Objective:To investigate efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(D-IBS).Methods:In a self-controlled trial,45 patients with D-IBS symptoms according to the Rome Ⅱ criteria were treated with paroxetine 10mg Qd for 12 weeks.The efficacy measures included D-IBS gastroin- testinal symptoms,abnormal frequency or consistency of defecation,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Hamil- ton Anxiety Scale(HAMA).Results:42 cases completed 12 week therapy.The overall IBS symptoms,the Bristol stool consistency,stool frequency and abdominal pain were relieved significantly at week 2(P

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of mirtazapine in patients with anorexia nervosa.Methods: A randomized,controlled study was undertaken in 42 patients with anorexia nervosa.Subjects were treated with mir- tazapine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRIs)for 12 weeks and followed up to 12 weeks.The clinical out- come measures included body weight,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)and the side effects of medications.Results:38 subjects completed the trial,20 in mirtazapine group,18 in SSRIs group. The weight gain in mirtazapine group was significantly more that that in SSRIs group at week 6 but the difference was not significant at week 12.The scores of HAMD and HAMA at endpoint were significantly lower than those at base- line(P0.05).No severe adverse events were observed in both groups.Common side effects of SSRIs were gastroenterological discomfort,while those of mir- tazapine included somnolence and weight gain.Conclusion:Mirtazapine can improve appetite and weight gain in pa- tients with anorexia nervosa in addition to relieve anxiety and depression.It is well tolerated and has ealier onset of effect than SSRIS.

Objective To assess the disease severity and prognosis value by observing the kinetic change of serum procalcitonin(PCT)and PCT clearance rate(PCTc)in the patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods A single-center prospective observational study was conducted. A total of 128 patients with VAP admitted into intensive care unit(ICU)of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled. The patients were divided into recovery group(n=88)and deterioration group(n=40) according to the therapeutic outcome. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)scores were estimated within 24 hours when VAP was diagnosed. The serum PCT(PCT1,PCT5,PCT7,PCT9)and PCTc(PCTc5, PCTc7,PCTc9)were examined at 1,5,7 and 9 days after the VAP was diagnosed. The diagnostic and predictive performance of PCT,PCTc and APACHEⅡ scores were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results APACHEⅡscores in recovery group were significantly lower than those in the deterioration group (14.49±5.30 vs. 18.90±5.30,t=-4.349,P=0.000). There was no significant difference in PCT level(μg/L)at 1 day after VAP was diagnosed between recovery group and deterioration group〔2.84(0.81,6.43)vs. 3.50(0.97,10.27), Z=-1.431,P=0.152〕. With prolonged treatment,PCT was gradually decreased in recovery group,while remained at higher level in deterioration group,which was significantly lowered at 5 days after VAP diagnosed in recovery group compared with that in the deterioration group〔1.28(0.65,3.13)vs. 2.39(0.78,9.35),Z=-2.012,P=0.044〕. PCTc maintained higher level in recovery group which was gradually increased with the improvement of the disease, and PCTc in deterioration group was lowered which was gradually decreased with the development of the disease. PCTc at 5,7,9 days in recovery group was significantly higher than that in deterioration group〔5 d:50.43(20.39,80.60)%vs. -56.68(-286.28,172.92)%, Z=-2.250, P=0.024;7 d:54.01(5.70,102.30)% vs. -76.91(-335.03, 181.21)%,Z=-2.561,P=0.010;9 d:63.88(25.93,101.80)%vs.-133.49(-547.20,280.16)%,Z=-3.133, P=0.002〕. The area under ROC curve(AUC)of PCT5,PCT7,PCT9 predicting the prognosis was 0.591,0.683, 0.746,respectively〔95% confidence interval(95%CI)was 0.456-0.726(P=0.161),0.557-0.808(P=0.005), 0.631-0.860(P=0.000)〕. When PCT9 was 5.65μg/L,the sensitivity of 95%and the specificity of 61%. The AUC of PCTc5,PCTc7 and PCTc9 was 0.648,0.685,0.729,respectively〔95%CI was 0.513-0.783(P=0.028),0.555-0.815(P=0.006),0.607-0.851(P=0.001)〕. When PCTc9 was 92%,the sensitivity was 98%and the specificity was 71%. The AUC of APACHEⅡscore was 0.693(95%CI 0.578-0.808,P=0.003). When APACHEⅡscore was 19.5,the sensitivity was 77%and the specificity was 58%. Conclusions The increased levels of PCT in patients with VAP were associated with the poor control of infection and may indicate the deterioration of VAP,it also can reflect the activity of lung infection in time. Keep observing the dynamic change of PCT and analyzing PCTc is more useful. The PCTc levels may provide evidence of disease progression and helpful in risk stratification in patients with VAP,and lower level of PCTc may accompany serious infection and predict poor prognosis.

Objective To develop an approach for a rapid extraction of genomic DNA fragments from serum.Methods Serum specimen from human was processed using high temperature denaturation and was centrifuged, then using various primer sets to amplify the DNA fragment extracted, so as to verify the efficiency of this DNA extraction method.Results The templates preparing from this DNA extraction method were able to guarantee the amplification of fragments shorter than 400 base pairs.Conclusion This method is simple, rapid and inexpensive.These genomic DNA fragment extracted can be utilized to amplify definite DNA template for polymerase chain reaction.

Background Essential hypertension (EH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequently co- existed.Previous studies proved that EH can cause arrythmia,whereas,the arrythmia and the structure changed in hypertensive patients coexisted with T2DM are scarely reported.Objective To study the characteristics and mech- anism of arrhythmia in essential hypertension (EH) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods One hundred sixty eight patients were groupped as follows:EH group (n=65),T2DM group (n=31),EH+T2DM group (n=52),and normal group (n=20).The clinical data,echocardiographies and 24-hour dynamic eletroear- diogram were determined in all patients.Results 1)Arrhythmia incidence in EH+T2DM group was a statistically higher compared to EH group and T2DM group(P

Objective To evaluate the role of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels in vascular hyporesponsiveness in rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sham operation group (group S),and bile duct ligation group (group BDL).Obstructive jaundice was produced by common bile duct ligation.At 7 days after surgery,blood samples were collected for determination of the levels of serum total bilirubin (TBL),direct bilirubin (DBL),indirect bilirubin (IBL),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST).Thoracic aortic rings were prepared,and the endothelium was removed.The aortic rings were sequentially perfused with different concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP),and the maximum amplitude of contraction and dilatation of aortic rings was recorded.The aortic rings were then perfused with BKCa channel blocker Chtx with the final concentration of 10 7 mol/L,followed by perfusion with different concentrations of NE and SNP again,and the maximum amplitude of contraction and dilatation of aortic rings was recorded under each concentration.The percentage of maximum contraction and dilatation (maximum amplitude after Chtx administration÷maximum amplitude before Chtx administration× 100％) was calculated.Results Compared with C and S groups,the levels of TBL,DBL,IBL,ALT and AST in serum were significantly increased,the maximum amplitude of NE-induced contraction of aortic rings was decreased,and the percentage of the maximum NE-induced dilatation of aortic rings was increased,the maximum amplitude of SNP-induced contraction of aortic rings was increased,and the percentage of the maximum SNP-induced dilatation of aortic rings was decreased in group BDL.Conclusion Excessivc opening of BKCa channels may be involved in the mechanism of vascular hyporesponsiveness in rats with obstructive jaundice.

Trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (TsNd) gene encoding a 46 kDa protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and the potential of recombinant TsNd protein (rTsNd) as an antigen for the serodiagnosis of trichinellosis was investigated by ELISA and compared with those of ELISA with T. spiralis muscle larval excretory–secretory (ES) antigens. The sensitivity of both ELISA was 100% (30/30), for the detection of anti-Trichinella IgG antibodies in sera of the experimentally infected mice, and the specificity of rTsNd-ELISA and ES-ELISA was 100% (54/54) and 98% (53/54), respectively (P>0.05). Serum anti-Trichinella antibodies were firstly detected by rTsNd-ELISA at 14 days post infection (dpi), then continued to increase with a detection rate of 100% at 36 dpi. The anti-Trichinella antibody levels at different times after infection were statistically different (P<0.05). The results showed that the rTsNd might be a potential candidate antigen for specific serodiagnosis of trichinellosis. But, it needs to be further evaluated with sera of the patients with trichinellosis and other helminthiasis.

Background Vancomycin has been increasingly recommended for the management of endophthalmitis,but few research report has been published about the pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vancomycin up to now.It is necessary to have an exact method to measure the concentration of vancomyein in animal eyes after intravitreal injection.Objective This study was to observe and compare the phamacokinetical process of vancomycin in serum,vitreous and aqueous humor between normal and infected rabbit eyes.Methods Seventy-two healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into normal group and infected group and 36 rabbits for each.The animal models of endophthalmitis were established by intravitreal inoculation of 2000 CFU/ml staphylococcus aureus in the right eyes of rabbits in the infected group.Once endophthalmitis developed,0.1 ml vancomycin ( 10 g/L) solution was injected into the vitreous of every rabbit.The peripheral blood,vitreous and aqueous humor samples were respectively collected in 4 rabbits for each group at 0.5,2,4,6,12,24,48,72 and 84 hours after injection for detection of vancomycin concentration by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC-UV).3p97 software was used to create fit parameters of pharmacokinetics.This experiment followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission (Version 1988).Results The accuracy of HPLC fitted the detecting request of biological specimen.The concentration-time data of vancomycin in normal rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous was subject to two-compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters were separately as following:Cmax was 50.16 mg/L and 751.42 mg/L,t1/2was 51.04 hours and 53.21 hours.The concentration-time data of vancomycin in infected rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous was subject to one-compartment model.The pharmacokinetic parameters were separately as following:Cmaxwas 24.94 mg/L and 687.66 mg/L,t1/2was 11.42 hours and 12.91 hours.The concentration of vancomycin in serum was much lower and almost undectable.The concentration of vancomycin in vitreous was gradually reduced as the prolong of time after injection in both normal group and infected group,but a obvious decline after increased level was scen in aqueous humor.Compared with normal group,the concentrations of vancomycin in both vitreous and aqueous humor were reduced at various time points(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ).Conclusions HPLC is simple,highly sensitive and specific for the pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycon.These results indicate that pharmacokinetic parameters of vancomycin alter in pathological condition,which is helpful for us to establish the better treatment guidelines for endophthalmitis.

BACKGROUND: Heal-all oral biofilm is a material utilized in repairing oral mucosa and soft tissues defects and characterized by degradation, easily preparation, long preserved duration, convenient transportation and good ossification, which has been widely used in dental implant as guided bone regeneration materials.OBJECTIVE: To check the clinical effective of Heal-all oral biofllm on guided bone regeneration in dental implant.METHODS: A total of 72 patients with bone defects in the implantation area were selected as subjects, who were divided into control group and experimental group at random. Bone defects around implants were repaired by guided bone regeneration technique with BME-10X medical collagen membrane and Heal-all oral biofilm respectively. X-ray and clinical examination were taken at 1 and 3 months after implantation. The amount of new.formed bone tissue was evaluated when stage Ⅱ operation was performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In stage Ⅱ operation, osseointegration was formed between implants and bone tissue in all 72 patients. The average rate of bone formation was 92% in the experimental group while 91% in the control group. All implants were successfully repaired with implant denture. Occlusal function was restored successfully with all 72 implants during the follow-up period of 3-24 months after restoration. As an alternative option of BME-10X medical collagen membrane, Heal-all oral biofilm can be used in guided bone formation clinically.

AIM: To establish the method for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in AnshenYangxue Oral Liquid(Ramulus uncariae cum uncis, stephania kwangsiansis,Radix polygoni multiflori praeparata cum succo glycinus sotae,Caulis Polygoni multiflori and Pine needle). METHODS: Tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were determined by HPLC.Chromatographic condition was composed of Kromasil C_18 column,a mixture of methanol and water(55∶45) as mobile phase with 0.01 mol/L triehthylamine,adjusted with acetic acid to pH of 7.5,UV detection wavelength of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was set at 254 nm,UV detection wavelength of tetrahydropalmatine was set at 281 nm. RESULTS: The averagere recoveries of tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 98.47%、99.04%and 98.75% respectively;RSD were 0.95%、2.6%and 1.6%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,sensitive,accurate,and can be used for determining tetrahydropalmatine、rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Anshen Yangxue Oral Liquid.