Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of probiotic products on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate(ANIT) induced intrahepatic cholestasis of rats.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(n=8),intoxication group(n=32) and intervention group(n=32).After 3 days adapted feeding,all rats received a single intragastric administration of ANIT(200 mg/kg) to induce acute intrahepatic cholestasis.Probiotics[4.2?108/(kg?d)] was given to intervention group 2 days before ANIT was administrated.After ANIT was given,biliary flow,alanine aminotransferase transaminase(ALT),total bilirubin(TB) and gastrointestinal hormone were recorded in every 48 h till 192 h.SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results 1.Forty-eight hours after ANIT was gavaged,the biliary flow of intoxication and intervention groups were lowered while ALT and TB were increased.But the above observation items of intoxication group were more significantly altered than those of intervention group.Then,they all recovered gradually.Those of intervention group returned to nearly normal levels 144 h after ANIT was gavaged while those of the intoxication group recover at 192 h.2.After ANIT was gavaged,MTL of intoxication and intervention groups was lowered while vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) increased.But the above items of intoxication group were more significantly altered than those of intervention group.Then,they all recovered gradually and the intervention group was much more early to returned to normal levels than the intoxication group at 192 h.Conclusions Probiotics can promote the bowel movement through increasing the secretion of gastrointestinal hormone,then relieve the cholestasis.

Impotence is one of the more common and serious symptom type of male sexual disturbance.It demonstrates by domestic sampling investigation that about more than 10% of male adult have impotence,and the incidence of impotence goes higher with the growing of age.Warming and invigorating kidney-yang has been the main therapy method for treating impotence.Through years of clinic practices,the treatment for impotence from liver has achieved satisfied effects.

Renal ischemia reperfusion injury refers to the recovery failure of renal function induced by renal perfusion after ischemia,and resulting in a series of pathophysiological reactions.At present,there are no sovereign drugs for the treatment of renal ischemia reperfusion injury.Based on the pathophysiological characteristics of renal ischemia reperfusion injury and the latest research results at home and abroad,the article reviewed the research progress in the therapeutical drugs for renal ischemia reperfusion injury,including apoptotic protease inhibitors,P-selectin antagonists and antioxidants,which could provide reference for the effective intervention with the disease.

Objective: To establish a mice model of congenital heart disease transposition of great arteries in order to provide a research reference for the occurrence and development of transposition of great arteries. Methods: A total of 20 pregnant ICR mice at 8-10 weeks of age were divided into 2 groups: Control group, the mice received a single dose of DMSO 70 mg/kg at 8.5 days of gestation,n=5 and Experiment group, the mice received a single dose of all-trans retinoic acid 70 mg/kg at 8.5 days of gestation,n=15. All animals were treated for 18 days and then the embryos were taken to observe cardiac morphology under stereomicroscope. Results: Compared with Control group, Experiment group had obviously increased occurrence rates of premature delivery, abortion and embryo absorption, and 61.2% phenotype for transposition of great arteries; meanwhile, combining with non-heart defect phenotypeas exophthalmos and spinal malformation. Conclusion: All-trans retinoic acid may induce transposition of great arteries in mice embryos, which is a feasible animal model in experimental research.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with Herbert screws for the treatment of Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to December 2012, 23 patients with Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by Herbert screws through Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Twenty-three patients (aged 18 to 52 years with a mean of 35.5 years, including 18 males and 5 females patients, 8 left hips and 15 right hips) with femoral head fractures and posterior hip dislocation. The fracture was classified according to Pipkin classification based on the radiographic findings, 5 patients had type I and 18 had type II fractures. The duration time from admission to the operation ranged from 6 to 72 h (averaged 32 h). The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The Harris hip score(HHS) was used to evaluate and compare hip functions at the latest follow-up between affected and healthy sides.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months (averaged 30 months). According to Thompson-Epstein system, 12 patients got an excellent result, 6 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The average HHS at the finial follow-up was 87.80 ± 8.46 (ranged from 66 to 95), which is similar to that in the healthy side 90.10 ± 6.35 (ranged from 72 to 98) (t = 1.044, P = 0.302). The complications such as deep infection, and deep vein thrombosis were not found. At the 3rd year during follow-up,4 patients had avascular necrosis of femoral head. At the 1st year of follow-up, 1 patient had hip pain after walking,screws loosening and shift after trauma,and serious complications of traumatic arthritis. All the 5 patients were treated with total hip arthroplasties.

CONCLUSIONThe treatment of internal fixation with Herbert screws through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is effective for Pipkin type I and type II femoral head fracture. The method is reliable and valuable for recommendation. However, such fracture may have avascular necrosis of femoral head and complication of traumatic arthritis, which should be observed carefully in clinic with preparation of the prevention and treatment measures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

?AIM:To compare the coherence and difference on the fundus examination made with two kinds of optical coherence tomography ( OCT): Angio-OCT and fourier domain-optical coherence tomography ( FD-OCT) .?METHODS:Using Angio-OCT and FD-OCT to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness, optic parameters, and ganglion cell complexes ( GCC ) thickness from 20 subjects respectively.The coherence was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient, the difference was tested with paired Student t testing.?RESULTS:The total correlation of the RNFL thickness, optic parameters, GCC thickness made with two kinds of OCT was between 0.7-0.8;the RNFL thickness, optic disk area etc.made with the Angio-OCT were lower than those made with FD-OCT except for the GCC thickness.?CONCLUSION: The results made with two kinds of OCT from the same subject has certain coherence, but cannot be compared directly.

