cells. Methods: Serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 323 adults. The OCRs of platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 20 mL of fresh blood using a Seahorse XF analyzer. Additionally, the in vitro effects of Arochlor-1254, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and p,p´-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane at concentrations of 0.1 pM to 100 nM were evaluated in human platelets, human PBMCs, and Jurkat T-cells. Results: The association between serum POP concentrations and OCR differed depending on the cell type. As serum OCP concentrations increased, basal platelet OCR levels decreased significantly; according to the OCP quintiles of summary measure, they were 8.6, 9.6, 8.2, 8.0, and 7.1 pmol/min/μg (P trend=0.005). Notably, the basal PBMC OCR levels decreased remarkably as the serum PCB concentration increased. PBMC OCR levels were 46.5, 34.3, 29.1, 16.5, and 13.1 pmol/min/μg according to the PCB quintiles of summary measure (P trend <0.001), and this inverse association was consistently observed in all subgroups stratified by age, sex, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, respectively. In vitro experimental studies have also demonstrated that chronic exposure to low-dose POPs could decrease OCR levels. Conclusion The findings from human and in vitro studies suggest that chronic exposure to low-dose POPs can induce mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing oxidative phosphorylation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of a maternal-child health education program for nurses in Tigray, Ethiopia. METHODS: One-group pre-posttest design was used. The maternal-child health (MCH) education program was given to nurses from 5 health centers in Tigray, Ethiopia. Knowledge and confidence levels were measured before and after each education session. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. RESULTS: The topics of the 5 educational sessions were family planning, antenatal care, care during labor, immunization, and integrated management of neonate, and child illness. Knowledge scores (1st: Z=3.931, p=.001; 2nd: Z=6.189, p<.001; 3rd: Z=5.658, .001, 4th: Z=8.734, .001, 5th: Z=14.167, .001) and confidence levels (1st: Z=8.467, .001; 2nd: Z=4.183, .001; 3rd: Z=4.992, .001) improved significantly. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study imply that the MCH education program for nurses was effective in developing the maternal-child health capacity of the nurses in Tigray, Ethiopia.
Child ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Ethiopia* ; Family Planning Services ; Health Education* ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Health Services

No abstract available.
Hypertriglyceridemia*

Cudraxanthone D (CD) is a natural xanthone compound derived from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata . However, the biological functions of CD in human metabolism have been rarely reported until now. Autophagy is the self-degradation process related to cancer cell metastasis. Here, we elucidated the effects of CD on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells’ metastatic ability. We confirmed that CD effectively decreased the proliferation and viability of SCC25 human OSCC cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. Also, the metastasis phenotype of the SCC25 cell (migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition [EMT]) was inhibited by CD. To further investigate the mechanism by which CD inhibited the metastatic capacity, we detected the relationship between EMT and autophagy in the SCC25 cells. The results revealed that CD inhibited the metastasis of the SCC25 cells by attenuating autophagy. Thus, our findings produced a potential novel agent for the treatment of human OSCC metastasis.

PURPOSE: We examined the effects of a community outreach program for maternal health in Tigray, Ethiopia, on women's knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care, and family planning, and assessed their participation in antenatal care, postpartum checkups, institutional childbirth, and contraceptive use. METHODS: We recruited Ethiopian women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) in Tigray, Ethiopia. Two villages in Tigray, Kihen and Mesanu, which have similar population sizes and living environments, were chosen as the intervention and comparison groups, respectively. A two-group pretest-posttest design with cluster sampling was employed. We conducted self-report questionnaire surveys using face-to-face interviews. The 2.5-year community outreach program was developed based on Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory. It consisted of mass media use and health education for lay women in the community, along with training of health care providers, including nurses, midwives, and health extension workers, in maternal health care. RESULTS: The intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge and behaviors regarding maternal health and family planning compared to the comparison group (p < .001). In particular, there was a dramatic increase from 10.8% to 93.5% in the institutional birth rate in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The community outreach program and health care professional training effectively improved knowledge and behaviors regarding maternal health in Ethiopian women. Mass media and interpersonal communication channels for health education may be useful health interventions in developing countries.
Birth Rate ; Community-Institutional Relations* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Ethiopia* ; Family Planning Services* ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Mass Media ; Maternal Health* ; Midwifery ; Parturition ; Population Density ; Postnatal Care ; Pregnancy

Cudraxanthone D (CD) is a natural xanthone compound derived from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata . However, the biological functions of CD in human metabolism have been rarely reported until now. Autophagy is the self-degradation process related to cancer cell metastasis. Here, we elucidated the effects of CD on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells’ metastatic ability. We confirmed that CD effectively decreased the proliferation and viability of SCC25 human OSCC cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. Also, the metastasis phenotype of the SCC25 cell (migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition [EMT]) was inhibited by CD. To further investigate the mechanism by which CD inhibited the metastatic capacity, we detected the relationship between EMT and autophagy in the SCC25 cells. The results revealed that CD inhibited the metastasis of the SCC25 cells by attenuating autophagy. Thus, our findings produced a potential novel agent for the treatment of human OSCC metastasis.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a progressive systemic fibrosing disease that may occur after gadolinium contrast exposure. It can lead to severe complications and even death.NSF is highly prevalent among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this report, however, we describe the case of a patient with NSF that occurred during early CKD. A 65-year-old man with stage 3a CKD was transferred to our hospital because of lower extremity edema. The medical history revealed that he was exposed to gadolinium 185 days earlier, and the result of his tibial skin biopsy was consistent with NSF. The patient underwent a combined therapy with ultraviolet-A1 phototherapy and methotrexate and steroid therapy for 6 months. The combined therapy stopped the systemic progression of NSF.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of simulation-based learning on the knowledge about and performance confidence in the nursing care of children with asthma. METHODS: A one-group pre- and post- study design was used. A total of 70 nursing students participated in the study. In groups of five, the participants experienced simulation-based learning during their child health nursing practicum. The given scenario was about nursing care for children with asthma. The simulation learning was provided for 3 hours, and included a group discussion before the simulation and a debriefing. RESULTS: After the simulation, knowledge about and performance confidence in the nursing care of children with asthma significantly increased. The nursing students reported a high level of satisfaction with the simulation-based learning. There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and performance confidence. CONCLUSION: Simulation-based learning was effective for nursing students in the nursing care of children with asthma. Our results suggest utilizing this new way of learning to strengthen the clinical experience of child health nursing in nursing students.
Asthma* ; Child Health ; Child* ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning* ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to explore nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Korea. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A total of 196 participants were recruited from the ELNEC-PPC course held in Seoul, Korea. All participants completed a 20-item survey questionnaire which assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC using a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS: Nurses' knowledge of PPC correlated with their educational level and work experience in the pediatric unit and hospice care unit. The work experience in the pediatric unit, career length in PPC and completion of palliative education course made differences in the attitudes toward PPC. Married nurses scored significantly higher on the parental rights in determining palliative care service for their child, and nurses with master's degree or higher showed a higher level of understanding of and attitudes toward the differences between PPC and adult palliative care. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC need be considered to develop a pediatric palliative training program.
Adult ; Child ; Education ; Hospice Care ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Korea ; Palliative Care* ; Parents ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires