Objective To investigate the effects and the mechanism of telmisartan and pyridoxamine on oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods SHRs(male,20 weeks of age) were randomly divided into four groups (n＝ 12 for each):hypertension control (HC) group (2 ml of distilled water),telmisartan group[T,6 mg/(kg · d)],pyridoxamine group[P,200 mg/(kg · d)]and combined group(TP,6 mg/kg telmisartan and 200 mg/kg pyridoxamine per day).Treatments were continued for 16 weeks.The normal control group included 13 WKY rats and received gastric lavage with distilled water.SBP of tail artery was measured during the intervention ervey 2 weeks.The levels of AGEs,SOD and MDA were measured by ELISA,xanthine oxidase and thiobarbituric acid methods after the intervention.Expressiones of NF-κBp65,ERK1 and ERK2 in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.Expression of RAGE in the renal cortex was investigated by Western blot.Results SOD activity was decreased in the HC group.The levels of AGEs,MDA,RAGE and the activations of NF-κBp65 and ERK1/2 were increased in the HC group (t＝4.53,5.52,2.93,al1 P＜0.05).After the 16 weeks' intervention,SOD activity was elevated in T,P and TP groups compared to that in HC group (P＜0.05).The positive expressiones of NF-κBp65,ERK1 and ERK2 were significantly reduced in T,P and TP groups compared to those in HC group (F＝20.13、148.82、18.70,all P＜0.05).All the positive expressiones of NF-κBp65,ERK 1and ERK2 were lowest in the TP group versus T and P groups (t ＝ 3.58、2.84,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Telmisartan and pyridoxamine can alleviate the oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats,which may result from the blocking effect of Ang Ⅱ,the reduction of AGEs-RAGE and inhibiting the signal pathways of ROS,NF-κBp65 and ROS-ERK1/2.

Objective:To explore influence of monotherapy or combined use of telmisartan and pyridoxamine on aor-tic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)and its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 48 male SHE were randomly and equally divided into hypertension control group,telmisartan group,group,and telmisartan+ group (combined treatment group). Kyoto Wistar rats of the same age and gender were regarded as normal blood pressure control group (normal control group). Thoracic aortic section were examined by related staining af-ter 16 weeks intervention to calculate the ratio of aortic wall thickness to radius of lumen (Tw/Rl),the ratio of wall area to lumen area (W/L),and the area ratio of media elastic fiber/collagen fiber. Concentrations of related en-zymes and receptor etc. of abdominal aortic were measured.Results:Compared with hypertension control group, there was significant rise in ratio of media elastic fiber/collagen fiber area and significant reduction in media collagen fiber/media area ratio in telmisartan group,pyridoxamine monotherapy group and combined treatment group,and there were significant decrease in Tw/Rl [(0.17±0.02)vs. (0.12±0.01)]and W/L [(0.29±0.03)vs. (0.22± 0.02)]ratios in combined treatment group,P <0.05 or <0.01;immunohistochemistry indicated that there were significant reductions in thoracic aortic receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) [(0.24±0.03)vs.(0.17±0.03)]and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2 )expression [(0.63 ± 0.06)vs. (0.37± 0.04)]in combined treatment group,P <0.05,<0.01. Fluorescence quantitative PCR indicated that medication can significantly reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)oxidase subunit p47phox mRNA ex-pression (P <0.01 all),especially in combined treatment group (P =0.001).Conclusion:Combined use of telmis-artan and pyridoxamine is superior to the single use of either drug on improving thoracic aortic remodeling in SHR, the mechanism may be related to it reduces local expression of RAGE and p-ERK1/2 ,and inhibits oxidase subunit p47 of NADPH.

Objective To observe the effects of bolus volume on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter pressures and durations in healthy volunteers by using high-resolution manometry (HRM).Methods Twentyfour health subjects were recruited and asked to swallow three volumes of bolus (3 ml,5 ml and 10 ml) in the neutral head position.Pressure and duration measurements were acquired by utilizing a high-resolution solid-state manometer,with an emphasis on the hypopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).Variables including UES residual pressure,UES relaxation duration,maximum hypopharygeal pressure and hypopharyngeal pressure duration were analyzed across bolus volumes and consistencies by using three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate influence of bolus volume.Results UES residual pressure [-1.71 mmHg(3 ml thick liquid)vs.-4.68 mmHg(10 ml thick liquid)],UES relaxation duration[590.45 ms(3 ml thick liquid) vs.702.49 ms (10 ml thick liquid)],maximum hypopharygeal pressure [169.91 mmHg (3 ml thick liquid) vs.204.42 mmHg (10 ml thick liquid)] and hypopharyngeal pressure duration(P ＜0.05) varied significantly across bolus volumes when swallowing water or thick liquid.The UES relaxation duration,UES residual pressure and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure had a direct positive relationship with bolus volume.There was significant differences with regard to UES relaxation duration [685.75 ms(3 ml paste)vs.772.27 ms (10 ml paste)] but not to UES residual pressure (P ＞ 0.05) and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure (P ＞ 0.05) across bolus volume when swallowing paste.Conclusions Difference in hypopharyngeal pressure and duration,UES residual pressure and duration were detected across varying bolus volumes.Consideration of these variables is paramount in understanding normal and pathological swallowing.

