Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To evaluate the value of plasma soluble urokinase?type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)and D?dimer for assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods A serial of 112 patients with traumatic brain injury admired to our hospital were divided into mild TBI (GCS score 13~15),moderate TBI(GCS score 9~12)and severe TBI(GCS score 3~8). The levels of plasma suPAR and D?dimer were monitored within 24 h after patient admission. Results The levels of suPAR and D?di?mer in TBI group were obviously higher than those in the control group(15.86±7.33 vs 2.79 ± 0.69,P<0.01;3.50 ± 2.78 vs 24 ± 0.15,P<0.01). The levels of suPAR and D?dimer in the severe TBI group were also obviously high?er than those in the moderate TBI group(P<0.05). Plasma suPAR levels and GCS score had significant negative correlation(r =- 0.854,P < 0.01). D?dimer levels and GCS score showed a negative correlation(r =- 0.738, P < 0.01). Plasma suPAR and D ? dimer was positively correlated(r = 0.753,P < 0.01). The area under the curve of D?dimer(AUC)was larger,0.854,95%CI 0.763~0.945;the AUC of suPAR was 0.801,95%CI 0.698~0.903. Conclusion Higher levels of suPAR and D?dimer in TBI patients is not only relevant to the injury sever?ity ,but also closely to the prognosis.

Objective To explore the distribution of alkane, alcohol and ketone in indoor air of some apartments in Hangzhou. Methods 55 air samples were randomly collected from 31 apartments in Hangzhou by Carbotrap 300 air-sampling tube, during October-December, 2002, and April-May, 2003, then the volatile organic compounds in air samples were determined by heat-desorption GC-MS. Results 41 kinds of alkane, 11 kinds of alcohol and 9 kinds of ketone were found in air samples collected from 31 apartments in Hangzhou, average concentration of total alkane was 24.096 7 ?g/m3, average concentration of total alcohol was 3.670 7 ?g/m3, and average concentration of total ketone was 33.492 4 ?g/m3 respectively. The dominant indoor air pollutants were hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dimethylbutane, methylhexane, n-butanol, cyclohexanone, propanone, 2-butanone. The concentrations of alkane, alcohol and ketone in indoor air of apartments decreased with the time went on after the house decoration finished on the whole. 10 of 14 alkanes showed positive correlation to the temperature, 6 of them to the relative humidity at the sampling points. 2 of 11 alcohols and 3 of 9 ketones showed positive correlation to the relative humidity at sampling points. Conclusion The increasing temperature is the important factor for the release of alkanes in indoor air. The increasing relative humidity is the influence factor for the release of alcohols, ketones, and some alkanes in indoor air.

Objective To observe the improvement of postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery with lung protective ventilation strategies and alveolar recruitment maneuvers. Methods Seventy patients who underwent selective open abdominal surgery were selected, and they were divided into standard ventilation group (tidal volume 8 ml/kg) and protective ventilation group (tidal volume 6 ml/kg, 5 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure, and alveolar recruitment maneuvers, 1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) according to the random digits table method with 35 cases each. The airway pressure, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and adverse reactions were observed. The SpO2, partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) and pulmonary function before surgery and 1, 3, 5 d after surgery were measured. Results The respiratory rate, airway pressure and PETCO2 levels in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group: (12.3 ± 2.1) times/min vs. (10.2 ± 1.0) times/min, (15.1 ± 2.8) cmH2O vs. (13.5 ± 2.3) cmH2O, (34.6 ± 2.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (32.1 ± 1.4) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The SpO2 in 2 groups was maintained at 0.99. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). The SpO2 and PaO2 levels at 1, 3 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group:0.951 ± 0.018 vs. 0.936 ± 0.016 and 0.964 ± 0.018 vs. 0.949 ± 0.018, (74.8 ± 6.8) mmHg vs. (65.0 ± 6.2) mmHg and (79.6 ± 6.0) mmHg vs. (70.6 ± 5.3) mmHg, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), percentage of the estimated value of FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and percentage of the estimated value of FVC at 1, 3 and 5 d after surgery in protective ventilation group were significantly higher than those in standard ventilation group, the FEV1/FVC at 1 d after surgery was significantly higher than that in standard ventilation group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions The lung protective ventilation strategy and alveolar recruitment maneuvers can improve the postoperative pulmonary function and oxygen partial pressure during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery. Low vital volume, appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment maneuvers can protect the lung in general anesthesia patients.

Objective To explore the effects of simvastatin on the protein expressions of urokinase-typeplasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into saline group , LPS group and LPS plus simvastatin group , and were then pretreated with simvastatin (1 mg/kg) for 30 minutes before addition of LPS (8 mg/kg). Changes in left ventricular pressure were recorded. Ninety minutes after LPS injection, whole blood was collected from the inferior vena cava, and neutrophils were separated. The neutrophils were then lysed to detect levels of uPA and PAI-1. Results Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP: mmHg), maximal differential of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax:mmHg/s), and heart rate (beats/min) were markedly decreased at different time points after administration of LPS, and maximal differential of left ventricular pressure increased in the rats receiving LPS as compared with those receiving saline, although the differences between the control and LPS groups were not statistically significant. LPS caused a great decline in uPA content and an elevation in PAI-1 content in neutrophils, but simvastatin diminished the impact of LPS on neutrophils. Conclusion Simvastatin plays a role in protection of cardiac function in rats with LPS-induced septic shock , and controls expressions of uPA and PAI-1 in neutrophils.

Objective To explore the value of bedside ultrasound used by ICU doctor in the rapid diagnosis of traumatic abdominal,and to evaluate the advantage of bedside ultrasound in the treatment decision.Methods 60 patients with traumatic abdominal blood in our hospital admitted to the ICU were selected.All patients were checked through bedside ultrasonography by physicians with professional training of ICU,bedside ultrasound and abdominal CT and abdominal flat piece of traumatic hematocelia,and compared the diagnosis of the time of the bedside ultrasound,abdominal CT and abdominal X -ray and ultrasound physician ultrasound examination.Results The difference of abdominal blood detection rate between bedside ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomo-graphy (CT)had no statistical significance (P >0.05);bedside ultrasonography of abdominal blood detection rate was higher than plain film of the abdomen,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =73.346,P <0.01);bed-side ultrasound received a preliminary diagnosis of time -consuming (4.37 ±2.1)min was significantly lower than that of the examination of ultrasound physicians (13.86 ±5.6)min,abdominal CT (22.13 ±6.9)min and abdominal plain film (28.19 ±7.32)min,the differences were statistically significant (t =3.947,14.607,21.139,26.338,all P <0.01 ).Conclusion By the professional training of ICU physicians for bedside ultrasound traumatic blood abdominal patients can make a more accurate diagnosis,time -shorten,more accord with the requirement of treating critically ill patients in ICU,which has important clinical value for trauma abdominal blood in early rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Aim To investigate the effects of emodin on the contraction of gallbladder smooth muscle(GBSM)and the L-type calcium current in GBSM cells.Methods Gallbladder muscle strips were obtained from adult guinea pigs and the resting tension was recorded.Gallbladder smooth muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion,and calcium current was recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp method.Results Emodin-induced contraction of GBSM was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with nifedipine.Emodin increased the L-type calcium current in a dose-dependent manner.When 10 ?mol?L-1 emodin was applied to GBSM cells,the amplitude of L-type calcium current at +10 mV was enhanced by(45.2?2.26)%.In the presence of PKC inhibitor,staurosporine,emodin did not significantly affect the calcium current.Conclusion Emodin enhances L-type calcium current via PKC-dependent pathway and promotes gallbladder contraction.

Objective To examine whether the increase of carbon monoxide (CO) induced by oral methylene chloride (MC) administration in recipients before heart transplantation would protect heart grafts against isehemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with transplantation and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods Inbred male Balb/c mice were used as donors and recipients to establish cervical heart transplantation model Recipients were treated with either MC (100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg,per os)(group MC 100 mg,n=10;group MC 500 mg,n=12) or olive oil(0.15 ml,per os.group olive,n=10) 3 h prior to anesthesia.Age-matched norwlal mice served as controls (group N,n=5).The serum COHb and the CO content of myocardial tissue were measured at 0,1,3,6,12,24 h after oral MC administration.Half of recipients were killed at 3 and 24h after transplantation for senum or cardiac graft samples.The serum cTnI levels,the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-10,Bcl-2,Bax.the protein levels of NF-κB and the ultrastructures of myocardium were examined.Results As tompared with group olive.the serum COHb and tissue CO were increased significantly and peaked within 3 h in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg.The serum cTnI levels in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg were significantly decreased (P<0. 01 ), especially in group MC 500 mg. The increase of CO in recipients of group MC100 mg and group MC 500 mg significantly inhibited the proinflammatory gene expression of TNF-α mRNA and the pro-apoptotic gene expression of Bax mRNA (P<0. 01), and increased the anti-apoptotic gene expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (P<0. 01), but did not increase the anti-inflammatory gene expression of IL-10 mRNA (P>0. 05) in the heart grafts. As compared with group N, the myocardial NF-κB activation was increased significantly in group olive,group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg (P<0. 01 ), but there was no significant difference among the later three groups (P>0. 05). The myocardial ultrastructure was also alleviated significantly in group MC 100 mg and group MC 500 mg as compared with group N. Conclusion The increase of CO induced by MC in recipients suppresses pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic gene expression and efficiently ameliorates transplant-induced heart I/R injury. The possible mechanism does not seem to be associated with down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) on contractile and diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),GSH group,bile duct ligation group (group BDL),and GSH + bile duct ligation group (group GSH + BDL).In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.The common bile duct was ligated in the animals on 1 d after the end of intragastric administration in GSH and GSH + BDL groups.In GSH and GSH + BDL groups,after the model was established,GSH 300 mg/kg was infused via stomach everyday for 7 consecutive days,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.On 7th day after the model was extablished,blood samples were collected for determination of the levels of serum total bilirubin (TB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT),malondialdehyde (MDA),nitric oxide (NO) and GSH.The thoracic aortic rings were obtained and perfused with different concentrations of norepinephrine (NE),acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP).The maximum contraction and dilatation of aortic rings were recorded and the percentage was calculated.Some thoracic aortic rings were obtained again and perfused with different concentrations of NE after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME (nitricoxide synthase inhibitor).The maximum contraction of aortic rings was recorded and the percentage was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT,NO and GSH were significantly increased in group BDL,and the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,MDA,GSH and NO were increased in group BDL + GSH,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was decreased,and the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach and SNP were decreased in groups BDL and BDL + GSH,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group GSH.Compared with group BDL,the serum levels of TB,ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β,MDA,3-NT and NO were significantly decreased,the level of GSH was increased,the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings in response to NE was increased,the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to Ach was increased,and no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum dilatation amplitude of aortic rings in response to SNP in group BDL + GSH.Compared with the aortic rings from which the endothelium was removed or which were perfused with L-NAME in group BDL,no significant change was found in the percentage of the maximum contraction amplitude of aortic rings after removal of the endothelium or after being perfused with L-NAME in response to NE in group BDL + GSH.Conclusion GSH can improve the contractile and diastolic functions of thoracic aorta of rats with obstructive jaundice and this effect depends on the vascular endothelium.

Objective To evaluate the effects of modified early goal directed therapy (EGDT )on the prognosis of patients with septic shock .Methods Clinical data of 116 patients with septic shock admitted to ICU during January 2011 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed .Patients were divided into modified early goal‐directed therapy group (n=57) and traditional early goal‐di‐rected therapy group (n=59) according to different methods of treatment ,the patients′28‐day survival rates of these 2 groups were compared .Modified early goal‐directed therapy are divided into survival group (n=46) and non‐survival group (n=11) according to 28‐day prognosis .Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ ) score ,sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) ,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score and other relevant indicators of survival group and non‐survival group were compared .Results The 28‐day survival rate in modified early goal‐directed therapy group had increased approximately 18 .9% higher than that of the traditional early goal‐directed therapy group(P< 0 .05) .The APACH Ⅱ score ,SOFA score and MODS score in non‐survivors were significantly higher than those of survivors in modified EGDT group ,which were[(29 .36 ± 1 .57)d vs .(24 .30 ± 3 .27)d] ,[(13 .45 ± 0 .52)d vs .(12 .78 ± 1 .33)d] ,[(9 .00 ± 0 .00)d vs .(4 .04 ± 1 .94)d]separately .And vaso‐pressors time and mechanical ventilation time was significantly longer in non‐survivors than survivors(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Mod‐ified early goal directed therapy could improve 28‐day survival rate ,and it show s beneficial effects on outcome of critical patients w ith septic shock .