[Summary] The theory of fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) is now widely accepted by researchers who hold the opinion that adult degenerative and metabolism diseases have close relationship with the environment of fetal development inside and outside the womb. Some studies have proved that maternal hypothyroidism can negatively affect the glucose metabolism of their offsprings. However, the whole mechanism is not clear yet. Insufficient thyroid hormone during pregnancy was proved to slow down the formation of fetal pancreatic cytoskeleton, to decrease the proinsulin gene transcription, and to modulate series of cytokines and enzymes which are related to glucose dependent insulin secretion. Thyroid hormone receptor is also considered to be partially responsible for the relation between low thyroid hormone and β cell insufficiency. However, more studies in vivo should be carried out to prove this hypothesis. Epidemiologic studies have suggested that type 2 diabetes and low birth weight can be different phenotypes of the same genotype. The definite mechanism of maternal hypothyroidism in influencing fetal β-cell function should be studied by further investigation.

Objective:To investigate influences of bicortical anchora ge on the values of natural frequency of dental implants. Methods: Using the commercial code of SolidWorks, 3-D models of a screw-shaped dental i mplant and a mandibular bone segment were generated. After the 3-D implant-bon e complex was meshed by ABAQUS software, effects of bicortical anchorage on the buccolingual and axial first-order natural frequencies of the implant were comp uted. Results:Bicortical anchorage increased the buccolingual na tural frequencies and the axial natural frequencies of the implants by a maximu m of 13.77% and 107.40% respectively. The apical anchorage depth in the cortical bone had an insignificant effect on further increase of implant stability. Conclusion:Bicortical anchorage can increase the stability of dental implants, especially in the axial direction.

Objective To discuss the application of allowable total error (Tea) and allowable imprecision derived from biological variation in routine chemistry external quality assessment ( EQA) and internal quality control (IQC) and set up quality specifications of routine chemistry in our country.Methods Data of test items including K,Na,CI,Ca,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,Alb,TP,TC,TG,AST,ALT,Tbil,ALP,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe,Mg,Cu,Zn and GGT was collected and evaluated by a nationwide EQA.At the same time the coefficients of variation (CVs) of these test items during the month were acquired from the IQC reports of each laboratory and then the results were analyzed.Results Percent of pass was different in these test items based on Tea derived from biological variation in EQA results.Except for items of CI,Mg,Cu and Zn,about 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum performance of biological variation.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the desired performance of biological variation for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,Cre,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Fe and GGT.About 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the optimum performance of biological variation for Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,C K,and GGT.And the IQC results showed that acceptable percents of different items based on three allowable imprecision were different.More than 80％ of participant laboratories could achieve the minimum allowable imprecision for K,P,Glu,Urea,UA,TC,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,AMY,CK,LDH,Dbil,Fe,GGT,the desirable imprecision for P,Urea,UA,TG,ALT,AST,Tbil,CK,Dbil,Fe,GGT and the optimum imprecision for TG,ALT,CK,Dbil,Fe.Conclusions The quality specifications derived from biological variation can be as evaluation criteria for EQA and IQC in order to know the detection ability of each laboratory more completely and objectively,set up quality specifications derived from allowable total error and allowable imprecision in routine chemistry and to provide basis for mutual recognition of routine chemistry test results.

Objective To investigate the exercise performance in maintenance dialysis patients,and analyze its correlative factors.Methods Maintenance dialysis patients admitted in Tongji Hospital of Shanghai from December 2014 to March 2015 were enrolled,with their baseline data and biochemical measurement being collected.The anthropometric indexes including arm circumference,triceps skinfold,waist circumference and hip circumference were detected.The exercise activity was assessed by hand grip test,timed up and go test (3mTUG) and five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST).Patients were divided into fast group (3mTUG≤12 s) and slow group (3mTUG ＞ 12 s).Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the factors influencing exercise performance in maintenance dialysis.Results There were 121 patients enrolled:62 on peritoneal dialysis and 59 on hemodialysis,76 men and 45 women.Patients' average age was (61.6± 13.0) years and median dialysis age was 31.7(12.3,69.0) months.There was no statistical difference between fast group (n=80) and slow group (n=41) in gender,dialysis method,dialysis age,body mass index (BMI),arm muscle area (AMA),waist-hip ratio (WHR),hemoglobin (Hb) and total cholesterol (TC).Patients in fast group were younger,had higher serum albumin,prealbumin,serum phosphate and iPTH,and less prevalence of diabetes than those in slow group.In exercise activity,patients in fast group had better performance in handgrip,3mTUG and FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that,handgrip was correlated with sex (male),AMA,BMI,age,diabetes,serum phosphorus and TC;scores in FTSST was correlated with age,BMI,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method,dialysis age,prealbumin and serum phosphorus;scores in 3mTUG was correlated with age,diabetes,WHR,dialysis method and dialysis age,prealbumin,serum phosphorus and iPTH (all P ＜ 0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that sex (male),age,AMA and diabetes were independently correlated with handgrip in dialysis patients (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,BMI and diabetes were independently correlated with scores in FTSST (all P ＜ 0.05);age,dialysis method,diabetes and WHR were independently correlated with scores in 3mTUG (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis are impaired.Age and diabetes are independent factor associated with the exercise performances of patients on maintenance dialysis.AMA is independently associated with upper limb movement,and dialysis method,BMI and WHR are independent factors associated with lower limb movement in dialysis patients.