Objective To observe the effects of vitamin C (VC) and E (VE) on the uhrastrueture of liver, kidney and brain tissue of fluorosis rats. Methods One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were chosen as the experimental animals and were divided into 9 groups randomly. The control group were given distilled water and the fluoride exposed group were given distilled water containing sodium fluoride 150 mg/L. The throe VC-fluoride exposed groups were given VC orally in a dose of 50,100,150 mg·kg-1.d-1, respectively, and the three VE-fluoride exposed groups were given VE of 25,50,75 mg·kg-1·d-1, respectively. The VC-VE-fluoride exposed group were given VC of 100 mg·kg-1·d-1and VE of 50 mg·kg-1·d-1at the same time of high fluoride water intake. The rats were sacrificed after 9 months and the ultrastructure changes on liver, kidney and brain tissues of each group were observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM). Results The uhrastrueture of liver, kidney and brain showed pathologic changes in the rats that drank water containing high eoneentrations of sodium fluoride. ①Edema of hepatocytes, smeared mitochontria and nuclear matrix, lipid droplet in eytoplasm of hepatocytes, margination of nueleohs as well as obvious swelling of liver sinusoidal endothelial were observed in fluoride exposed group. ② There were marginafion of heterochromatin, expansion of cell space and endoplasmic reticulum in the kidney after the exposure to excess fluoride.③Signifieant changes were found on glial eells on the brain, including cell swelling, increase and marginafion of heterochromatin in the fluoride exposure group. There were no significant uhrastrueture changes in the VC or VE intervention group, while the VC-VE-fluoride exposure group was almost the same as the control group. Conclusions Fluoresis may cause damage on liver, kidney and brain in rats. VC and VE, alone or combined, have protective effects, and the combined supplementation was stronger than single supplementations.

Objective To examine the interfractional dosimetric variations among inverse three-dimensional (3D) plan, forward 3D plan, and two-dimensional (2D) plan of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer, and to discuss the risk of implementing the interval plan on different implantation applicators at short time intervals.Methods Twenty-five groups of CT-guided intracavitary brachytherapy (two consecutive radiations at ≤4 d apart) plans from 11 cervical cancer patients who received radical radiation therapy in our hospital were reviewed and compared.The dwelling location and time of the first intracavitary brachytherapy plan (Plan-1) were simulated on the CT image of the second intracavitary brachytherapy to form Plan-1-S.The target coverage indices and D 2 cc of organs at risk (OARs) of Plan-1-S and Plan 2(actual plan of the second intracavitary brachytherapy) under the three planning modes were recorded and compared using the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and ANOVA.Results The D90, D100, and V100 of high-risk CTV were significantly lower in Plan-1-S created under the inverse mode in the actual plan (-9.11±13.46%,-13.16±18.79%, and-7.80±13.34%, P=0.002, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively).D90, D100, and V100 of the interval plan had the greatest reduction under the inverse mode (76%, 80%, and 76%, respectively).The maximum reductions in D90, D100, and V100 were 332.14 cGy (2D), 244.12 cGy (forward), and 41.76%(inverse).OAR overdose occurred most frequently under the forward mode;the rates of D90, D100, and V100 reductions accompanied by one OAR overdose were 29.41%, 37.50%, and 25.00%, and the rates of D90, D100, and V100 reductions by two OAR overdoses were 5.88%, 12.50%, and 6.25%,respectively.Overdose occurred most frequently in the small intestine (36%).Comparison of the three planning modes showed that the inverse plan had a greater reduction in each target coverage index than the 2D plan.Conclusions The simulated interval plan can significantly reduce target coverage and increase the risk of OAR overdose regardless of the planning mode and the short time intervals, and is therefore not recommended for clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Constant magnetic field of proper intensity can inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells,and it can be used to inhibit the restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of constant magnetic field of different intensities on the expression of osteopontin gene in rat aorta smooth muscle cells, so as to investigate whether magnetic field can be used to prevent and treat restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.DESIGN: A randomly grouping and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of Department of Cardiology (Military Institute of Cardiovascular Disease), Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2006. Male pure SD rats of 200-250 g were used.METHODS : Rat aorta smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro in DMEM medium containing fetal bovine serum (0.1 in volume serum), and then the cells were randomly divided into control group, constant magnetic field of 1, 5, 10 and 50 Gs groups, those in the control group were not treated with magnetic field, and those in the other groups were treated with magnetic field and cultured for another 48 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were combined with absorbance (A) scanning analysis to observe the effect of constant magnetic field on the expressions of osteopontin and its mRNA in smooth muscle cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of osteopontin and its mRNA in smooth muscle cells.RESULTS: The expressions of osteopontin and osteopontin genes in the constant magnetic field groups were significantly decreased as compared with that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05), there were also significant differences among the constant magnetic field groups of different intensities (P ＜ 0.05). It was indicated that the stimulation of constant magnetic field was in an intensity-dependent manner, and the expressions of osteopontin and osteopontin mRNA were enhanced as the intensity of magnetic field was increased.CONCLUSION: Constant magnetic field of proper intensity can inhibit the osteopontin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells on the gene level, and magnetic field may play a role in preventing and treating the restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention.