Avian coccidiosis, an acute parasitic disease that mainly harms chicks, is widely prevalent across the world, which poses a serious threat to poultry industry. Because of the single prophylactic formulations, veterinary clinical treatment of coccidiosis mainly relies on chemically synthesized agents, polyether ionophores and Chinese herbal medicines. The introduction of novel anticoccidial drugs is slow for a long period of time, and there is an increasing problem of anticoccidial drug resistance following long-term use, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in poultry industry. This review summarizes the levels of anticoccidial drug resistance across China from 2018 to 2023, and analyzes the resistance to various anticoccidial agents in coccidia. It is indicated that the overall prevalence of anticoccidial drug resistance is high in coccidia, and development of novel anticoccidial agents and products with reduced antibiotics use and alternatives of antibiotics is of an urgent need.

Objective:To conduct a survey of the current status of education service offered to professional master's students in clinical medicine in a grade-A tertiary hospital in Chongqing, China based on the SERVQUAL model, and to discuss the problems with education service as well as measures for improvement.Methods:Based on the SERVQUAL model, a questionnaire consisting of 30 items in 5 dimensions was designed. Each item was rated for an expected score and a perceived score. Medical professional master's students in a Chongqing grade-A tertiary hospital in the first half year of 2022 were surveyed for the expected and perceived quality of education service to calculate service quality (SQ). SPSS 26.0 was used for reliability and validity analyses and descriptive statistical analyses. The results were analyzed using a two-dimensional quadrant graph.Results:A total of 263 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective response rate of 97.77%. For both the expectation scale and the perception scale, the Cronbach's α values were >0.8, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values were >0.7, indicating good reliability and validity. The mean expected value of education service quality was 4.28, the mean perceived value was 3.96, and the mean gap value was -0.32. The SQ scores for all the items were negative, except for "provide neat suits for work". The two-dimensional quadrant analysis showed that 6 items were located in quadrant III (low-expectation and low-perception area), and 7 items were located in quadrant IV (high-expectation and low-perception area).Conclusions:The evaluation scale based on the SERVQUAL model can effectively reflect problems in postgraduate education for medical master's students, helping develop strategies to improve the quality of education service.

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and resistance patterns of ESBL-producing E.coli in lambs with diarrhea in the Kashi area,Xinjiang.The findings may provide guidance for the prevention and control of clinical E.coli disease.We collected 385 samples of perianal feces from lambs with diarrhea in the Kashgar area.From these samples,we isolated 371 strains of E.coli.We then used the double-paper-sheet synergistic method to screen for ESBL-producing E.coli.Additionally,we conducted analyses to identify drug-resistance genes,analyze drug resistance,and study the phylo-typing of the screened strains.Of 371 E.coli strains,204 were identified as ESBL-producing strains.The prevalence rates of blaCTX-M,blaCTX-M-1G,blaCTX-M-9G,and bla TEM resistance genes was 67.65％,69.12％,30.39％,and 63.73％,respectively.All ESBL-pro-ducing strains were resistant to multiple drugs,with resistance rates ranging from 90.69％to 100％for eight specific drugs:ampicillin,cefotaxime,gentamicin,enrofloxacin,azithromy-cin,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,methotrexate,and amitrazine.The phylogenetic subgroups of the strains were distributed primarily in groups A and D.Among group A strains,41.11％exhibited resistance to ten drugs,whereas among group D strains,40％exhibited resistance to 11 drugs.ESBL-pro-ducing strains of Escherichia coli are the main pathogens cau-sing diarrhea in lambs in the Kashgar region;group A is the main group,and all groups are multi-drug resistant.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa) by Meta-analysis. Methods The major biomedical databases were searched (CNKI, CBM, Medline, and Embase) with the keywords "PIRADS v2.1" or "PI-RADS v2.1". The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Tool v2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate literature quality. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA17.0 and ReMan5.4 software. Forest plots were used to represent the sensitivity and specificity of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 for each study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were combined, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using asummary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC). Subgroup analysis was performed on three covariables: tumor location, threshold, and the nationality of authors. Results A total of 12 studies were included, involving 3 158 patients and 3 243 lesions. Forall zones and the whole gland, PI-RADS v2.1 had a larger area under the SROC curve (AUC) for csPCa performance, compared with PI-RADS v2. Subgroup analysis: PI-RADS v2.1 also had a larger area under the SROC (AUC) to detect transitional zone csPCa. Different diagnostic thresholds: when a score of 4 was used for the threshold, PI-RADS v2.1 had the maximum area under SROC (AUC) for csPCa performance detection. Author nationality: Researches of PI-RADS v2.1 in Chinese authors had the largest area under the SROC (AUC) in detecting csPCa performance. Conclusion Compared with PI-RADS v2, the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in detecting csPCa is not obviously improved and overall specificity is still low.

