Objective To investigate the expression of anchor attachment protein(AAP)in colorectal carcinoma tissues and serum level of AAP in colorectal carcinoma patients and to identify the relationship among AAP expression,lymph node and liver metastases.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect AAP expression,and ELISA was used to test AAP level in peripheral vein blood in 83 patients with colorectal carcinoma.Results The expression rate in normal colorectal mucosa,primary cancer,lymph nodes and liver metastases were 20.5%、53.0%、69.8% and 80.0%,respectively.The positive rate of AAP in primary cancer,lymph nodes and in liver metastasesfoci was higher than that in normal mucosa(P

To determine the optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Xiaoyaosan, and establish its fingerprint by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the yield of extract were investigated, an orthogonal test was used to quantify the effects of extraction temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and time, and fingerprint analysis of different batches of extracts were by GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 25 kg x h(-1), extraction time 3 h, and average yield 2.2%. The GC-MS fingerprint was established and 27 common peaks were found, whose contents add up to 81.89% of the total peak area. Among them, 21 compounds were identified, accounting for 53.20% of the total extract. The extraction process is reasonable and favorable for industrial production. The GC-MS method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and can be used for quality control of supercritical CO2 extract from Xiaoyaosan.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo systematically optimize the cultivation conditions of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

METHODTissue cultivation technology and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were adopted to observe the effect of inoculum volume, sucrose concentration, inorganic salt concentration, number of cultivation days, gradual scale-up cultivation and bubble different angles of bioreactor on the growth of adventitious roots of P. heterophylla, and determine the content of constituents such as saponin, polysaccharide and amino acid.

RESULTThe propagation multiple of adventitious roots reached the maximum when the inoculum was 6 g in a 1 L culture shake flask. With the increase in sucrose concentration, the dry weight propagation multiples of adventitious roots followed an up and down trend. The inorganic salt concentration in a cultivation dish had a greater effect on the growth of adventitious roots, particularly 3/4 MS was the most favorable for the growth of adventitious roots. The growth curve of P. heterophylla was "S", with the biomass reaching the maximum at the 28th day.

CONCLUSIONThe inoculum volume, sucrose concentration, inorganic salt concentration, gradual scale-up cultivation and angles of bubble bioreactor had a significant effect on the growth of adventitious roots of P. heterophylla. The contents of saponin and amino acid in adventitious roots were higher than that in cultivated P. heterophylla, whereas the polysaccharide content were lower than that in cultivated P. heterophylla.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Caryophyllaceae ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Time Factors ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods

Animals ; Humans ; Ligands ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; physiology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; physiology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 ; genetics ; physiology

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of oligomeric grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling in rats. ISO was given subcutaneously (5 mg x kg(-1), sc, 7 days) to induce cardiac remodeling in rats. Therapeutic groups were given GSP (50, 100, and 150 mg x kg(-1)) after ISO treatment. After 2 weeks intervention, heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (+/- dp/dt(max)) were examined. The myocardial hypertrophy index was expressed as heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) and left ventricle weight/body weight (LVW/BW), the histological changes were investigated by HE and Van Gieson stain. SOD activity and MDA content in serum, contents of hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the left ventricular tissue were assayed by xanthinoxidase method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and alkaline hydrolysis method, respectively. After the onset of ISO-treatment, GSP therapy potently improved cardiac function, inhibited myocardial hypertrophy, improved cardiac pathology change, decreased the myocardial cross-section area (CSA), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular circumferential collagen area (PVCA), reduced the content of Hyp in the left ventricular tissue, inhibited the decrease of SOD activity and increase of MDA content in serum. GSP possess protective effect against ISO induced cardiac remodeling in rats, this may be related to reducing the oxidative stress and improving antioxidant capacity.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Grape Seed Extract ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Hydroxyproline ; metabolism ; Isoproterenol ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proanthocyanidins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects ; Ventricular Pressure ; drug effects ; Ventricular Remodeling ; drug effects ; Vitis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 6 (n-HA/PA6) on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the feasibility of using both for constructing tissue engineered bone in the calvarias of rats with critical sized defects.

METHODSThe third passage of BMSCs were cultured in osteoblastic medium and seeded on the scaffolds of n-HA/PA6, the proliferation of the BMSCs was tested by MTT (3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl}-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide) on scheduled dates, and the osteoblastic differentiation of the BMSCs were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Furthermore, the scaffolds with or without BMSCs in rat calvarial defects, after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks have been implanted. Histology and scanning electron microscope were used to test the bone healing in the different groups.

RESULTSThe BMSCs seeded on the n-HA/PA6 grew well, the proliferation of cells was not affected by the scaffold, and the staining of ALP was also positive. At 4 week and 8 week after implantation, the n-HA/PA6 with BMSCs showed more new bone formation on the surface of scaffolds, with a better osseointegration of implant and host bone when compared with the group of n-HA/PA6 without BMSCs. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups at 16 week.

CONCLUSIONThe porous n-HA/PA6 has no negative effects on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs, and using BMSCs as seed cells and n-HA/PA6 as scaffolds is a good choice for constructing tissue engineered bone due to the enhanced new bone formation and osseointegration.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone and Bones ; Caprolactam ; analogs & derivatives ; Cell Differentiation ; Durapatite ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Polymers ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on the biological function of SW620 cell.

METHODSMacrophage was induced into M2-type macrophage form with interleukin (IL)-4. CD68, macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed with Western blot. SW620 was co-cultured with TAMs in the Transwell. Cytokines including IL-10, IL-12, IL-23, and tramsforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in SW620 was analyzed with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The proliferation and apoptosis of SW620 cells after co-cultured with TAM were determined with tetrazolium four nitrogen (XTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. RESULTS IL-4 induced M2 type macrophage expressed CD68 and MMR instead of iNOS. After co-cultured with SW620 for 24 hours and 48 hours, M2 type macrophage secreted higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-β than the pre-culture level (P 0.05). The activity of NF-κB in SW620 decreased by 72% and 75% after 24 hours and 48 hours compared with the pre-culture level, respectively (both P<0.01). The activity of proliferation decreased by 48% and 59% and the apoptotic rates increased by 6.37% and 7.68% and 0.37% after 24 hours and 48 hours (all P<0.01) compared with the pre-culture levels.

CONCLUSIONTAM may inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of SW620 by suppressing the activity of NF-κB.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Coculture Techniques ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Macrophages ; metabolism ; physiology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

Objective To illustrate if the racial coefficient (Rc) be biased by different reference GFR (rGFR) distribution among studies. Methods 1405 white and 321 African American participants in MDRD study and 684 chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients in Chinese eGFR Investigation Study were included.Firstly.the unweighted datasets of white and Chinese were stacked together.rGFR,age and plasma creatinine (Pcr) were log transformed.Linear regression model was constructed using log transformed rGFR as dependent,gender,race and log transformed Pcr and age as independent.Unweighted RC (uRC) for Chinese was calculated.Then.the Chinese CKD distribution of rGFR was weighted to be the same as that in White American.and weighted RC (wRC)for Chinese was calculated.The cases of White.and African-American were stacked together.The cases of African-American were weighted to make the rGFR distribution the same as that in White-American and Chinese population respectively,and RCs for African-American were calculated. Resuits The uRC for Chinese was 1.197(1.180-1.211)and the wRC was 1.130 (1.117-1.143).The two RCs did not overlap with each other.The RCs for African-American were 1.205(1.19-1.219)and 1.233(1.219-1.247)respectively. Conclusions The RCs were influenced by the difference of rGFR distribution.To find out the real RC.an intemational collaborative study iS needed,with the same rGFR measure method.strict control of Pcr measurement,and the same rGFR distribution.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of viral infections and putative association of viral infection with illness severity in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in Chongqing.

METHODRespiratory secretion specimens were collected from 119 hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia from December 2006 to March 2008.After being processed, the samples were detected for respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (HBoV), parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 (PIV 1, 2, 3), influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB) either by PCR or RT-PCR. Clinical data were analyzed along with virological data by using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTViral pathogens were identified in specimens of 86 (72.3%) cases, among which RSV was detected in 49 (41.2%) patients. More than one virus was detected in 23 individual (26.7%) samples, of which 19 were dual positive for RSV and another virus. Bacterial cultures were performed for 69 patients. Both bacterial and viral pathogens were identified in 53 (76.8%) patients. Bacterial and viral coinfection was demonstrated in samples from 41 (59.4%) cases.

CONCLUSIONViral pathogens are the main etiology of severe pneumonia in young children in Chongqing area during the study period. RSV was the most frequent viral pathogens, followed by ADV and hMPV. Coinfection with respiratory common viruses was relatively common, though co-infection with viruses did not appear to aggravate the patients' condition.

Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Human bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza A virus ; isolation & purification ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; microbiology ; virology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; microbiology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases ; virology

Nine known compounds, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-chromanone (1), 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-chromanone (2), 5-hydroxyl-2-methyl-4-chromanone (3), 1-(2, 6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutanone(4), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (5), (22E,24R)-ergost-7, 22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6alpha-triol (6), euphorbol (7), beta-sitosterol (8) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethanol (9) were isolated and identified in Xylaria nigripes for the first time, and their structures were mainly determined by MS and NMR methods. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated as the natural product for the first time.
Mass Spectrometry ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Xylariales ; chemistry