Objective To explore the clinical effects of different regimens of letrozole in the treatment of PCOS in patients with infertility.Methods A total of 87 cases of PCOS infertility were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into the group A(44 cases of menstrual cycle 3rd~7th day oral letrozole 5mg/d), the group B 43 cases(3D of the menstrual cycle to take a one-time oral letrozole 20mg),ultrasound monitoring was used in the treatment process,when the maximum follicle diameter greater than or equal to 18mm,HCG intramuscular injection of human chorionic 10 000IU(HCG).The changes of endocrine hormones in the two groups were compared and the effect of ovulation induction was compared.Results Menstruation the fifth day serum T,FSH,LH,between the two groups had no statistically significant differences (P>0.05 ).The serum E2 in the group B [(106.1 ± 43.2)nmol/L]was lower than that in the group A[(183.2 ±69.4)nmol/L](t=6.204,P<0.05).Injection of HCG on the same day,the serum T,FSH and E2 between the group A and group B showed no significant differences(P>0.05),serum LH level in group B[(31.1 ±9.2)IU/L]was lower than that in the group A[(34.6 ±8.9)IU/L](t=2.010,P<0.05 ).In group B,the endometrial thickness,the number of mature follicles,the ovulation rate,the pregnancy rate within 12 months were (0.94 ±0.11)mm,(1.46 ±0.41),95.35%,35.26% respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the group A[(0.83 ±0.13)mm,(1.14 ±0.25),70.45%,13.64%](t=4.256,t=4.407,χ2 =9.445,4.398,all P<0.05).Conclusion The 3rd day at menstrual cycle,taking a single oral dose of letrozole 20mg program is favor of an early lowering E2 levels,and can promote follicular maturation and development,improve the pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS.

Asthma ; immunology ; virology ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; complications ; immunology ; virology ; Child ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; complications ; genetics ; immunology ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index

AIM:To compare the synthesis efficiency of n3 and n6 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid ( VLC-PUFA ) by overexpressing ELOVL4 protein, providing guidance for treating Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3).
METHODS:To establish recombinant adenovirus with the ELOVL4 protein and green fluorescent protein, transferred into cultured PC12 cells. The cells were divided into 3 groups: PC12, PC12 + Ad- GFP and PC12 + Ad-ELOVL4, former two groups serve as controls. ELOVL4 gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCRs. ELOVL4 protein was analyzed by Western - Blot ( WB ) . The transduced cells were treated with both EPA and AA (1:1). After 48h of incubation, cells were collected, total lipids extracted and fatty acid methyl esters prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) .
RESULTS:When supplemented together, 20:5n3 (EPA) and 20:4n6 ( AA) were efficiently taken up at almost the same amounts in the PC12 cells regardless of ELOVL4 expression. The ELOVL4-expressing cells elongated both EPA and AA to a series of n3 and n6 VLC-PUFAs. From 20:5n3/EPA, 34:5n3 and 36:5n3 account for 0. 71% and 1.6%, respectively. From 20:4n6/DHA, 34:4n6 and 36:4n6 were only 0. 46% and 0. 61%, respectively. The total relative mol% of n3 VLC-PUFAs synthesized from EPA was almost two times that of n6 VLC-PUFAs synthesized from AA.
CONCLUSION: ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates n3 PUFA to VLC - PUFAs over n6 PUFA. Dietary supplementation of appropriate n3/n6 PUFAs may provide STGD3 patients with some therapeutic benefits.

Background Researches determined that ELOVL4 gene is a disease-causing gene of Stargard tmacular dystrophy and is a elongation enzyme of very long chain fatty acids.Stargardt type Ⅲ(STGD3) may be associated with the metabolism of extensive enzyme of very long chain fatty acids.To explore the effect of ELOVL4 in STGD3 and its relationship with the metabolism of extensive enzyme of very long chain fatty acids is of important clinical significance.Objective This study was to determine the role of ELOVL4 gene for the pathogenesis of STGD3.Methods Recombinant adenovirus type 5 carrying mouse ELOVL4 gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was transfected into pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells),and then the cells were divided into PC12 group,PC12+Ad5-GFP group and PC12+AdS-ELOVL4 group.Ad-GFP or Ad-ELOVL4 was added into the culture medium for 24 hours with the virus plasmid 1 × 104-2× 104 pfu/ml.Expression of ELOVL4 mRNA in the PC12 was quantified by quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) and was described as relative value to the expression of RPL19.ELOVL4 protein was assayed by Western blot.The transfected cells were treated with arachidonic acid (AA,20:4n6),eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,22:6n3) individually for 48 hours.The cells were collected,and total lipids were extracted,and fatty acid methyl esters were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Results The relative expression levels of ELOVL4 mRNA in PC12 cells in the PC12+Ad5-ELOVL4 group,PC12+Ad5-GFP group and PC12 group were 0.833± O.138,0.027t±0.002 and 0.024 ±0.002,with a significant difference among the 3 groups (F =102.700,P =0.000),and relative expression levels of PC12+Ad-ELOVL4 were 30-40 folds more than those in the PC12 group and the PC12+Ad-GFP group.Western blot assay showed a stronger response band for ELOVL4 protein in the PC12+Ad-ELOVL4 group.GC-MS found that abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (C28-C38) were synthesized by PC12 cells in the PC12+Ad-ELOVL4 group,with the more levels in C34 and C36.Conclusions ELOVL4 can promote the synthesis of C28-C38 polyunsatured fatty acid in PC12 cells,which offers a novel clue for the treatment of STGD3.

Background Flicker light can induce myopia,but its mechanism remains unclear.As one of immediate early genes,early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene can generate rapid response to visual stimulation,however,its effect on the formation and development of myopia is below understood.Objective This study was to investigate the dynamic expression of Egr-1 gene in retinas of flicker light-induced eyes (FL) and compare the results with form deprived eyes (FD).Methods One hundred and fifty 28-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the normal control group,FD group and FL group.The right eyes of mice were occluded with a semitransparent hemispherical thin plastic shell for 2 weeks in the FD group,and the right eyes of mice were stimulated by 2 Hz flicker light for 2 weeks in the FL group,and then the mice were fed in the normal light environment for 1 week.The refractive state and axial length of the model eyes were measured by murine-specific eccentric infrared photorefraction and A-scan ultrasonography before modeling and 1 hour,I day,1 week,2 weeks after modeling as well as 1 week after termination,respectively.The mice were sacrificed in above-mentioned time points to isolate the retinas.The expressions and location of Egr-1 protein and mRNA in the retinas were detected by Western blot,and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunochemistry.The expressions of Egr-1 markers,neuron and protein kinase C (PKC)-α,in the retinas were assayed by using immunofluorescence.The care and use of the animals followed the administration regulations for experimental animals of Jiangsu Province.Results Two weeks after modeling,the refraction of the FL group was (0.32±0.14) D,which was significantly lower than (-0.66±0.43)D in the FD group (t=6.78,P=0.00).One hour after modeling,The expression levels of Egr-1 mRNA in mouse retinas were 0.626±0.044 and 0.695±0.058 in the FD group and FL group,which were significantly declined in comparison with 1.009±0.089 of the normal group (t=14.81,P=0.01;t=9.15,P=0.03).In 2 weeks after modeling,the expression levels of Egr-1 mRNA were still lower in the FD group and F:L group compared with the normal group (all at P＜0.05).However,the expression levels were significantly elevated in the FD group and FL group compared with the normal group (t=4.13,P=0.01;t=4.26,P=0.01) at 1 week after termination.Western blot showed a dynamic decrease in the expressions of Egr-1 protein with lapse of time in the FD group and FL group with the lowest expressing level in the second week after modeling.In I week after termination of modeling,the expressing level was raised in the FD group or the FL group,but it was still lower than that ir the normal group (t =6.32,P=0.00;t =5.45,P=0.01).Egr-1 protein was mainly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer,inner nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer in the normal mice,and the expression intensity was obviously weaker in the FD mice and FL mice 2 weeks after modeling.Htowever,the expression was enhanced in 1 week after termination of modeling.Neuron and PKC-α were strongly expressed in the RGCs and bipolar cells in the normal mice.Conclusions The eyes show a myopic trend after induce of flicker light in B6 mice.The expression level of Egr-1 gene in the retina down-regulates with the reduce of refraction in FL eyes,and its dynamic expressing change is consistent between the FD eyes and FL eyes.

Objective To study the effects of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) down regulation by small interfering RNA(siRNA) on chemosensitivity and mechanism of human pancreatic cancer cell and its mechanism.Methods Three FoxM1 siRNAs were designed and constructed.All cancer cells were divided into different groups,after transfected with FoxM1 siRNA for different time,the cultured cells were harvested to carry on the next tests.Expression of FoxM1 were determined by red-time PCR and Western blot,and prolifearion and chemosensitivity were evaluated by MTT assay,and the phosphorylation of Akt protein was examined by Western blot.Results FoxM1 siRNA could down-regulate the FoxM1 expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The MTF results showed that the inhibit rates was 17.78％,17.56％,35.39％,52.81％,70.98％ indifferentgroups [Con-A + Gemcitabine,Con-B + Gemcitabine,siRNA (3.125nM) + Gemcitabine,siRNA (6.25nM) + Gemcitabine and siRNA(12.5nM) + Gemcitabine,respectively.The phosphorylation of Akt protein was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions FoxM1 siRNA could sensitize human pancreaticr cancer cells chemotherapy sensitivity,it is the one of the important mechanisms through down-regulate Akt phosphorylated levels,but the molecular mechanism need to be explored further.