Thyroid diseases during pregnancy are highlighted in recent decade by both endocrinologists and gynaecologists.Hyper-and hypothyroidism accompanied with pregnancy may cause side effects on maternal and fetal health,increase the incidence of obstetric complications and impair the development of the fetal nervous system.It is widely accepted that subclinical thyroid dysfunction such as subclinical hypothyroidism,hypothyroxinemia,and thyroid autoimmunity may result in adverse obstetric outcomes.A very crucial work is going on to set up trimester special reference of thyroid function in each clinical laboratory.

China ; Haplopappus ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Sesquiterpenes

Objective To analyze the effect of duloxetine on S100B and signal pathway ERK1/2-NF-κB expression in hippocampus in depression rat.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation was used to establish depressive model rats (n=50).They were randomly divided into no-intervention group (n=10),different treatment time of duloxetine group (C,D,E,F group,10 rats in each group)and then 10 normal rats were selected as control group.Behavior tests including open-field test and the saccharine preference test were used to test the behavioral change of rats after 28 days intragastric administration.Western blot was used to detect S100B,t-ERK1/2,pERK 1/2,t-NF-κB and pNF-κB expression in hippocampus.Results In open-field test,the crossing score,rearing score and latency of the rats in E,F group were (69.68± 14.61) and (70.66± 11.53) score,(20.94 ± 10.92) and (20.32±8.85) score,(1.1±0.4)s and(1.0±0.4) s respectively,and showed no significant difference with those of control group ((71.19±12.08) score,(20.42±8.76) score,(1.0±0.3)s) after 28 d intragastric administration (P＞0.05),while the level score,vertical score were significantly higher than those in depressive model (P＜ 0.05).In the saccharine preference test,the rats in E,F and control group exhibited increased saccharin preference compared with depressive model rats (P＜0.05).The rats in E,F and control group exhibited increased S100B,pERK1/2 and pNF-κB expression in hippocampus compared with depressive model rats (P＜0.05).Conclusion Duloxetine improves the behavioral ability of depression rat and exerts effect after 2 weeks.The ERK1/2-NF-κB signal pathway in hippocampus may participate in this mechanism.

Objective To research the visualization of congenital heart disease by three-dimensional echocardiographic(3DE) virtual endoscopy(VE) system. Methods Datasets.from 10 healthy children and 22 patients with congenital heart disease were collected (10 patients with atrial septal defects, 6 patients with ventricular septal defects and 6 patients with tetralogy of Fallot). 3DE heart models were reconstructed by virtual reality computing techniques and visualization in scientific computing techniques. The VE system was programmed under the C++ 6.0 language condition,the visualization toolkit (VTK) platform was employed to carry out the graphics and visualization utilities. The virtual eye can move along the navigation paths in the heart by manual camera movements. Results The VE can provide special information in aspects of intracardiac anatomy, The visible heart models show precisely complex anatomy structure and spatial relationships. 3DE intracardiac endoscopic imaging can thus be visualized and navigated successfully by the VE system. Conclusions 3DE VE is a new system for the visualization of congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND: It is a new tendency to treat central nervous system injury or tumor therapy using the combination of seed cells and gene therapy.OBJECTIVE: To observe the dose-relationship between transfection and expression of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) with adenovirus vector carrying green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP), and to study its effects on cell biological properties, in addition, to explore the feasibility of using Ad-GFP vector to construct gene modified BMSCs.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping, contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the Southern Medical University between August 2008 and March 2009.MATERIALS: New Zealand white rabbits, irrespective of genders, weighing 2.0-3.0 kg, were selected.METHODS: BMSCs were separated and cultured in vitro, and then the cell immunophenotypes were detected by flow cytometry.The adenovirus was obtained by packaging 293 cells and was used to transfect BMSCs with various liters (1 ×-10~3-1×10~(10) PFU/mL).Cytometry was used to analyze the transfection efficiency.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell morphological changes were detected under an invert microscope. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 kits. BMSCs transfected with Ad-GFP were induced differentiating into neuron-like cells by adding of β-mercaptoethanol.RESULTS: The surface markers of 3-6-generation BMSCs were negative to CD34 and CD45, but positive for CD29 and CD44.When the virus titers were 1 ×10~7 PFU/mL, the transfection rate was 55%, which were 85% when the virus titers were 1 ×10~9 and1×10~(10) PFU/mL. However, cell pathology phenomenon occurred when the virus titer was 1 ×10~(10) PFU/mL. The fluorescence was strongest expressed at day 7, and it still can be seen at day 28. The BMSCs trasfected with Ad-GFP could differentiate into neuron-like cells under induction of p-mercaptoethanol, with positive neuron-specific enolase.CONCLUSION: Ad-GFP with suitable titers can infect BMSCs effectively with little influence on the biology property or differentiation function. BMSCs can serve as seeds cell in gene therapy field when utilizing ad-GFP vector system.