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of letermovir in primary prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in patients receiving haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods: This retrospective, cohort study was conducted using data of patients who underwent haploidentical transplantation at Peking University Institute of Hematology and received letermovir for primary prophylaxis between May 1, 2022 and August 30, 2022. The inclusion criteria of the letermovir group were as follows: letermovir initiation within 30 days after transplantation and continuation for≥90 days after transplantation. Patients who underwent haploidentical transplantation within the same time period but did not receive letermovir prophylaxis were selected in a 1∶4 ratio as controls. The main outcomes were the incidence of CMV infection and CMV disease after transplantation as well as the possible effects of letermovir on acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and bone marrow suppression. Categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test, and continuous variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for evaluating incidence differences. Results: Seventeen patients were included in the letermovir prophylaxis group. The median patient age in the letermovir group was significantly greater than that in the control group (43 yr vs. 15 yr; Z=-4.28, P<0.001). The two groups showed no significant difference in sex distribution and primary diseases, etc. (all P>0.05). The proportion of CMV-seronegative donors was significantly higher in the letermovir prophylaxis group in comparison with the control group (8/17 vs. 0/68, χ²=35.32, P<0.001). Three out of the 17 patients in the letermovir group experienced CMV reactivation, which was significantly lower than the incidence of CMV reactivation in the control group (3/17 vs. 40/68, χ²=9.23, P=0.002), and no CMV disease development observed in the letermovir group. Letermovir showed no significant effects on platelet engraftment (P=0.105), aGVHD (P=0.348), and 100-day NRM (P=0.474). Conclusions: Preliminary data suggest that letermovir may effectively reduce the incidence of CMV infection after haploidentical transplantation without influencing aGVHD, NRM, and bone marrow suppression. Prospective randomized controlled studies are required to further verify these findings.
Humans ; Cytomegalovirus ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/prevention & control* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control* ; Recurrence ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use*

Objective:To explore the relationship between marital status and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Methods:This study is a cluster random sampling.From January to December 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among older adults aged 60 years and over in four cities of Hebei Province.Finally, 2690 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive function were enrolled.The older adults were divided into 2 groups according to their marital status: married and living with their spouses(group E1), divorced or living alone(group E2). The mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores of older adults in the two groups were compared.Moreover, the cognitive differences of older adults between the two groups and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events on cognitive outcomes were analyzed.Results:The married older adults with partners had better cognitive preservation( P<0.01). The more life events were more likely to cause cognitive impairment( P<0.01), and the interaction of marital status, social activities and life events had a significant impact on cognition( P<0.01). Older men who were married and lived with spouse had better cognition than older women who were married and lived with spouse( P<0.05 in Model 3). The cognition of widowed elderly women was better than those of widowed elderly men( P<0.1 in Model 1; P<0.1 in Model 2). Among elderly men, the cognition of those married and living with spouse was better than that those of widowed( P<0.01 in models 1 and 2, P<0.1 in model 3). Among elderly women, those married and living with spouse had better cognitive outcomes than those widowed( P<0.01 in Model 1, P<0.01 in Model 2). Conclusions:Marital companionship is a protective factor for the cognition of older adults, and there are gender differences in the impact of marital status on cognition in late life.

Codonopsis Radix is a traditional tonic medicine commonly used in China, which has the effects of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, as well as nourishing blood and engendering liquid. The chemical constituents of Codonopsis species are mainly polyacetylenes, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, terpenoids and saponins, flavonoids, steroids, organic acids, saccharides, and so on. Modern pharmacological studies showed that Codonopsis Radix also has a variety of pharmacological effects such as enhancing body immunity, protecting gastrointestinal mucosa and resisting ulcers, promoting hematopoietic function, regulating blood sugar, and delaying aging. In this paper, the chemical constituents of Codonopsis species and the pharmacological effects of Codonopsis Radix were summarized, and on this basis, the quality markers of Codonopsis Radix were analyzed. It was predicted that lobetyolin, tangshenoside I, codonopyrrolidium A, and the oligosaccharides were the possible Q-markers of Codonopsis Radix. This paper will provide scientific references for the quality evaluation and profound research and the development of Codonopsis Radix.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Codonopsis ; Alkaloids ; Medicine, Traditional ; Plant Roots

Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in human body,and its metabolic disorder will induce hyperuricemia (HUA).The occurrence and development of HUA are associated with a variety of pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress injury,activation of inflammatory cytokines,and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.These mechanisms directly or indirectly affect the bioavailability of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).The decrease in NO bioavailability is common in the diseases with high concentration of UA as an independent risk factor.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms by which high concentrations of UA affect the endogenous NO bioavailability,with a focus on the mechanisms of high-concentration UA in decreasing the synthesis and/or increasing the consumption of NO.This review aims to provide references for alleviating the multisystem symptoms and improving the prognosis of HUA,and lay a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the correlations between HUA and other metabolic diseases.
Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia ; Biological Availability ; Cytokines

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a widely prevalent autoimmune inflammatory disease that severely affects patients' quality of life. Currently, conventional formulations against RA have several limitations, such as nonspecificity, poor efficacy, large drug dosages, frequent administration, and systemic side effects. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising stra-tegy for the diagnosis and treatment of RA since nanotechnology can overcome the limitations of traditional treatments and simplify the complexity of the disease. These systems enable targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the inflamed areas through active and passive targeting, achieving specificity to the joints, overcoming the need for increased dosage and administration frequency, and reducing associated adverse reactions. This article aimed to review nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems in the field of RA and elucidate how nanosystems can be utilized to deliver therapeutic drugs to inflamed joints for controlling RA progression. By discussing the current issues and challenges faced by nanodrug delivery systems and highlighting the urgent need for solutions, this article offers theoretical support for further research on nanotechnology-based co-delivery systems in the future.
Humans ; Quality of Life ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy* ; Nanotechnology

Headache is a common clinical complication of ischemic stroke. As a precursor of stroke, headache occurs repeatedly in the convalescent period of ischemic stroke, leading to secondary stroke and seriously hindering patients' rehabilitation. Currently, it is believed that the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke-related headache is associated with the abnormal release of vasoactive substances, high platelet aggregation, and stimulation of intracranial pain-sensitive structures. The active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines(TCM) with the effects of activating blood to resolve stasis and clearing heat to release exterior can protect brain tissue and relieve headache by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines, alleviating antioxidant stress, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and so on. This paper introduces the research progress in the potential mechanism and TCM treatment of ischemic stroke-related headache, aiming to provide reference for further research and drug development of this complication.
Humans ; Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Stroke/drug therapy* ; Headache/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*