Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on liver injury in the rats with ob?structive jaundice. Methods Forty?five healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, aged 8-9 weeks, were divided into 3 groups ( n=15 each) using a random number table: sham operation group ( S group) , obstructive jaundice group ( OJ group) and dexmedetomidine group ( D group) . Obstructive jaun?dice was induced in rats by division and double ligation of the common bile duct in OJ and D groups. Dexmedetomidine 100 μg∕kg was injected intraperitoneally at 72 h after establishment of the model in group D. At 3, 5 and 24 h after administration, blood samples were collected from hearts for determination of the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and C?reactive protein (CRP) levels. After blood sampling at each time point, the specimens from the external right lobe of the liver were obtained for detection of the expres?sion of Toll?like receptor 4 ( TLR4) mRNA ( by real?time polymerase chain reaction) and TLR4 content ( by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay) in liver tissues and for pathological examination of liver tissues ( with light microscope) . Results Compared with group S, the plasma ALT and CRP levels were significantly increased at each time point after administration, and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in liver tissues was significantly up?regulated, and TLR4 content in liver tissues was significantly increased in OJ and D groups ( P<0?05) . Compared with group OJ, the plasma ALT and CRP levels were significantly decreased at each time point after administration, and the expression of TLR4 mRNA in liver tissues was significantly down?regulated, and TLR4 content in liver tissues was significantly decreased in group D ( P<0?05) . The degree of damage to liver tissues was significantly attenuated in group D compared with group OJ, and was aggrava?ted in group D compared with group S. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce liver injury in the rats with obstructive jaundice.

Objective:To investigate the quantitative expression of Melanoma-associated antigen MAGE-E1 mRNA in glioma, and explore its potential for immunotherapy in glioma.Methods:To establish a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR) method to quantitatively determine MAGE-E1 mRNA in glioma.A total of 47 human glioma and 14 normal brain tissue specimens were analyzed.MAGE-E1 mRNA was normalized to HPRT1, a housekeeping gene.MAGE-E1/HPRT1 was used to evaluate the expression level of MAGE-E1 mRNA.Results:High-level expression of MAGE-E1 was observed in 7.1%of normal brain and 66.0%glioma tissues,which shown significant difference with P<0.05.There was irrelevant between the expression of MAGE-E1 mRNA and clinicopathogical parameters ,such as gender ,age,histological subtype and grade.Conclusion:With higher expression of MAGE-E1 in glioma tissues,it might be a potential target for immunotherapy of glioma.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of phosphatidylcholine in eustachian tube lavage fluid of patients with secretory otitis media. METHODS:HPLC was used. The samples were pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction. It was performed on the column of Hypersil CN with mobile phase of acetoneitril-methanol-phosphoric acid (100∶10∶0.6,V/V/V)at the flow rate of 1.8 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 205 nm,temperature was 30 ℃ and volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The lin-ear range of phosphatidylcholine was 11.99-119.9 μg/ml(r=0.999 6);RSDs of precision tests of intra-day and inter-day were no more than 15%;average recovery was 97.54%(RSD=9.36%,n=9);the average content of phosphatidylcholine in eustachian tube lavage fluid of patients was(24.43±3.61)μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the content determination of phosphatidylcholine in eustachian tube lavage fluid of patients with secretory otitis media.

Objective To study the synergistic antitumor effects of quercetin and cisplatin in human prostate cancer PC3 cells and LNCaP cells.Methods Twelve h after PC3 cells or LNCaP cells were seeded,different dose of quercetin (10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L,40 μmol/L,80 μmol/L,160 μmol/L) or cisplatin (0.01 μmol/L,0.05 μmol/L,0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L),or quercetin (20 μmol/L) + cisplatin (0.01 μmol/L,0.05 μmol/L,0.1 μmol/L,1 μmol/L,10 μmol/L) were added for48 h and then the antiproliferative effects were detected with MTT assay.After incubated with quercetin (20 μmol/L) or cisplatin (0.05 μ mol/L),or quercetin (20 μ mol/L) + cisplatin (0.05 μmol/L) for48 h,cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of PC3 cells or LNCaP cells were detected by flow cytometer,PI and Annexin V staining.Protein expression was detected by Western blotting.Results After treatment with quercetin or cisplatin alone,the IC50 were (0.99 ± 0.13) μmol/L,(0.75 ± 0.09) μmol/L and (91.60 ± 6.10) μ mol/L,(72.90±4.70) μ mol/L for LNCaP cells or PC3 cells,respectively;The IC50 were (0.11±0.06)μ mol/L,(0.07±0.02) μmol/L for quercetin + cisplatin treatment (Compared with quercetin,P＜0.01 ;Compared with cisplatin,P＜0.05.After treatment with cisplatin or quercetin + cisplatin for 48 h,the S phase percent of LNCaP cells or PC3 cells were (22.4±2.7)％,(31.2±2.4)％ and (20.1±1.6)％,(31.0±2.5)％,respectively,(Compared with control,P＜0.05,however,treatment with quercetin alone has no significant difference (Compared with control,P＞0.05).After treatment with cisplatin or quercetin + cisplatin for 48 h,the apoptotic percent of LNCaP cells or PC3 cells were (14.8 ± 1.9) ％,(39.6 ± 3.1) ％ and (11.5± 1.2) ％,(34.1 ±3.3) ％,respectively,(compared with control,P ＜ 0.05,however,treatment with quercetin alone had no significant difference (compared with control,P＞0.05).After treatment with quercetin alone for 48 h,the activation of caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 were slightly increased,the expressions of Bax and p21 were up-regulated,the expressions of Bcl-2 and CDK2 were down-regulated.Furthermore,these effect of cisplatin and quercetin + cisplatin were significantly enhanced (compared with quercetin,P＜0.05;compared with quercetin,P＜0.01,respectively.Conclusions The combination modality with quercetin and cisplatin has a better treatment effect in vitro not only in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells but also in androgen-independent PC3 cells.

Objective To establish the standard of quality control for Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (PCRV) and to identify two kinds of PCRV which are collected in different times. Methods In this article,volatile components and flavonoid in 10 batches of samples which were collected from eight provinces were determined by GC and HPLC-DAD,respectively. Their fingerprints were handled by weighted similarity of range and by principal component analysis (PCA). Results According to the result of similarity and classification,there were obvious differences between the two kinds of PCRV.To know whether the differences have great influences on the pharmacological actions of PCRV, pharmacological studies will be needed. Weighted similarity is suitable for this system which has a high content of similar components. Conclusion These methods are effective and will help us to establish the criterion of quality control for PCRV.

Objective To investigate the brain activation map during substraction and multiplication tasks in health adults.Methods 13 volunteers were undergone two tests of substraction and multiplication in the form of block-design.The fMRI data were analyzed by SPM99 software with statistic t-test to generate the activation map.Results In substraction ,the left middle frontal gyre(MFG),inferior frontal gyre(IFG),superior parietal lobule(SPL),inferior parietal lobule(IPL),angular gyre(AG),superior temporal gyre(STG),the right MFG,SPL,IPL , bilateral visual association cortex and cerebellum were activated.In multiplication , the left superior frontal gyre(SFG),MFG,IFG,SPL,AG,the right SPL,precentral gyre(PCG) and bilateral visual association cortex were activated.Conclusion (1)The bilateral prefrontal areas,parietal cortex and occipito-temporal areas are involved in calculation and have the function of working memory ,numerial manipulation and visua-space attention;(2)The cerebellum is involved in cognitive arithmetic.