Objective To investigate the relationships between the levels of plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L),fetuin-A and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and carotid plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study.Carotid arteries were assessed by using carotid artery ultrasound.The patients were divided into either a carotid artery plaque group or a non-carotid artery plaque group according to the assessment results.The former were further divided into a stable plaque sub-group and an unstable plaque sub-group according the nature of plaque.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma sCD40L,fetuin-A and PAPP-A.The demography,previous history,complications,laboratory tests and plasma inflammatory biomarkers between the carotid artery plaque group and the non-carotid artery plaque group and between the stable plaque subgroup and the unstable plaque subgroup were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between plasma inflammatory biomarkers and carotid plaques.Results A total of 200 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included.Among them,78 were females and 122 were males (aged 33 to 87 years,mean 60.1 ± 10.3 years); 139 patients were in the carotid artery plaque group and 61 were in the non-plaque group; 43 were in the stable plaque subgroup and 96 were in the unstable plaque subgoup.The mean age of the carotid artery plaque subgroup was significantly greater than that in the non-plaque subgroup (63.2 ± 8.7 years vs.50.3 ± 9.5 years; t ＝ 10.179,P =0.000),the constituent ratios of men (68.3％ vs.44.3％;x2＝ 10.336,P＝ 0.001),hypertension (71.2 vs.54.1％;x2=5.540,P=0.019),diabetes (46.8％ vs.29.5％ ;x2 =5.199,P =0.023),and hyperlipidemia (78.4％ vs.37.7％ ;x2 =31.31,P =0.000)in patients of carotid plaque group were significantly higher than those of the non-carotid plaque group.The levels of total cholesterol (5.7 ± 1.1 mmol/L vs.5.3 ± 1.0 mmol/L; t =2.433,P =0.016),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.5 ± 1.0 mmol/L vs.4.1 ±0.9 mmol/L; t =2.683,P =0.008),fasting glucose (7.5 ±2.5 mmol/Lvs.6.4±2.1 mmol/L; t=3.002,P＝0.003),sCD40L (151.4 ± 55.8 pg/mlvs.102.8 ±65.9 pg/ml; t =5.360,P=0.000),fctuin-A (390.1 ± 80.6 μg/ml v.s.352.9 ± 98.6 μg/ml; t =2.591,P =0.011),and PAPP-A (11.49 ±4.67 mIU/L vs.8.46 ± 3.99 mIU/L; t =4.409,P =0.000) were significantly higher than those of the non-carotid plaque group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR] 6.582,95％ confidence interval [CI] 2.321-18.662; P =0.000),sCD40L (OR6.372,95％ CI 2.174-18.670;P=0.010),and fetuin-A (OR 4.101,95％ CI 1.012-16.619; P=0.048) were the independent predictors for carotid artery plaques in patients with acute ischemic stroke.The mean age of the stable plaque subgroup was significantly lower than that of the unstable plaque subgroup (59.6 ± 9.3 years vs.64.1 ± 7.2 years; t =3.231,P =0.002).The constituent ratio in patients with hypertension was significantly lower than that of the unstable plaque subgroup (55.8％ vs.78.1％ ; x2 =7.213,P =0.007).The levels of total cholesterol (5.4 ±0.9 mmol/L vs.6.0 ± 1.1 mmol/L; t =3.136,P =0.002),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs.5.7 ± 1.0 mmol/L; t =8.696,P =0.000),fasting glucose (7.1 ± 2.3 mmol/L vs,7.9 ± 1.9 mmol/L; t =2.147,P =0.034),sCD40L (135.3 ±74.3 pg/ml vs.176.5 ±64.5 pg/ml; t =3.319,P ＝0.001),and PAPP-A (10.96 ± 5.02 mIU/L vs.13.98 ±4.63 mIU/L; t =3.463,P =0.001) were significantly lower than those of the unstable plaque subgroup,while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher than that of the unstable plaque subgroup (1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L vs.1.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L; t =2.314,P=0.022).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HDL-C (OR 0.234,95％ CI0.060-0.906; P =0.022) was an independent protective factor for unstable plaques,while sCD40L (OR 5.290,95％ CI 1.613-17.351; P =0.029) and PAPP-A (OR4.125,95％ CI 1.281-13.283; P =0.021) were the independent predictors for unstable plaques.Conclusions The levels of sCD40L,PAPP-A,and fetuin-A were associated with the existence and stability of carotid artery plaque.The increased plasma sCD40L and fetuin-A were the independent predictors for carotid artery plaques in patients with acute ischemic stroke,and the increased levels of plasma sCD40L and PAPP-A were the independent predictors for carotid artery plaque instability in patients with acute ischemic stroke.