ObjectiveTo compare the efficacies between conventional acupuncture plus acupoint application and conventional acupuncture plus TDP in treating dysmenorrhea due to blood stagnation led by cold.MethodSixty patients were randomized into two groups, 31 cases in the treatment group and 29 cases in the control group. The treatment group was intervened by conventional acupuncture plus acupoint application, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture plus TDP. Before and after the intervention, McGill Pain Questionnaire was adopted to compare the Pain Rating Index (PRI) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, and Present Pain Index (PPI) score, and the therapeutic efficacy was also compared.ResultThe recovery rate was 58.1% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 24.1% in the control group (P<0.01); the total effective rate was 90.3% in the treatment group, significantly higher than 62.1% in the control group (P<0.01), indicating that the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment group was more significant than that of the control group. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in comparing the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores between the two groups (P>0.05), suggesting the comparability. After the intervention, there were significant differences in comparing the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores between the two groups (P<0.05), and the PRI, VAS, and PPI scores were markedly decreased in the treatment group.ConclusionConventional acupuncture plus acupoint application can improve dysmenorrhea symptoms and reduce patient’s pain, and can produce a more significant efficacy compared with conventional acupuncture plus TDP.

Objective To study on the relations between endometrial carcinoma and Infections of HSVⅡ.Methods Using to skill of PCR-SSCP to test 30 cases of endometrial carcinoma,others 15 cases of the hyperplastic endometrial and 15 cases of the normal of endometrial were infected HSVⅡ.Results Positive rates of endometrial carcinoma that was infected of HSVⅡ were 50%(15/30),Positive rates of the hyperplastic endometrial that was infected of HSVⅡ were 6.67%(1/15),15 cases of the normal of endometrials were not infected.Compared with the endometrial carcinoma and the hyperplastic endometrial and the normal of endometrial,P

Objectives Esophageal cancer development and progression is driven by the accumulation of genetic changes. In this study, we used tissue microarray to survey the expression of p53, p16 and COX-2 in esophageal cancer progression and their clinical implication. Methods We tested p53, p16 and COX-2 proteins by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray in 86 specimens from different stages of esophageal cancer and 40 specimens from adjacent non-cancer tissue. Results The expression of p53 and COX-2 was significantly higher in tumor tissue than that in non-tumor ones. As for the expression of pl6, no significant difference was found between tumor and adjacent tissue. An obvious relation was observed among p53, p16 and COX-2 expression that esophageal carcinogenesis was highly correlated with the positive expression of p53 or COX-2, however, no reciprocal relationship to neoplastic progression was recognized with p53, p16 and COX-2. Conclusion We observed that the tissue with the positive expression of p53 or COX-2 was more likely to develop esophageal cancer. Further work will verify the hypothesis that the expression level of p53 and COX-2 in biopsy specimen is applicable to predict early outset of esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the response of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after autologous implantation in mouse stimulated with gonadotrophin.Methods Thirty six female mice were randomly divided into three groups,with 12 mice in each group.In group of fresh ovarian tissue,fresh ovarian tissue was implanted into kidney capsule of mice:in group of cryopreserved ovarian tissue,ovarian tissue was implanted into kidney capsule of mice after cryopreserved by vitrification for two weeks.We investigated the response of ovarian tissue two weeks later after autologous implantation stimulated with gonadotrophin.Immunohistochemistry staining method was used to observe the expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor.Results Before and after stimularian with gonadotrophin,the mature follicle rate of group of fresh ovarian tissue was 2.3%and 4.2%.that of group of cryopreserved ovarian tissue was 2.3%and 4.0%,and that of group of control was 2.6%and 5.8%.Regarding the percentages of mature follicle.there were significant differences after stimulation with gonadotrophin(P＜0.05).After stimulating with gonadotrophin the percentages of mature follicle were the same in the fresh tissue group,cryopreserved tissue group and control group(P＞0.05).The integrated optical density of follicle stimulating hormone receptor of fresh ovarian tissue in antrofollicle and pre-antrofollicle were 9408±2777 and 4531±1903.that of cryopreserved ovarian tissue were 9175±3093 and 4808±1386.and that of the control ovarian tissue were 8838±2064and 5516±1136 respectively.There was no significant difference between any two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The follicle stimulating hormone receptor is preserved by cryopreservation and transplantation,small pieces of ovarian tissue response to gonadotropin stimulation is normal.

The bioactivity of a working reference standard was determined by replicate bioassays with calibration against a primary reference standard. In this study the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration first was calculated theoretically, and if the mean value of the experimental bioassay replicates fell within the predefined bioactivity level the bioactivity of the working reference was defined as 100%. Our results showed that when the total intermediate precision of the bioassay method was at 11.66% and the predefined bioactivity level was set at 95%-105% with a confidence level of 95%, 21 bioassay replicates should be carried out for calibration. The average value of the 22 experimental bioassay replicates was 101.96%, so the bioactivity of the working reference standard was consistent with that of the primary reference standard at 100%. The results suggest that a strategy of first calculating the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration and then determining whether the resulting experimental mean value is within the predefined bioactivity level will be of value to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma,so as to provide theoretical base for the prevention of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 153 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (gallbladder carcinoma group) who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 300 patients with cholecystolithiasis (cholecystolithiasis group) and 300 patients without gallbladder carcinoma or cholecystolithiasis (control group)were collected and matched at the ratio of 1∶2 to conduct the controlled study.Data were statistically analyzed by the Chi-square test and conditional Logistric regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant difference in age,history of cholecystolithiasis,postmenopausal age,accumulated menstrual period,giving birth or not and number of birth between gallbladder carcinoma group and control group ( x2 =58.22,180.14,9.59,24.30,18.66,15.17,P ＜0.05).Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma (x2 =55.76,180.95,24.30,8.54,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of having gallbladder carcinoma in patients who had a history of cholecystolithiasis was 34 times higher than those who did not have the history of cholecystolithiasis (OR =34.22).Late postmenopausal age (51 -55 years old),longer accumulated menstrual period ( ≥30 years),and the number of birth ( 3 times) were associated with higher risk of gallbladder carcinoma (OR =3.96,9.68,3.51 ). Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period and number of birth were the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma when comparing patients who have history of cholecystolithiasis in the gallbladder carcinoma group with those in the cholecystolithiasis group (x2 =70.66,16.66,11.59,4.69,P ＜ 0.05 ).Age,course of cholecystolithiasis and accumulated menstrual period were the independent risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma ( x2 =64.29,8.82,5.58,P ＜ 0.05).The risk of gallbladder carcinoma increased as the increase of age and course of cholecystolithiasis. The accumulated menstrual period ≥ 30 years was also a risk factor of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusions Age,history of cholecystolithiasis,course of cholecystolithiasis,accumulated menstrual period and number of birth may be the risk factors of gallbladder carcinoma.For patients with age above 60 years and course of cholecystolithiasis above 3 years,cholecystectomy should be conducted to reduce the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma,and great importance should be attached to female patients with indications mentioned above.

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features of gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinicopathological features,diagnosis and treatment strategies were summarized.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival of the patients was analyzed by Log-rank test. Results The clinical manifestation of the 8 patients was non-specific,and all the patients were misdiagnosed as with primary gallbladder cancer complicated with cholecystolithiasis or chronic cholecystitis.The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and γ-glutamyl transferase of 3 patients were higher than the normal,the level of alkaline phosphatase of 2 patients was higher than the normal,the level of aspartate transaminase of 1 patient was higher than the normal,the level of CA242 of 3 patients was higher than the normal and the level of CA19-9 of 4 patients was higher than the normal.The levels of aspartate transaminase,total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were in the normal range. Different surgical approaches were selected according to different tumor positions.The mean diameter of the tumor was (5 ±3)cm. Lymph node metastasis was detected at the hepatic hilar,hepatoduodenal ligament and area behind pancreatic head. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed that all the patients were with gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma. All patients were followed up till April 2011. Two patients survived with no discomfort,and the survival time was 2-3 months.Six patients died of tumor recurrence or metastasis,and their median survival time was 8 months (range,4-13 months). Conclusions The clinical manifestation of gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma is non-specific, and definite diagnosis depends on the results of postoperative pathological examination.Surgical treatment is the only effective method in improving the prognosis of patients with gallbladder adenosquamous carcinoma,and the prognosis of patients is poor.

Insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, independent autonomic neuropathy are high risk factors for gallstone formation in type 2 diabetic patients. In recent years, there have been a lot of new developments on the relationship between type 2 diabetes and gallstones, such as adiponectin, leptin and metabolic syndrome, etc. Based on these studies, the risk factors of type 2 diabetes complicated with gallstones are summarized in this paper.

Objective To determine the risk factors of gallstones. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 4087 patients with gallstones (the study group) and 20435 individuals without gallstones (the control group) at the Health Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2007 to May 2010. Using age and sex, the study and the control groups were matched in 1 : 5 ratio. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression.Results Univariate analysis showed significant differences in diabetic mellitus (DM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastalic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH) and body mass index (BMI) between the study and the control groups (P＜0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that DM, SBP, HDL-CH and BMI were associated with gallstones, and their adjusted odds ratio (95％ confidence interval) were 0. 825 (0. 736 ～0. 925), 0. 908 (0. 828～0. 996), 1. 211 (1. 056～1. 389) and 0. 746 (0. 691～0. 805), respectively.The incidences of total cholesterol (TCH) and low deasity dipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) were not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionsDM、SBP、HDL-CH and BMI were found to be the risk factors for gallstones. To prevent gallstones, weight reduction, blood pressure control and normalization of blood lipid are important measures.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological characteristics of hepatocellularcholangiocarcinoma,and standardize the diagnosis and treatment strategy.Methods Between January 1990 to October 2010,12 patients with hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma were treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH).A retrospective study was performed based on the clinical data of these patients to evaluate the diagnosis,curative treatment and prognosis.Kaplan-Meier estimate was employed for survival analysis and log-rank test for group comparisons.Results There were ten male and 2 female patients,with a mean age of 51±6.3 (range,40 to 59).Abdominal pain,fatigue and weight loss were the main symptoms.Eleven of 12 (91.7％) patients had chronic hepatitis B,and 10 (83.3％) had cirrhosis.None of the 12 patients was accurately diagnosed preoperatively.The 1,3,and 5-year overall survivals for 11 patients who were regularly followed up were 63.6％,27.2 ％ and 9.1 ％,respectively.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma were diverse,which led to preoperatively misdiagnosis.The diagnosis was made on pathological examination.Surgical resection was the main treatment.The prognosis of hepatocellularcholangiocarcinoma was bad.