Gut microbiota is characteristically changed and participates in the pathogenesis and progression of a variety of diseases.Studies have shown that the ecological diversities of gut microbiota of constipated patients are disturbed, and some probiotics are effective for treatment of chronic constipation.This article reviewed the research progress on alterations of gut microbiota in chronic constipation, the mechanism of which affecting gastrointestinal motility, the interaction between microbiota and motility, and the efficacy of probiotics for clarifying the effect of gut microbiota on chronic constipation and guiding the clinical treatment.

Gastrointestinal tract contains the most complicated microbial ecosystem of the human body,and balance of microbial ecosystem has been proved to play an important role in human health.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is closely related to the esophageal,gastric and intestinal microecology.It has been revealed that alterations in gut microbial ecosystem may induce mucosal inflammation,relax lower esophageal sphincter (LES),increase intragastric pressure and delay gastric emptying via various pathways and subsequently cause or exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux.In this article,the advances in study on gut microbial ecosystem and GERD were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the pollution of phthalate ester in indoor environment. Methods Settled dust samples from 10 households, 10 offices and 10 student dormitories in Beijing were collected. Seven kinds of phthalate esters in these samples were determined with solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) .Dates were analyzed statistically by nonparametric tests. Results The main phthalate esters in dust were di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP). Of phthalate esters, DEHP with the range of 28-6 073 mg/kg had the highest concentration in indoor dust. The total level of phthalate esters in households was the highest, offices followed, student dormitories was the last. The Kurskal-Wallis H test showed that the concentrations of BBP, DEHP and DCHP in dust were significantly different in 3 types of rooms (P

Objective To investigate the complications of different enteral nutrition in patients after surgery for massive cerebellar infarction,so as to guide rational application of enteral nutrition in patients.Methods Forty-nine patients with massive cerebellar infarction were divided into three groups randomly:conventional nasogastric tube feeding group (group A,n =12),nasogastric tube feeding plus gastric motor drug group (group B,n =18),and nasojejunal tube feeding group (group C,n =19).The incidences of diarrhea,reflux,aspiration,upper gastrointestinal bleeding and aspiration pneumonia within 3 weeks after initiation of enteral nutrition were observed and compared among the groups.Results The incidence of diarrhea showed no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups (x2 =0.092,P =0.955).Compared with group A,the incidences of reflux,aspiration and aspirafion pneumonia were significantly lower in group B and group C (P ＜ 0.05),and lower in group C compared with group B (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in group C than in group A and group B (x22 =4.748,P2 =0.029;x23 =4.284,P3 =0.038),but the difference between group A and group B was not significant (x21 =0.000,P1 =1.000).Conclusions Because of the unique pathophysiological features in patients after surgery for massive cerebellar infarction,early enteral nutrition by conventional nasogastric tube feeding may be inappropriate.Nasogastric tube feeding plus gastric motor drug may be applied in mild case with short course of disease.Nasojejunal tube feeding may be the approach of choice for enteral nutrition in critical patients with massive cerebellar infarction for its association with lower incidence of complications.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of transurethral bipolar plasmakinefic resection in treating urethral stricture. Methods Totally 46 patients with urethral stricture were treated with transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection, and they were followed up for 3～12 months to observe the clinical effects. Results The segments of urethral scar were accurately incised and resected in all the 46 cases,24～26F bougies could pass through the urethra smoothly, and miction should be kept unobstructed. Totally 41 cases were followed up postoperatively, the maximal flow rate(Qmax) was ( 18.6±4.1 ) ml/s, which was obviously ameliorated as compared with that before operation(t=14.25, P＜0.05);sexual function had no obvious changes before and after operation;no serious complications of urethral massive bleeding, urinary incontinence, fistula of urethral diverticulum,urethral perforation, rectal injury, etc. was observed. Conclusion Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic resection is an effective method for treating urethral stricture, because it has fewer complications, faster postoperative recovery and lower recurrence.

Blood Donors ; Child ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

Acupuncture Therapy ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paralysis ; therapy

Acupuncture Therapy ; Dystonic Disorders ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To sum up the measures for nursing the patients with laparoscopic gastrectomy-induced anastomotic leakage treated by open center vacuum aspiration. Method We retrospectively reviewed the histories of 22 patients with laparoscopic gastrectomy-induced anastomotic leakage to look into the nursing measures to look into the management of open vacuum aspiration , observation of the drainage, leakage care, mental care. Results The time for open center vacuum aspiration was between 10 to 17 days, averaged (15.63 ± 3.22)d. The hospital stay was between 13 to 23 days, averaged (17.21 ± 5.47)d. No complications were observed. Conclusions The nursing measures for managing the anastomotic leakage can be effective in improving the effect of peritoneal irrigation. The mental care can be effective for the reduction of patients′pains so as to promote the heal of the leakages.

Objective To explore the reversion effect of Gemcitabine-resistance A549 cell (A549/Gem) by silencing CXCR4.Methods A549 cell was induced by continuous stepwise exposure to Gemcitabine in order to obtain Gemcitabine-resistance A549 cell ( A549/Gem) in vitro.The CXCR4 expressions level of A549 and A549/Gem were detected by Quantitative RT-PCR ( RT-qPCR) and Western blot analyses.The CXCR4 shRNA vector was transfected into the A549/Gem cell by targeting silence CXCR4.Furthermore, MTT assay was used to explore the IC50 and RI in A549, A549/Gem and A549/Gem-CXCR4 cells.Moreover, Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expressions of phospho-JNK, phospho-p38 and phospho-ERK 1/2 in A549, A549/Gem and A549/Gem-CXCR4 cells.Results Gemcitabine-resistance A549 cell ( A549/Gem) was successful constructed by using continuous stepwise exposure to Gemcitabine in vitro.The expression level of CXCR4 was up-regulated in A549/Gem cell than in A549 cell.The CXCR4 shRNA vector could significantly decrease CXCR4 expression in A549/Gem cell.The IC50 values of Gemcitabine in A549, A549/Gem and A549/Gem-CXCR4 cell were (0.08 ±0.01)μmol/L, (14.01 ±0.21)μmol/L and (1.84 ±0.61)μmol/L, respectively.The RI value of Gemcitabine was (127.12 ±12.28) in A549/Gem cells, while the value of RI was (27.3 ±0.98) in A549/Gem-CXCR4 cells.The expression level of phospho-JNK, phospho-p38 and phospho-ERK 1/2 were also markedly inhibited in A549/Gem-CXCR4 cell than in A549/Gem cell.Conclusion CXCR4 is up-regulated in A549/Gem cell.Targeting silence CXCR4 can successfully reverse drug-resistance of Gemcitabine in A549/Gem cells, which hints CXCR4 is associated with lung cancer radiation therapy as an effective molecular target.