A strain no.H5 isolated from Rhizophora stylosa Griff in Zhanjiang had a good antagonistic activity against Aspergillus niger,pathogen of Dracaena Sanderiana black-rot disease.It was identified as Bacillus licheniformis.Dual culture,mycelium growth rate and inhibitory zones were used to test the effect. Strong inhibition was shown against A.niger.Inhibitory ratios of H5 germ-free fermented filtrate on mycelium growth and conidial germination were 91.9%and 100%respectively.In addition,mycelia on the edge of antagonistic band became abnormal and over-branching.Meanwhile,a lot of vesicles appeared on the surface.When treated with heat,acid and alkali,the filtration of H5 was always with stable activity.Precipitate in 55%saturated ammonium sulfate dissolved in phosphate buffer solution maintained most of the activity after high pressure steam sterilization for 25 minutes.It was preliminarily considered as a kind of heat resistant protein.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of the main flavonoid components of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we identified nine flavonoids in S. marianum through TCMSP, PubChem database and corresponding literatures. The potential therapeutic targets of NAFLD were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards and Venny 2.1.0 platform, while the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets was analyzed using String platform and Cytoscape software. Then GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using David 6.8 database, followed by molecular docking verification using AutoDock software. In vitro, components with higher degree value in the "components-targets-pathway" network were chosen for further analysis. L02 cells were used to establish lipid accumulation model and treated with different components. Furthermore, the effects of four pure active compounds from S. marianum on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were analyzed by oil red O staining. The results showed that the main nine flavonoids extracted from S. marianum contained 24 potential NAFLD targets. Several critical pathways closely related to NAFLD process were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, type 2 diabetes pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway and insulin resistance pathway. The results of molecular docking further indicated that the core components displayed strong binding abilities with key targets respectively, and silandrin showed better binding activity as compared to other components. The results obtained from L02 cells showed that the lipid accumulation was reduced by treatment with isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silydianin and silychristin, while the activity of isosilybin B was better than that of isosilybin A. Taken together, we concluded that the main flavone components of S. marianum could improve lipid accumulation through multiple signaling pathway in hepatocytes, and this could be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a serious clinical problem for patients receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential efficacy of pregabalin in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in rats. A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1, naive control; group 2, treated with pregabalin (30 mg/kg p.o., for 8 days); group 3, docetaxel was given by single intravenous infusion at 10 mg/kg; groups 4 and 5, pregabalin at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively was orally administered for 8 days after the docetaxel treatment. On day 8, behavioral test was performed, and substance P and CGRP release in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve were analyzed by electron microscope. Our results showed that docetaxel induced mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, and sciatic nerve impairment and substance P and CGRP release in DRG. However, oral administration of pregabalin (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) for 8 consecutive days significantly attenuated docetaxel-induced neuropathy by ameliorating heat hypoalgesia, cold allodynia, impairment of sciatic nerve and reducing the release of substance P and CGRP. The findings in the present study reveal that pregabalin may be a potential treatment agent against chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.

Objective To investigate the awaken effect of naloxon on dexmedetomidine anesthetized mice and its mechanism. Methods Thirty Kunming mice of clean grade were randomly divided into 3 groups which included NAL group (Naloxon group), ATI group(Atipamezole group)and NS group (Normal Saline group). All groups were given dexme?detomidine 1 mg·kg-1 intraperitoneally. Naloxon 2 mg·kg-1, atipamezole 2 mg·kg-1 and normal saline 10 mL·kg-1 were ran?domly given intraperitoneally to the NAL, ATI and NS group respectively 90 minutes after dexmedetomidine administration. At timepoints prior to dexmedetomidine administration and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 95, 105, 120, 180 minutes after it, the sedative and analgesic effects besides recovery time (based on restore of righting reflex loss) were assessed. Results Sedation and analgesia effects became apparent within 5 minutes, and peaked at approximately 60 minutes then spontaneously recovered at 180 minutes after injection of dexmedetomidine. The sedative and analgesic effects were reduced in both ATI and NAL groups. Compared with ATI group, the sedation scores were higher at 95, 105 and 120 minutes after dexmedetomidine admin?istration than those in NAL group (P<0.05) but the scores were not statistically significant at 180 minutes between these two groups. Compared with NS group, the sedation scores were lower at time points of 95, 105, 120 and 180 minutes than those in NAL group (P>0.05). The analgesic scores were not statistically significant at time points of 95, 105, 120 and 180 min?utes between NAL group and ATI group, but they were lower in NAL group compared with NS group at timepoints of 95, 105 and 120 minutes (P>0.05). The recovery time in ATI and NAL group were shorter than that in NS group (F=1 793.368, P<0.05), but it showed no statistical difference between ATI group and NAL group (P>0.05). Conclusion Naloxone had a certain awaken effect on dexmedetomidine anesthetized mice.