Objective To study the effects of cripto on migration, invasion, and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cell. Methods After human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was transfected by cripto small interfering RNA (siRNA), the mRNA and protein level were determined by Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The migration and invasion ability were evaluated by wound-healing assay and boyden chamber model, respectively. Thirty nude mice model of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer was established by splenectomy. Results The siRNA could down-regulate the level of mRNA and protein of cripto in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Suppression of cripto expression could inhibit migration and invasion ability of human colorectal cancer cell in vitro. The metastastic rate and tumor nodules were lower in transfection with cripto siRNA than in two control groups in vivo. Conclusions Cripto gene might play an important role in regulation of liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma cell, and suppression of cripto gene by siRNA can inhibit liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of evoked potentials (EP) in diagnoses of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) for liver cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). Methods A blind and self control study was conducted in 114 liver cirrhotic patients without OHE. All patients were tested for MHE by the number connection test-A(NCT-A), digit symbol test (DST), visual evoked potentials (VEP), brain-stem auditoru evoked potentials (BAEP), short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), P300 auditory event-related potentials (P300ERP). MHE was identified when the NCT-A or/and DST was abnormal. The positive rate was compared among VEP, BAEP, SSEP and P300ERP for their reliability and validity in diagnosis of MHE. Results Of 114 patients, 60 patients were found with MHE (52. 6%), which was positively correlated with Child-Pugh classifications (r=0. 278, P = 0. 003). The positive rate was found 17.5% in VEP, 29.8% in BAEP, 38. 6% in SSEP and 57. 0% in P300ERP. There was no significant difference in diagnosis of MHE between P300ERP and NCT-A+DST (X2 =0. 432,P = 0. 511). The sensitivity of VEP, BAEP, SSEP or P300ERP for diagnosis of MHE was 13. 3%, 41. 7%, 46. 7% or 73. 3%, respectively, whereas the specificity was 77. 8%, 83. 3%, 70. 4% or 61. 1 %, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the best sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MHE was P300EERP (area under the curve was 0. 672, 95%CI 0. 572 * 0. 773). The agreement of NCT-A+DST with VEP, BAEP, SSEP or P300ERP was 43. 9%, 61. 4%, 57. 9% or 67. 5%. Conclusions P300ERP is a sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of MHE. which can serve as a supplement but not instead of NCT-A+DST.

? AIM: To investigate the differences between synoptophore and triple prism strabismometry and its possible cause.?METHODS: There were 347 patients with horizontal concomitant strabismus involved, in which 76 patients were esotropia, 37 patients were male while 39 were female, with average age of 13. 27 ± 7. 77 years old. There were 271 patients with exotropia, 131 cases were male while 140 were female, with average age of 15. 43 ± 8. 42 years old. All the patients were examined by synoptophore and prism plus shaded strabismometry in a long distance of 6m. Datas were analyzed by SPSS 17. 0.?RESULTS:In the exotropia patients, the conversions of circular degree(°) and prism degree(△) were:1°=0. 29△ ~1. 78△, which was statistically significant with intermittent strabismus (P=0. 001). While in the esotropia patients, the conversions were:1°=2. 01△ ~2. 15△.?CONCLUSION: The diversity between the two methods is enlarged with the increase of squint angle for exotropia patients. While in esotropia patients, the diversity decreased with the increase of squint angle. Synoptophore equipped with +7. 00D, defects of the triple prism itself and proximal convergence during exam may be the reasons for the diversity.

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of astragaloside IV, calycosin separately glucoside, formononetin on oxidative stress in Chang Liver cells induced by H2O2. In the experiments, Chang Liver cells (a kind of normal human hepatocytes) were used as the research object, bifendate which has a clear hepatoprotective effect was used as the positive control drug, then the oxidative damage model of Chang Liver cells were established by H2O2. Cells were divided into six groups: blank control group, oxidative stress group, astragaloside IV group, calycosin separately glucoside group, formononetin group and positive control group. Then endogenous antioxidant system related indexes were detected by micro plate and colorimetric method; intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe; and the expressions of CYP2E1 were evaluated by liver microsomes, mRNA, and protein, respectively with spectrophotometry, Real-time PCR method, and Western blot technique. Results showed that H2O2 decreased antioxidant activity, and increased ROS level and expression of CYP2E1. The above oxidative stress status had been changed with protections of the three components of Astragalus membranaceus (compared with oxidative stress group, P < 0.05, P < 0.01), which taken as a whole had equivalent effects as the drug of positive control group( bifendate). Taken together, three Astragalus membranaceus ingredients all had significant or extremely significant inhibiting effects on oxidative damaged Chang Liver cells which were induced by H2O2, and the oxidative damage of Chang Liver cells had been relieved.
Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Liver ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology

Objective: To learn the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 for the prevention and control. Methods: The surveillance data was extracted from National Public Health Emergency Management Information System. Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze main diseases as well as distribution characteristics of time and places. Results: A total of 445 events were reported, which caused 14362 cases and 34 deaths, with a attack rate of 0.69% and mortality rate of 0.24%. There were 298 events with less than 30 cases, accounting for 66.97%. The event classification was dominated by general events ( 242 events, 54.38% ) and ungraded events ( 201 events, 45.17% ). The main diseases were chickenpox ( 134 events, 30.11% ), hand foot mouth disease ( 59 events, 13.26% ) and other infectious diarrhea ( 51 events, 11.46% ). The incidence peaked from April to June ( 129 events, 28.99% ) and from November to December ( 131 events, 29.44% ). Ningbo ranked the top in the number of reported events ( 141 events, 31.69% ). Most events ( 322 events, 72.36% ) occurred in schools. Conclusions The infectious disease related public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2018 were mainly caused by chickenpox, hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea. The two peaks of the emergencies occurred from April to June and from November to December. Ningbo was the main area reporting infectious diseases, and schools were the main places.

Objective: To observe the effect of pyridoxamine and telmisartan on the indexes of myocardial remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: A total of 48 male SHR at 22 weeks of age were randomly divided into 4 groups:①Hypertension (H) control group, the rats received distilled water 2 ml/d,②telmisartan (T) group, the rats received telmisartan 6 mg/(kg.d),③pyridoxamine (P) group, the rats received pyridoxamine 200 mg/(kg.d),④Combination (TP) group, the rats received both telmisartan and pyridoxamine. All animals were treated for 16 weeks and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before and after treatment. After treatment, the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were examined by chemiluminescent method, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was detected by ELISA, left ventricular weight index and collagen volume fraction (CVF) in myocardial tissue were calculated, the mRNA expression of myocardial receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Results: Compared with H group, SBP levels were decreased in T and TP groups,P<0.01, while SBP in P group stayed similar,P>0.05. Compared with H group, the serum levels of NO and SOD were increased in T, P and TP groups,P<0.01; while compared with T group and P group, the levels of NO and SOD were further increased in TP group,P<0.05. Compared with H group, left ventricular weight index and CVF were decreased in T, P and TP groups,P<0.01; while compared with T group and P group, left ventricular weight index and CVF were further decreased in TP group,P<0.05. Pyridoxamine and telmisartan had the coordinative effect on left ventricular weight index and CVF, P<0.05. The serum levels of AGEs were lower in T group (5.99 ± 0.51) mg/L, P group (5.57 ± 0.91) mg/L and TP group (5.24 ± 0.63) mg/L than that in H group, (6.71 ± 0.50) mg/L,P<0.01; while compared with T group and P group, AGEs was further decreased in TP group,P<0.05. The mRNA expressions of RAGE were reduced in T group (0.035 ± 0.010), P group (0.036 ± 0.005) and TP group (0.024 ± 0.007) than that in H group (0.053 ± 0.010),P <0.01; while compared with T group and P group, the mRNA of RAGE was further reduced in TP group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Pyridoxamine could improve the oxidative stress and the indexes of myocardial remodeling independently from decreasing blood pressure in SHR. Combined intervention of P and T may break the coordination systems between AGEs-RAGE and renin-angiotensin, therefore further improve the indexes of myocardial remodeling in SHR.

Objective To evaluate clinical performance on dry chemistry method of Vitros 350 for the determination of serum bilirubin in order to ensure the quality of examination.Methods Evaluation protocols were employed to evaluate the precision,the trueness and the linearity of total bilirubin(TBIL),unconjugated bilirubin (Bu)and conjugated bilirubin (Bc)by dry chemistry method,to verify the reference ranges of TBIL,Bu and Bc simultaneously.Results The precision and trueness of TBIL,Bu and Bc were within the allowable ranges of Clinical and Laboratory Ltandards Institute (CLSI).The linear range of TBIL,Bu and Bc in our laboratory were 6.57-428.83 μmol/L,4.5-320.1 μmol/L and 4.5-364.9 μmol/L respectively.Conclusion Both technical per-formance evaluation and diagnostic performance verification of bilirubin by dry chemical detection system could meet the needs of the clinic.