The purpose and meaning of epidemiology curriculum,the current problems existing in the teaching and teaching reforms for different specialties were discussed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of inhalation of hydrogen gas (H2) on Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway in lung tissues of septic mice with acute lung injury.Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-25 g,aged 6 weeks,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sh),sham operation + inhalation of H2 group (group H2),sepsis group (group S),and sepsis+ inhalation of H2 group (group S+H2).Sepsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Both H2 and S+H2 groups inhaled 2％ H2 for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after CLP.The mice in each group were sacrificed at 24 h after CLP.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of protein concentrations,polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count,and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).The lung tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes which were scored and for determination of the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio),activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),malonaldehyde (MDA) level,the expression of Rho,ROCK1,ROCK2 and activated caspase-3,and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target protein 1 (MYPT-1) (by Western blot).Results Compared with group Sh,the concentrations of protein,PMN count,and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF,lung injury score,W/D ratio,and levels of MPO and MDA in lung tissues were significantly increased,the activity of SOD in lung tissues was significantly decreased,the expression of Rho,ROCK1,ROCK2 and activated caspase-3 was significantly upregulated,and the phosphorylation of MYPT-1 in lung tissues was significantly increased in S and S+H2 groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group H2 (P＞0.05).Compared with group S,the concentrations of protein,PMN count,and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF,lung injury score,W/D ratio,and levels of MPO and MDA in lung tissues were significantly decreased,the activity of SOD in lung tissues was significantly increased,the expression of Rho,ROCK1,ROCK2 and activated caspase-3 in lung tissues was significantly down-regulated,and the phosphorylation of MYPT-1 in lung tissues was significantly decreased in group S+H2 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which inhalation of H2 attenuates acute lung injury is related to inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway activation in lung tissues of septic mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of bile reinfusion combined with enteral nutrition before R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent R0 resection at the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University from January 2010 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical data of 21 patients (the experimental group) who received bile reinfusion by preoperative percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage (PTCD) combined with enteral nutrition with nasojejunal tube were compared with 25 patients (the control group) who received neither PTCD nor enteral nutrition.The differences in the clinical indicators between the 2 groups were analyzed.Results In the experimental group,the levels of ALT,AKP,TBil and DBil decreased significantly after PTCD as compared with the original levels (t =4.433,4.547,5.648,4.681,P ＜ 0.05).The operation time and blood loss in the experimental group was reduced significantly when compared with the control group (t =-2.810,-2.047,P ＜ 0.05).The volume of postoperative albumin transfusion and the postoperative hospitalization in the experimental group was significantly reduced when compared with the control group (t =-3.083,t =-3.083,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Bile reinfusion combined with enteral nutrition facilitated the recovery of preoperative hepatic function in patients who underwent R0 resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,thus improving the safety of surgery and facilitated postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the value of predicting testicular viability following unilateral testicular torsion by color-Doppler ultrasound (CDU). Methods The clinical manifestations, intraoperative findings and scrotol CDU appearances before and after operation of 42 cases with testicular torsion were compared. According to a bleeding test intraoperatively, testicular viability was divided into A-D level. Testis of level A-C would be saved .while the level D removed. Testicular viability assessed by follow-up CDU was then classed into Ⅰ-Ⅲ level. In Ⅰ-Ⅱ level, the salvaged testis were recovery ultimatelybut atrophy in level Ⅲ. Results Seventeen cases of the 42 underwent orchidopexy and the remaining 25 cases underwent orchidectomy. As followed up, however, testis in only 7 cases were recovered, including 2 cases in level A,3 cases in level B and 2 cases in level C. respectively. The preoperative scrotal CDU appearances of the recovered testis were mainly as follows: ① Homogeneous parenchyma with decreased or disappeared blood perfusion. ②Sheet or radial hypoechoic in the local testis but with preserved blood perfusion in most area else. Testis in the remaining 10 patients, including 8 cases in level C and 2 cases in level D, respectively, were atrophy finally. And large radial hypoechoic or diffuse inhomogeneous echo with none or a small amount of blood supply on the edge parenchyma were found during their preoperative CDU (similar CDU performance was present in the orchidectomy group. The CDU appearances of contralateral testes both in orchidopexy and orchidectomy group were not obviously abnormal during follow-up. Conclusions The scrotal CDU examination is competent to predict testicular viability after detorsion. In addition, timely operation would be a key to CDU evaluation.